碳纳米管纳米分子印迹聚合物传感器的制备及对血液中葡萄糖的测定

以葡萄糖为模板分子,通过电聚合邻苯二胺,在多壁碳纳米管修饰的GC电极表面制备了一种对葡萄糖具有选择性响应的分子印迹聚合薄膜传感器,优化了制备方法。通过循环伏安法(CV)和交流阻抗法对该分子印迹传感器对葡萄糖的响应性能进行了表征。在最优实验条件下,该印迹电极能在6.0~560.0μmol/L浓度范围内对葡萄糖进行检测,检出限为8.0×10~(-7) mol/L,并可在其他物质存在下选择性识别葡萄糖。此传感器可用于血液中葡萄糖的测定,加标回收率为98.5%~103.3%。     

邻苯二胺、邻氨基酚的电化学聚合及聚合的膜性质

邻苯二胺(ODB), 邻氨基酚(OAP)在酸性水溶液中易电聚合, 可形成致密的聚合膜。聚邻苯二胺(PODB)在PH<4时具有电活性, 其氧化还原反应与电变色效应对应。聚邻苯二胺,聚邻氨基酚(POAP)膜电极电位在pH=4～10范围对pH有Nernst响应, 电极系数分别为59mV/pH和57mV/pH。响应时间小于3分钟。PODB, POAP膜能与Ni~(2+), Co~(2+)过渡金属离子形成稳定的聚合络合膜。此膜在碱性介质中具有稳定的循环伏安行为, 膜中的金属离子可被H~+交换。PODB电极的—NH_2基可再修饰引入醌/氢醌功能团。     

噻吩-2-甲醛缩邻苯二胺敏感膜铬（Ⅲ）离子选择性电极的研制与应用

以噻吩-2-甲醛和邻苯二胺合成的双席夫碱噻吩-2-甲醛缩邻苯二胺(TDDB)为中性载体,将其与碳粉混合,以液体石蜡为粘合剂,制备了新型的铬(Ⅲ)离子选择性电极.室温下,电极对Cr3+的能斯特响应范围为1.00×10-6 ～ 5.00×10-2 mol/L,斜率为20.01 mV/dec,检出限为2.98×10-7 mol/L.电极响应时间随着待测物浓度的增大而减小,但在整个浓度范围内小于70 s,可连续使用10 d;电极的pH使用范围为2.8 ～5.6.在优化条件下,用固定干扰离子法(FIM)考察了10余种离子的干扰情况,结果显示,电极对Cr3+具有较好的选择性.以该离子选择性电极为指示电极,用直接电位法对废水中的Cr3+进行测定,结果令人满意.     

基于PoPD-MWCNTs-离子液体/纳米金的髓过氧化物酶免疫传感器

在离子液体([EMIM]Br)中, 将聚邻苯二胺(PoPD)-多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)复合物原位电聚合到金电极(Au)表面, 利用纳米金固载髓过氧化物酶(MPO)抗体, 构建了一种用于MPO检测的无需标记的电流型免疫传感器. 采用循环伏安法(CV)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对修饰过程进行表征. 探讨了邻苯二胺单体浓度、pH、孵育时间和孵育温度对该免疫传感器性能的影响. 实验结果表明, 该传感器在最适条件下对MPO响应良好, 其线性范围为0.25～350 ng/mL, 线性相关系数为0.9985, 检出限为0.07 ng/mL. 该电流型免疫传感器具有稳定性好、灵敏度较高、特异性好、结果准确可靠和可再生等优点, 可应用于临床检测.     

石墨烯-聚三聚氰胺修饰电极制备及对水果酸度测定

采用滴涂法和电聚合法,依次将石墨烯(GS)和三聚氰胺(Mel)修饰到玻碳电极表面,制备了电化学性能良好的石墨烯-聚三聚氰胺(GS/pMel)复合薄膜修饰电极。利用循环伏安法考察了该修饰电极在不同pH值的缓冲溶液中的电化学行为,在循环伏安图中可见与pH相关的一对氧化还原峰,且氧化峰电位与溶液的pH值在1.93～12.53范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9969,响应斜率约为58 mV/pH。GS/pMel复合薄膜修饰电极成功地应用于果汁及水果活体的酸度测定,电极性能稳定,测量结果具有高度的重复性、稳定性和准确性。该修饰电极可广泛应用于果蔬活体酸度的直接测定。     

