基于介孔碳的电化学酪氨酸酶生物传感器法测定水体中的苯酚及高效液相色谱法评价

采用新型的介孔碳材料作为固载酪氨酸酶的检测平台构建生物传感器,应用于水体环境中苯酚污染物的检测,并通过高效液相色谱法对电化学酪氨酸酶生物传感器法的准确性进行了评价。研究表明,介孔碳的"空间限制效应"能够防止酪氨酸酶(三维尺寸为6.5 nm×9.8 nm×5.5 nm)体外去折叠失活。基于介孔碳材料构建的电化学酪氨酸酶生物传感器在苯酚污染物检测方面显示了优良的性能,其重现性、灵敏度、稳定性、选择性以及检出限均比较令人满意。基于介孔碳的电化学酪氨酸酶生物传感器对苯酚污染物的检出限达到20 nmol/L,线性范围为0.1~10 μmol/L。采用基于介孔碳的电化学酪氨酸酶生物传感器和高效液相色谱法对实际水样品进行测定结果比对,结果表明该生物传感器方法检测结果准确、有效,适合于苯酚污染物突发污染事件的应急检测。     

环境介质与生物样品中三氯生残留检测方法研究进展

综述了环境介质与生物样品中三氯生残留的检测方法研究进展。检测方法有气相色谱-质谱法、液相色谱法、液相色谱-质谱联用以及分光光度法、酶联免疫分析方法和电化学法等。气相色谱-质谱法检测三氯生线性关系良好，检出限、定量限低，精密度、准确度较高，但样品需要衍生化前处理，操作较为复杂。液相色谱法操作相对于气相色谱-质谱法更为简便，且具有选择性强、线性范围宽、定量准确和精密度高等优点，目前高效液相色谱法是大多数实验室的首选。液相色谱-质谱法是在液相色谱的基础上，采用质谱法对样品中的三氯生残留进行定性定量，定量准确，检出限低。其他方法的使用率较低，但也可满足环境介质与生物样品中三氯生残留的检测。目前乃至未来的一段时间内，环境介质及生物样品中三氯生残留的检测方法将以色谱-质谱法为主。目前仪器检测技术条件已经相对成熟，因此应积极寻找适合不同样品的前处理方法，使检测结果更加准确和精确，实验过程更加快捷方便。     

超高效液相色谱/高分辨飞行时间质谱法同时检测乳制品中19种抗生素

利用超高效液相色谱/高分辨飞行时间质谱结合数据库建立了乳制品中19种抗生素的分析方法。样品依次经过乙腈和酸化乙腈处理后,冷冻离心浓缩,经超高效液相色谱分离,正离子扫描模式下,在10 min内对19种抗生素进行分离和检测,质量浓度在10～500或15～1000 μg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系,检出限为3～5 μg/L,平均回收率为68.4%～96.7%。加标样品的筛查结果表明,保留时间偏差不大于0.1 min,质量偏差小于5 mDa,同位素峰形匹配度不低于87.4%, 19种加标抗生素被全部检测出来,且大部分抗生素获得很高的鉴定评分。对购自本地超市的40余份乳制品进行了筛查分析,未检出阳性样品。该分析方法具有前处理简单、分析速度快、灵敏度高、质量精确度高的特点,可应用于乳制品中抗生素的快速筛查。     

双酚S检测方法的研究进展

综述了各类基质(包括食品及食品接触材料、纺织品、皮革、热敏纸、环境样品和生物样品)中双酚S的前处理方法和检测方法(包括薄层扫描法、电化学传感器法、流动注射抑制化学发光法、紫外-可见分光光度法、气相色谱-质谱法、液相色谱法和液相色谱-质谱法)的研究进展,并对其发展前景进行了展望(引用文献78篇)。     

β-内酰胺类抗生素分析检测技术及其应用研究进展

介绍了近10年来高效液相色谱(HPLC)、高效液相色谱.质谱联用(HPLC-MS)、高效毛细管电泳(HPCE)等现代分析技术在检测动物性食品和环境样品中β-内酰胺类抗生素残留的应用研究进展.     

