电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定海洋沉积物中34种痕量元素

用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定海洋沉积物中34种痕量元素,样品于聚四氟乙烯封闭坩埚中用氢氟酸和硝酸溶解,运用干扰方程校正光谱干扰,用内标校正消除基体影响。方法检出限(3s/k)在0.046～160 ng.g-1之间。通过分析4个海洋沉积物标准物质对所提出方法的准确度和精密度做了考核,所得测定结果与标准物质的认定值相吻合,各元素测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于10%。     

土壤、沉积物系列标准物质中38种元素的ICP-MS定值

探讨了电感耦合等离子体质谱测定土壤元素的基体效应及元素间的基体干扰，采用模拟土壤元素天然组成比值的校正溶液，利用^115In-^103Rh双内标校正系统有效地抑制了分析信号的动态漂移，建立了测定土壤中元素的ICP－MS方法；对GBW07410－07416土壤、沉积物系列标准物质进行定值，测定结果与XRF分析结果比较，同时用于GBW07404、GBW07405、GBW07408、GBW07309管理样分析，结果令人满意。     

聚氨酯泡沫富集-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定土壤及水系沉积物中铊含量

建立了一种以聚氨酯泡沫富集-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定土壤及水系沉积物中铊含量的分析方法,利用正交实验,确定最佳实验条件,方法的检出限为0.01mg/L,对土壤及水系沉积物标准物质的测定结果与推荐值相符,相对误差小于10%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=10)在1.9%~4.9%。     

X射线荧光光谱法分析IC10合金成分

提出了X射线荧光光谱法测定IC10合金的主量元素及控制限元素含量的方法。采用虚拟定值法对限量元素进行定值,用基本参数法(单点标准比较法)对主量元素进行定值。结果表明:主量元素的相对标准偏差(n=11)均小于0.35%;控制限元素的相对标准偏差均小于2.0%。     

土壤和沉积物中全硼量与其他微量及常量元素的ICP-AES同时测定

用含有氢氟酸的混酸(H_3PO_4-HClO_4-HNO_3-HF或H_3PO_4-HNO_3-HF)分解样品,磷酸的存在可以避免硼挥发损失。利用ICP-AES法同时测定土壤和水系沉积物样品中全硼量及其他18个常量及微量元素,对标准参考物质的分析结果表明,方法有良好的准确度和精密度。硼的回收率在84.8—100％之间,相对标准偏差小于7.4％(微量元素)和小于3.9％(大量和小量元素)。方法适合于土壤和沉积物批量样品的多元素快速分析。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定土壤中的铜、锌、镍、铬

建立电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定土壤中铜、锌、镍、铬的含量。在土壤样品中分步加入盐酸、硝酸、氢氟酸,电热板加热消解,将土壤标准物质GSS–17,GSS–22,GSS–8,GSS–27与样品按相同的方法处理绘制工作曲线。铜、锌、镍、铬的分析波长分别为327.39,206.20,231.60,267.72 nm。在一定的质量浓度范围内工作曲线表现出良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999,4种元素的方法检出限分别为0.4,0.5,0.3,0.6 mg/kg。采用土壤标准物质GSS–26,GSS–20,GSS–16对方法准确度进行验证,测定值与标准值基本一致,样品加标回收率为82.3%～107.0%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.58%～4.68%(n=8)。该方法检出限、准确度和精密度均满足检测要求,可用于快速准确检测批量土壤样品中的重金属含量。     

鲜魔芋及其种植土壤中矿物元素的ICP-AES法测定

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ICP－AES）测量了不同产区鲜魔芋球茎及其种植土壤中10种矿物元素的含量，并初步讨论其相关性；采用湿法消化处理样品并考察了不同元素测定的精密度、回收率；测定的相对标准偏差（RSD）均小于2％，回收率为95％－104％，结果可信度高。     

聚氨酯泡沫富集-ICP-AES法测定土壤及水系沉积物中铊含量

本文建立了一种以聚氨酯泡沫富集-ICP-AES法测定土壤及水系沉积物中铊含量的分析方法,利用正交实验,确定最佳实验条件,方法的检出限为0.01mg/L,经对土壤及水系沉积物成分分析标准物质的检测,结果与推荐值相符,相对误差小于10%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=10)在1.9%-4.9%之间。     