基于聚邻苯二胺@单壁碳纳米管修饰电极用于全血pH测定

开发了一种新型的电流型pH传感器。聚邻苯二胺(PoPD)通过原位电化学聚合法沉积在单壁碳纳米管(SWCNT)修饰的玻碳电极(GCE)表面。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对所得电极GCE/SWCNT/PoPD进行表征。通过循环伏安法(CV)优化扫描聚合电位和扫描圈数,在最佳实验条件下,研究该传感器对pH的电化学响应。结果表明,该传感器对pH在4.5～8.2具有良好的比率型电流响应。该传感器已成功用于人全血样品pH的直接测定。     

分段控温原位聚合沉积法制备苯胺-邻苯二胺共聚物薄膜

提出在玻璃基体表面原位聚合沉积制备苯胺-邻苯二胺(An-oPD)共聚物薄膜的一种方法:分段控温法,即高温预聚(高水浴温度)、低温聚合(冰水浴)。该法可在缩短聚合反应时间的同时避免暴聚现象,提高成膜效率,所得共聚物薄膜形貌特征优异、膜厚均匀;该法可制得饱和厚度120 nm,电导率9.16×10-2S/cm的An-oPD共聚物薄膜,具有与均聚PAn薄膜不同的电致变色性能。     

聚邻苯二胺/铂复合电极的制备及其电催化研究

利用原位聚合原位还原复合法制备了聚邻苯二胺(PoPD)/铂(Pt)复合电极。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、x射线能谱(XRD)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、和交流阻抗(EIS)对其形貌、组成元素和结构等进行了表征。研究了Poly(O-Phenylenediamine)/Platinum电极对甲醇的电催化行为,发现该复合电极对甲醇有良好的电催化性能。与裸铂电极相比,氧化电流高出约4.5倍。通过循环伏安法和计时电量法测定了修饰电极在甲醇溶液中的动力学参数,测得电子转移数为1,扩散系数为8.5687×10-7㎝2/s。     

邻苯二胺在L-酪氨酸功能化的玻碳电极上的聚合及其性能

首先在非水介质中通过电化学氧化将L-酪氨酸以C-N键共价键合在玻碳电极表面,形成L-酪氨酸接枝单层膜.再在L-酪氨酸功能化的玻碳电极上对邻苯二胺进行电化学聚合,从而制备了聚邻苯二胺/L-酪氨酸复合膜修饰玻碳电极(聚-o-PD-Tyr/GCE).研究发现聚-o-PD-Tyr/GCE在pH 6.8的磷酸缓冲溶液(PBS)中对抗坏血酸的电化学氧化具有催化作用,其氧化电位为0.35 V,比在裸玻碳电极上(0.58 V)降低了0.23 V,峰电流也明显升高.抗坏血酸在修饰电极上响应电流与其浓度在2.5×10-4～1.5×10-3mol·L-1范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3s/k)为43.64μmol·L-1.经修饰的电极保存在0.1 mol·L-1PBS中,可至少稳定5d.对5×10-4mol·L-1抗坏血酸溶液连续测定10次,测得此电极的相对标准偏差为3.2%.     

拉伸诱导的自修复铂配合物薄膜的发光变化

通过接枝含醛基的铂配合物Pt(N^C^N)Cl(N^C^N=1,3-二吡啶基苯)到聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)骨架上,制备了一种弹性橙红色薄膜(PDMS-PtL1)。PDMS-PtL1薄膜具有很好的拉伸性(高达1500%的应变),并表现出较好的室温自修复性能。此外,PDMSPt L1薄膜表现出有趣的拉伸诱导的发光变化,拉伸后可以检测到单分子态铂配合物的~3π-π*发射。该弹性薄膜有效避免了铂配合物发光淬灭的现象,并且实现了外力诱导的发射态转换。     

Chain‐extended,hydroxyterminated‐polybutadiene‐based polyurethaneureas: Synthesis,reaction kinetics,and properties