烟碱样品前处理及分析方法研究进展

烟碱是评价烟草及其制品的感官品质及内在质量的重要指标,同时也是监测食品、环境及人体中尼古丁暴露程度的关键因素。烟碱所在基质复杂,样品多样,针对不同检测环境及要求选择合适高效的分析方法对成功测定烟碱含量至关重要。该文介绍了测定烟草及生物样品中烟碱含量的样品前处理技术（固相/液相微萃取技术和分子印迹法）和常用的检测方法（分光光度法、液相色谱法、气相色谱法、毛细管电泳法、电化学法）,评述了每种方法的适用范围、应用实例和研究进展,并讨论了各种检测方法的灵敏度、准确性和检测效率等。     

高效液相色谱中的化学衍生法

色谱技术中的化学衍生法系指在色谱过程中用特殊的化学试剂(一般称为衍生化试剂或标记试剂)使样品成分转变相应的衍生物之后进行分离检测或进行检测的方法。近十年来,化学衍生法在高效液相色谱法中的应用受到重视,发展较快。在高效液相色谱法中,化学衍生化的目的为:1.将紫外一可见强吸收功能基团引入被检测对象或将其转变为荧光衍生物,以提高检测灵敏度;2.提高对分析样品的分离和选择性。     

环境样品中砷、硒形态分析研究进展

综述了近年来环境样品中砷、硒形态分析的研究进展,主要内容包括样品的前处理技术、分离技术、检测技术。前处理技术主要是用各种提取液采用各种方式提取样品中的砷、硒形态,分离技术主要有高效液相色谱分离、气相色谱分离、毛细管电泳分离等,检测技术主要有原子吸收光谱法、原子发射光谱法、原子荧光光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法等。最后对其研究前景进行了展望。     

填充型纳流液相色谱柱技术的研究进展

纳流液相色谱是高效液相色谱微型化的重要形式,由于其具有溶剂消耗少、样品需求量小、检测灵敏度高以及与质谱联用兼容性好等特点,在生命科学、生物医药以及微纳分析等领域得到越来越广泛的应用。填充柱是最常用的纳流色谱柱类型,通常由球形色谱填料颗粒填充入毛细管内制成。样品组分是在色谱柱上实现分离,色谱柱的性能对色谱分析的选择性和分辨率至关重要,因此制备高质量的纳流色谱填充柱对获得高效的纳流液相色谱分离尤为关键。纳流色谱柱的制备包含两个重要技术环节：柱塞技术和填充工艺。近年来,随着柱塞与填充技术的进步,填充型纳流液相色谱柱的稳定性和分离性能得到了显著提升。本文对近十年来纳流液相色谱柱技术的研究进展,主要是柱塞技术和填充技术的研究和应用进展进行了概述,介绍了其在组学研究和生物制药领域中的应用,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法检测牛奶和猪肉中5种β-内酰胺类抗生素

建立了牛奶和猪肉样品中氨苄西林、青霉素V、青霉素G、苯唑西林和氯唑西林等5种β-内酰胺类抗生素残留量的高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定方法。实验采用固相萃取法(SPE)富集抗生素残留,考察了样品前处理方法;并对色谱分离条件加以优化,在C18色谱柱上以乙腈-0.1%氨水进行梯度洗脱,可在10min内实现5种抗生素的分离与检测,检测波长为210nm。方法可用于动物性食品中上述抗生素残留的同时检测。     