压片制样-波长色散X射线荧光光谱法测定土壤和沉积物中主、次及微量元素

针对土壤和沉积物中主、次及微量元素的准确高效检测要求,基于压片制样-波长色散X射线荧光光谱测定技术,采用42种土壤和沉积物标准物质作为校准标样,建立了土壤和沉积物中22种元素成分的同时测定方法。重点研究了压片制样技术存在的矿物效应和粒度效应,考察了测定次数对氯含量检测结果的影响,优化了各元素成分的测试条件,探讨了基体校应及谱线重叠干扰校正等问题。采用软件提供的多元线性回归分析模型建立了各元素分析的校准曲线,基于3倍背景信号波动的标准偏差计算出各元素的检出限范围为0.3 mg/kg~433.4 mg/kg。准确度试验结果表明土壤（GBW07403a、GBW07450）和水系沉积物（GBW07384）的测试结果与标示值基本一致。针对三个不同含量水平土壤样品的精密度试验（RSD,n=12）结果表明,各元素测定结果相对标准偏差分别在0.13%~9.06%、0.00%~9.26%和0.18%~8.26%。因此,本研究进一步明确了土壤和沉积物X射线荧光光谱测定的关键条件,方法的检出限、准确度及重复性等满足日常分析检测要求,对实验室土壤检测工作具有指导意义。     

粉末压片-X射线荧光光谱法测定富硅土壤和沉积物样品中的5种重金属元素

X射线荧光光谱法测定土壤和沉积物中的重金属具有简便、快速、准确等优点,但现有的环境行业标准方法不适用于SiO2含量大于80%的土壤和沉积物。为提高X射线荧光光谱法测定土壤和沉积物中的重金属在环境监测领域中的适用性,建立基于粉末压片-X射线荧光光谱法测定富硅土壤和沉积物中重金属的分析方法。通过选取富硅的土壤和沉积物标准物质提高校准曲线的测量范围以及优化各元素的测量条件,探讨基体效应和谱线重叠干扰、研究压片制样的最佳压力等途径,测定富硅土壤和沉积物中的Pb、Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn。结果表明在已优化的测定条件下,通过延长校准曲线的测量上限,保证待测元素含量在校准曲线范围内,同时采用经验系数法和康普顿散射内标法校正基体效应,可进一步提高方法的准确度和精密度。方法比对结果显示该方法的测定结果与原子吸收光谱法的测定结果无显著性差异。选用2种不同的富硅标准物质进一步验证方法的精密度和准确度,Pb、Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn的测定结果与标准物质认定值的对数误差为0.002~0.08,相对标准偏差为1.0%~4.6%。该方法的精密度和正确度满足土壤和水系沉积物环境监测分析的技术要求,具有良好的应用前景。     

Development of clenbuterol reference materials: lyophilized bovine eye samples free of clenbuterol (CRM 673) and containing clenbuterol (CRM 674)

The certification by inter-laboratory testing of two candidate reference materials (RMs) for the mass concentration of the anabolic agent clenbuterol in bovine eye material is described: RM 674 with ca 10 microg clenbuterol per kg of eye matrix and RM 673 clenbuterol-free eye matrix as the negative control (<0.50 microg kg(-1)). Both candidate RMs were certified by eleven EU laboratories, and sixty-six accepted replicate measurements were included in the "Certification Study". The precision of the measurement process was assessed by calculation of the standard variation determined within each laboratory during the certification step. The study was performed according to the "Guidelines for the production and certification of BCR reference materials" and to "ISO guide 31, 33, and 35". The certified clenbuterol mass concentration for clenbuterol-free eye material CRM 673 (calculated on the basis of clenbuterol as the free base) was <0.50 microg kg(-1). The corresponding concentration for clenbuterol-containing eye material CRM 674 was 9.42 +/- 0.88 microg kg(-1). These certified values are very close to the desired target concentration of <0.5 microg kg(-1) and ca 10 microg kg(-1). This study has demonstrated that successful certification of clenbuterol-containing and clenbuterol-free bovine eye materials is possible.     

Determination of trace elements in sediment reference materials by monochromatic X-ray excitation X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.

A new reliable analytical method, "Monochromatic X-ray Excitation X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry", has been proposed. For validating the method, trace elements in sediment certified reference materials were determined. In the method X-ray fluorescence spectra are measured for specimens and pure metals; in addition the mass-attenuation coefficients of the specimens for various X-ray wavelengths are also measured. The data are analyzed by the fundamental parameter method and the uncertainty of the analysis is evaluated. The obtained results were in satisfactory agreement with the certified values within their uncertainties. This method will be applicable to the certification of reference materials, in the field of which reliable results with uncertainty statements are required.     

中国海大陆架沉积物超细标准物质系列研制

5个中国海大陆架沉积物标准物质的原样分别取自东海和南海,样品风干后,先经球磨制备成200目的均匀粉体,再用气流磨进一步加工成超细粒度的均匀样品.采用激光粒度仪检测了样品的粒度分布,5个样品的平均粒度均小于4 μm(约800目).采用高精度的XRF检验了样品的均匀性并以高灵敏度的ICP-AES、ICP-MS相配合确定了其最小取样量(5 mg).有12个实验室参加了合作定值研究,定值组分均为60个,其中MSCS-1,2分别有50和51个组分定为标准值,MSCS-3,4,5有52个组分定为标准值.全组分百分总和分别为99.9%, 99.9%, 100.4%, 100.1%和99.7%.     