Hydroxyterminated‐polybutadiene‐based prepolyurethanes were prepared with two different catalysts, dibutyltindilaurate (DBTDL) and triethylamine (TEA); chain extension of the prepolyurethanes followed with two different aromatic diamines, oxydianiline and 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylsulfone, in various concentrations. The prepolyurethane synthesis followed second‐order kinetics, with the DBTDL catalyst showing better efficiency for urethane formation than TEA. TEA‐catalyzed synthesis suffered from the self‐association of isocyanates as a major side reaction, following second‐order kinetics with respect to isocyanate concentration. Although there was a gradual increase in the intrinsic viscosity during prepolyurethane synthesis in the presence of DBTDL, the intrinsic viscosity remained almost constant with the progress of the reaction in the presence of TEA. The tensile properties of prepolyurethane and polyurethaneureas synthesized in DBTDL‐catalyzed reactions were higher than the properties of those synthesized in TEA‐catalyzed reactions. The variation of the tensile strength with the diamine concentration was correlated with the crosslink density and sol fraction. The solubility of the hard segment of polyurethaneurea in the reaction medium appeared to be important in influencing the tensile properties. The effects of the diamine concentration (chain extender) on the diffusion coefficient and activation energy of diffusion of toluene in polyurethaneureas were studied. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 39: 2978–2992, 2001     

[SiZn(H2O)W11O39]6-在玻碳电极上的多层组装及电催化性能

采用循环伏安法研究一取代硅钨杂多酸在酸性水溶液中的电化学行为及pH的影响.制备了包含杂多酸[SiZn（H2O）W11O39]%6-（SiZnW11）和聚合物阳离子-聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵（PDDA）的多层膜修饰电极,研究了其电化学行为.逐层的循环伏安行为表明膜的增长均匀,峰电流随膜层数的增加而增加,与其在液中的氧化还原行为相比,多层膜中的SiZnW11显示出一些特殊的性质.对BrO3^-和NO2^-体系的还原具有良好的电催化性能.     

自掺杂基团对聚苯胺自组装膜电化学性能的影响

基于离子相互作用,实现了以聚苯胺(PANI)为聚阳离子,以聚(邻氨基苯甲酸)(PCAN)、聚(邻氨基苯磺酸)(PSAN)为聚阴离子的层-层自组装,形成层厚均匀的全共轭超薄功能膜.由于磺酸基—SO3-的电负性高于—COO-,使得PANI-PSAN自组装膜沉积量小于PANI-PCAN;电化学实验结果显示,由于PCAN和PSAN的导电性均弱于PANI,所以两种自组装膜的电化学性能取决于PANI,但同时受到羧酸、磺酸基团的较大影响,使得PANI-PCAN自组装膜的电化学性能要优于PANI-PSAN.     

Isomer‐dependent properties of poly(vinyl pyridine)‐based films grown on copper surfaces

The effect of poly(2‐vinyl pyridine) (P2VP) and poly(4‐vinyl pyridine) (P4VP) isomers on the growth of surface films on copper substrates was studied by electrochemical, spectroscopic, thermogravimentric, and microscopic methods. In acid environment (3% v/v acetic acid) and in the presence of KSCN, electrochemically generated copper cations reacted rapidly with SCN^? and P2VP or P4VP, yielding coordination compounds, which deposited onto copper surfaces as films. The characteristics of such polymer–metal complexes (films) were markedly isomer‐dependent. Cu(I)/P2VP/SCN^? complexes with monovalent cations and sulfur‐coordinated thiocyanate were obtained in the presence of P2VP, whereas the formation of Cu(II)/P4VP/SCN^? complexes with divalent cations and nitrogen‐coordinated thiocyanate was observed in the presence of P4VP. Interestingly, similar physical–chemical properties (electronic structure, stoichiometry, and thermal behavior) were observed for materials synthesized by electrochemical and chemical methods. These results suggest, therefore, that control over the surface properties of copper substrates can be achieved using electrosynthesized films based on different PVP isomers. Besides acting as effective protective barriers against aggressive media and thus reducing the metal dissolution (corrosion) kinetics, these materials are potentially attractive for other applications in which surface properties are paramount, such as in catalysis. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 215–225, 2009     

[SiNi(H2O)W11O39]6-多层组装膜修饰电极及其电化学行为

采用电化学生长法制备包含杂多酸[SiNi(H2O)W11O39]6-(SiNiW11)和聚合物阳离子PDDA的多层膜修饰电极, 利用循环伏安法研究其电化学行为、 pH的影响及其对BrO3-和NO2-体系还原的电催化性能;并对多层膜电化学过程机理进行了初步探讨. 结果表明: 多层膜的增长均匀, 峰电流随层数的增加而增加;多层膜的峰电流随扫速的增加而增加;还原峰的峰电位随pH的增加而负移.     