碳点的功能化及其在食品安全领域的应用

作为新型的传感材料,碳点在过去10年中受到了广泛的关注。由于制备方法相对单一,未经功能化碳点的表面有效传感作用位点的种类受到了限制（多为羧基、羟基、醛基等含氧官能团）,导致其选择性和灵敏度不佳。因此,功能化在开发碳点传感器中扮演了重要的角色。碳点的功能化主要分为两大类：掺杂改性及表面修饰。掺杂改性是在碳点的骨架结构中引入新的元素,一方面能够实现碳点的光学改性,另一方面也可以在其表面形成新的作用位点用于传感。表面修饰是在碳点表面原有结构的基础上,通过共价或非共价的形式与其他功能结构相结合,从而拓展碳点的选择性并提升其灵敏度。本文对近8年来碳点功能化及其在食品安全检测领域应用的相关研究进展进行了系统性的梳理,为开发基于功能化碳点的食品快检设备提供一些新的思路。     

碳点在样品前处理及色谱分离中的应用

碳点（CDs）具有生物相容性好、毒性低、稳定性好等优点,目前已广泛应用于生物成像、传感、光催化等领域。近年来,以CDs为吸附剂和分离材料的样品前处理和色谱分离研究也引起了研究者的极大兴趣。该文对CDs在样品前处理和色谱分离中的应用进行了综述,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

Fast chromatographic separation techniques as competitors to chemical and biochemical sensor systems

Fast chromatographic methods, e.g. chromatography with supercritical fluids, ion chromatography and especially capillary electrophoresis, are important competitors of chemical sensors in environmental monitoring and process control. These methods show high selectivity and low interferences and it is possible to determine several parameters within a single chromatographic run. In order to show the potential and limitation of sensor systems and chromatographic separation methods in environmental analysis this review is limited to applications in this field.With regard to practical problems a comparison of ion chromatography (IC), capillary electrophoresis (CE) and electrochemical sensors is given for a special example, the ion analysis in waste water. Authentic water samples with a high surfactant content from a car-wash are examined, proving the suitability of IC, CE and electrochemical sensors in terms of specifity, sensitivity, reproducibility, analysis time and calibration linearity. The results show that the chromatographic methods are useful techniques in water analysis, yielding good sensitivity, high resolution and short analysis times. In comparison the chemical sensor also shows short analysis times, good sensitivity and a simple instrumental set-up. The disadvantage is the lack of selectivity and the instability of the sensor signal, when the sensor is exposed to the extremely complex matrix. Good results could only be achieved by pretreatment of the sample solution.     

Recent advances in electrochemical sensors for antibiotics and their applications

The abuse of antibiotics will cause an increase of drug-resistant strains and environmental pollution,which in turn will affect human health.Therefore,it is important to develop effective detection techniques to determine the level of antibiotics contamination in various fields.Compared with traditional detection methods,electrochemical sensors have received extensive attention due to their advantages such as high sensitivity,low detection limit,and good selectivity.In this mini review,we summarized the latest developments and new trends in electrochemical sensors for antibiotics.Here,modification methods and materials of electrode are discussed.We also pay more attention to the practical applications of antibiotics electrochemical sensors in different fields.In addition,the existing problems and the future challenges ahead have been proposed.We hope that this review can provide new ideas for the development of electrochemical sensors for antibiotics in the future.     

Carbon dots as a fluorescent probe for label-free detection of physiological potassium level in human serum and red blood cells

A unique photoluminescence carbon dots (CDs) with larger size were prepared by microwave-assisted method. Complex functional groups on the surface of the CDs facilitate the nanoparticles to form affinity with some metal ions. Taking advantage of the effective fluorescence quenching effect of K⁺, a highly sensitive CD-based fluorescence analytical system for label-free detection of K⁺ with limit of detection (LOD) 1.0 × 10⁻¹² M was established. The concentrations of potassium ion in biological samples such as human serum are usually found at millimolar levels or even higher. The proposed method begins with a substantial dilution of the sample to place the K⁺ concentration in the dynamic range for quantification, which covers 3 orders of magnitude. This offers some advantages: the detection of K⁺ only needs very small quantities of biological samples, and the dilution of samples such as serum may effectively eliminate the potential interferences that often originate from the background matrix. The determined potassium levels were satisfactory and closely comparable with the results given by the hospital, indicating that this fluorescent probe is applicable to detection of physiological potassium level with high accuracy. Compared with other relative biosensors requiring modified design, bio-molecular modification or/and sophisticated instruments, this CD-based sensor is very simple, cost-effective and easy detection, suggesting great potential applications for successively monitoring physiological potassium level and the change in biological system.     