Assessment of the ICP-MS method using the interlaboratory QA study of two Polish soil RMs

 Under an international collaborative certification programme, two new Polish soil reference materials, PL-1 (loess) and BPGM-1 (sandy loam soil), were analysed for 34 trace elements including all the rare earth elements using the acid decomposition method and inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). After the certification by the organisers, the analytical data obtained at our institute were compared with the certified data. 'Z-score' values calculated for individual trace elements helped in the assessment of the quality of the data. While the majority of the data obtained on ICP-MS was very precise and accurate, some of the data especially for elements such as Zr, Hf and Nb suffered from incomplete dissolution of the sample and spectroscopic interferences. For some trace elements, certified data are not available for comparison. These features together with the usefulness of interlaboratory collaborative programmes and ICP-MS for the certification of soil reference materials are discussed. Received: 6 August 1999 / Accepted: 28 February 2000     

PE熔体流动速率标准物质的研制

介绍PE熔体流动速率标准物质的研制过程。采用聚合物共混技术制备标准物质,6家实验室协作定值,定值方法采用GB／T3682—2000标准。研制的PE熔体流动速率标准物质的均匀性、稳定性良好,定值结果准确、可靠。标准物质的稳定期大于1a,标准值为20．10g／(10min),扩展不确定度为0．46g／(10min)。     

8 mm波隐身材料反射率标准物质的研制

介绍8mm波隐身材料反射率标准物质的研制和定值方法。采用高效复合吸收剂吸波涂层配方、双层结构和精密机械加工等手段进行设计、制备。该标准物质反射率标称值分别为-10、-15、-20dB,不确定度优于0.8dB,具有稳定性高、吸波性能响应平坦的特点,已经在隐身材料反射率专用测量设备校准方面得到应用。     

河豚毒素标准样品的研制

采用质谱、核磁、红外及紫外对河豚毒素样品进行结构确证,采用柱后衍生高效液相荧光法对该纯度标准样品进行定值并进行了均匀性、稳定性检验。标准样品经国内6个具有分析资质的实验室进行协同定值,定值结果为99.45%,其扩展不确定度(95%置信区间)为0.51%。该标准样品达到国家标准样品的技术要求,可用于有关河豚毒素的方法校正和质量控制。     

Matrix certified reference materials for environmental monitoring from the National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ)

Matrix certified reference materials (CRMs) are playing an increasingly important role in environmental monitoring in Japan. The National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ)/National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) has been developing matrix CRMs for environmental monitoring since 2001, and has issued nine kinds of CRMs as NMIJ CRMs. The development of the CRMs was conducted in NMIJ in cooperation with candidate material producers. The isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) was principally adopted to give reliable certified values. Meanwhile, two or more analytical methods, whose levels of accuracy were well evaluated, were applied to avoid any possible analytical bias. Two typical certification processes, the certification of river water CRMs for trace element analysis and that of marine sediment CRMs for PCB and organochlorine pesticide analysis, are outlined as examples. Presented at -- “BERM-10” -- April 2006, Charleston, SC, USA.     

Accurate measurement of uranium isotope ratios in soil samples using thermal ionization mass spectrometry equipped with a warp energy filter

A chemical and mass-spectrometric procedure for uranium isotopic analysis using a thermal ionisation mass spectrometer equipped with a Wide Aperture Retardation Potential energy filter has been developed and applied to uranium isotopic measurements for various soil samples. Soil samples were digested using a microwave digestor. Uranium was isolated from soil samples by the chemical separation procedure based on the use of anion-exchange resin and UTEVA extraction chromatography column. The isotope ratios were measured for two certified reference materials by using a VG Sector 54-30 thermal ionisation mass spectrometer in dynamic mode with Faraday cup and Daly ion counting system. Replicates of standard reference materials showed excellent analytical agreement with established values supporting the reliability and accuracy of the method. Precision of the ²³⁵U/²³⁸U ratio was achieved by a correction factor of 0.22% amu as a function of ion-beam intensity with sample loads of around 250?ng of U. The resulting reproducibility for standards and soil samples was better than 0.2% at two standard deviations (SD). Uranium isotopic compositions have been determined in several reference soil samples such as Buffalo river sediment, NIST 2704, river sediment SRM 4350b and ocean sediment NIST-4357 and a Chernobyl soil sample. There was a significant deviation from the natural uranium in comparison with Chernobyl soil samples.