Atomic Layer Deposition of Cobalt Phosphide for Efficient Water Splitting

Transition‐metal phosphides (TMP) prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD) are reported for the first time. Ultrathin Co‐P films were deposited by using PH₃ plasma as the phosphorus source and an extra H₂ plasma step to remove excess P in the growing films. The optimized ALD process proceeded by self‐limited layer‐by‐layer growth, and the deposited Co‐P films were highly pure and smooth. The Co‐P films deposited via ALD exhibited better electrochemical and photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activities than similar Co‐P films prepared by the traditional post‐phosphorization method. Moreover, the deposition of ultrathin Co‐P films on periodic trenches was demonstrated, which highlights the broad and promising potential application of this ALD process for a conformal coating of TMP films on complex three‐dimensional (3D) architectures.     

聚谷氨酸修饰电极同时检测对苯二酚和邻苯二酚

以谷氨酸单体为初始试剂,利用电化学聚合方法制备得到聚谷氨酸修饰电极.考察了电化学聚合条件(电位、扫速及扫描圈数)对修饰电极的影响,运用电化学方法对所制备的修饰电极进行了表征.此修饰电极对对苯二酚和邻苯二酚的电化学氧化还原显示出很高的催化能力,显著降低了二者的氧化电位,改善了二者的电化学可逆性,同时增强了二者的氧化还原峰...     

Synthesis and properties of niobia films derived from niobium pentaethoxide

The hydrolysis of niobium pentaethoxide precursor in the presence of triethylamine (TEA) is discussed. Three precursors with TEA/Nb(OEt)₅ mole ratios of 0.25, 0.4 and 0.8 were prepared. Niobia colloids with different appearance were obtained after autoclaving the above precursors at 250°C during 12 h. The surface roughness and microstructure of niobia films prepared with the colloids by spread coating method are strongly dependent on the TEA/Nb(OEt)₅ mole ratio. At a value of 0.4 TEA/Nb(OEt)₅ mole ratio, a niobia film with large surface roughness can be achieved. It is opaque and mechanically stable and has differently ordered needle microstructure. The crystalline structure and photoelectrochemical property of niobia film with the largest surface roughness were examined. The effect of CO₂ gas bubbling, reflux and addition of 2-methoxyethanol on the hydrolysis of Nb(OEt)₅ and the nature of the Nb₂O₅ films is also discussed.     

LY12铝合金表面电化学沉积制备DTMS硅烷膜及其耐蚀性研究

采用电化学技术在LY12铝合金表面沉积制备了十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷(DTMS)膜. 反射吸收红外光谱表明, DTMS硅烷试剂与铝合金基体表面发生了化学键合作用, 生成—SiOAl键实现成膜. 通过对膜覆盖电极在质量分数为3.5%的NaCl溶液中的电化学阻抗谱(EIS)测试结果表明, 与开路电位下相比, 采用阴极电位沉积方法得到硅烷膜的耐蚀性能有明显提高, 且存在一个最佳“临界电位”, 在此电位下沉积得到的硅烷膜具有最高的耐蚀性. 扫描电镜观察结果表明, 在“临界电位”下制备得到的硅烷膜的结构最致密. 给出了硅烷膜覆盖电极的阻抗模型及相关参数的拟合结果.     

辣根过氧化物酶活性膜结构及生物电催化性能

通过分子沉积法研究了在聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）表面及金电极表面组装辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）/聚对苯乙烯磺酸钠（PSS）多层生物活性膜，用原子力显微镜(AFM)研究了组装膜的表面形貌，并研究了组装膜的形貌、粗糙度和活性关系.应用循环伏安法（CV）研究了组装HRP膜后电极对H2O2的电化学催化还原作用.实验发现，采用亚甲基蓝（MB）溶液为介质，在H2O2浓度为0.2～5.0 mmol•L－1时，其响应电流对H2O2浓度变化基本呈线性.