Amperometric detection of amines using cobalt electrodes after separation by ion-moderated partition chromatography

A simple and low-cost amperometric sensor for amines has been developed using a cobalt wire electrode working in alkaline solution. The sensor may be used as a detector for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) that avoids the need for derivatization or post-column reaction. Experimental conditions for flow injection analysis (FIA) and HPLC separation, including the applied potential, pH and concentrations of organic modifier and carrier solution, were optimized. A cobalt wire electrode, in the constant potential amperometric mode, gives an excellent response toward amines in ion-exclusion chromatography in unbuffered solution. The sensitivities of the detection and separation of amines on the column are affected by flow rate, the concentration of the mobile phase and the concentration of organic solvent in the mobile phase, whereas the applied potential only affects the sensitivity of the detector. A cobalt electrode is more sensitive than a copper electrode, and comparable in sensitivity to a UV detector for most amines tested. The detection sensitivity is comparable to that obtained with GC methods, but the procedures are far simpler. The detection limits of the order of nanomoles obtained under the chromatographic conditions used offer an alternative for the determination of amines in a variety of matrices, such as in environmental, biomedical and pharmaceutical samples.     

Hyphenated chromatographic methods for biomaterials

The improvement in hyphenated analytical techniques has significantly widened their applications to the analysis of biomaterials. In this article, we discuss recent advances in applications of hyphenated chromatographic techniques including capillary electrophoresis to the analyses of biological samples. As tools of separation, gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis are considered with special emphasis on applications utilizing the hyphenation of these methods to mass spectrometry. Moreover, applications using other detection methods such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy hyphenated to gas chromatography and photodiode array detector combined with high-performance liquid chromatography or capillary electrophoresis are also discussed. Owing to their high sensitivity, luminescence-based detection systems such as laser-induced fluorescence and chemiluminescence are also included in this review.     

Chromatographic analysis of plant sterols in foods and vegetable oils.

This paper reviews recently published chromatographic methods for the analysis of plant sterols in various sample matrices with emphasis on vegetable oils. An overview of structural complexities and biological/nutritional aspects including hypocholesterolemic activities of phytosterols is provided in the Section 1. The principal themes of the review highlight the development and application of chromatographic techniques for the isolation, purification, separation and detection of the title compounds. Pertinent gas chromatographic and high-performance liquid chromatographic methods from the literature are tabulated to illustrate common trends and methodological variability. The review also covers specific analyses of natural/synthetic standard mixtures to shed light on potential applicability in plant sample assays. Examples of combined chromatographic techniques linked in tandem for the analysis of complex samples are included. Elution characteristics of sterol components are discussed in the context of analyte substituent effects, structural factors and stationary/mobile phase considerations.     

Advances in application of sensors for determination of phthalate esters

Phthalates esters(PAEs) are extensively used as additives for polymers in plastic, particularly in polyvinyl chloride(PVC) and polyethylene terephthalate(PET). These compounds are not part of the polymer chains and can be released easily from products and migrate into beverages and foods that come into direct contact, causing environmental and human health impacts. Simple and rapid detection of such substances is of great significance for ensuring environmental food safety and consumer health. A...     

含环糊精膜的制备与应用*

本文简要介绍了环糊精的结构和性质,环糊精具有外部亲水,内部疏水的特殊分子构型,在膜内引入环糊精或环糊精衍生物对膜的性能具有很大的影响。综述了环糊精及其衍生物膜在异构体分离、金属离子传递、药物控制释放、药物检测与分析、酯盐水解及其他领域等方面的应用,评述了环糊精在自组装分子管道方面的作用,最后对含环糊精膜的发展方向进行了展望。