基于比较算法和单纯形法的电子枪快速设计方法

 采用比较算法快速寻找数据库中与目标导流系数相匹配的电子枪尺寸,采用缩尺法改变其尺寸到所要求的目标尺寸。考虑电子枪尺寸对注腰半径、导流系数、层流性等参数的影响,建立了评价电子注性能的目标函数,采用单纯形法优化目标函数实现最优的电子层流性,且基于比较算法和单纯形算法的设计方法具有通用性,工作效率高。     

8 mm二次谐波回旋速调管放大器双阳极磁控注入电子枪的设计

 计算了8 mm二次谐波回旋速调管双阳极电子枪的设计参数，根据这些参数，采用EGUN软件进行模拟和优化，设计出了一只双阳极磁控注入电子枪，该枪的电子束纵横速度比为1.45，速度零散为5.4%，并讨论了电极形状、磁场分布、电流、控制极电压和第二阳极电压对电子注性能的影响，结果发现电子注对这些影响因子非常敏感，设计中应对它们进行充分优化。     

回旋管单阳极电子枪计算机辅助设计

 根据回旋管对电子枪的要求，采用综合法和分析法设计了该单阳极磁控注入电子枪。编制了一套大型的计算程序，利用计算机辅助设计，给出了电极形状、电子轨迹与电子注参量。计算表明，这种电子枪具有速度零散小、层流性较好、体积小等特点。该枪已用于制管实验中。由热测实验表明，它具有明显的优点，并获得了127kW的峰值功率和超过10%的效率。     

低速度零散的双阳极磁控注入电子枪设计

根据0.14 THz共焦波导回旋行波管对电子枪的要求,完成了双阳极磁控注入电子枪的设计。使用PIC软件对理论设计得到的结构参数进行了模拟优化,最终得到该枪的电子注横纵速度比为0.75,纵向速度零散1.33%。讨论了电极形状、阴极磁场、控制极电压及发射电流对电子注性能的影响,结果表明,设计过程中应对它们进行充分的优化。     

W波段扩展互作用速调管电子光学系统

W波段扩展互作用速调管电子光学系统由皮尔斯电子枪与均匀永磁聚焦系统组成,用于电子注的产生与传输。利用Vaughan迭代综合法及数值模拟优化设计了皮尔斯电子枪,并按照电子注传输特性要求研制了均匀永磁聚焦结构。根据电子光学系统的三维模拟,导流系数0.21μP,注电流大于0.5A,注平均半径小于0.3mm,射程大于11mm。永磁聚焦磁场约0.33T,传输距离大于50mm,电子注通过率达到100%。电子枪与聚焦系统已加工完毕并通过测试,技术指标满足要求。     

0.6 THz三次谐波大回旋电子枪设计

基于会切磁场的理论模型,采用粒子模拟软件对0.6 THz三次谐波的太赫兹回旋管所需的大回旋电子光学系统进行研究。通过大量的模拟计算,分析讨论了不同参数对电子注的横向速度离散、纵向速度离散及横纵速度比的影响,优化了电子光学系统的性能参量,得到符合设计要求且具有工程实际应用的电子枪,该电子枪能够产生55 kV,1 A,横向速度离散为3.39%、纵向速度离散为7.10%、横纵速度比为1.53的大回旋电子注。     

0.22THz折叠波导行波管电子光学系统设计与实验研究

设计了一套0.22THz折叠波导行波管电子光学系统,详细介绍了电子枪和周期永磁聚焦系统的设计过程,在电子枪电子束束腰与磁系统不匹配情况下,对磁场过渡区进行了优化设计,以此为基础利用磁场仿真软件对磁场进行模拟和优化,并把磁场位形代入电磁仿真软件进行电子束传输仿真,优化后的电子光学系统发射束流10mA,阴极电压15kV,束流通过率96%。通过实验验证,流通管束流通过率93%,高频样管束流通过率94%,与设计相符。高频样管实现连续波运行,功率大于0.4 W,3dB带宽大于12GHz。     

单阳极磁控注入电子枪的设计

 该单阳极磁控注入电子枪是为8mm永磁包装回旋振荡管设计的。首先利用绝热理论和角动量守恒理论进行了初始的电极参数设计,其次讨论和选取数值计算方法,然后利用自编的程序进行数值计算和优化,同时讨论了空间电荷的影响和速度零散的改善,最终得到最佳的电极和电子注参数。该电子枪已经应用于制管实验中。     

行波管电子枪数值模拟设计的判定

 提出了采用数值软件模拟法进行行波管电子枪设计时对电子注质量好坏的判断准则：电子枪应具有更好的阴极表面电子发射密度均匀性、电子注层流性、注腰位置附近电子注径向密度分布均匀性及某百分比电子注包络曲线的光滑性等。利用编写的软件对某行波管电子枪进行数值模拟设计时,不断调整电子枪的结构,应用以上设计准则,通过对电子注质量进行判定和比较,得到了相对更符合设计要求的电子枪结构。     

回旋管双阳极磁控注入电子枪的设计

 根据回旋管对电子枪的要求,设计了该双阳极磁控注入电子枪。给出了电极形状、电子轨迹与电子注参量。这种电子枪具有速度零散小、层流性较好、体积小等特点。     

A COAXIAL MAGNETRON INJECTION GUN (CMIG) FOR A 2 MW, 170 GHz COAXIAL CAVITY GYROTRON

An electron gun (80 kV / 75 A) for a 170 GHz coaxial cavity gyrotron has been designed, fabricated and tested. Special care has been devoted to the design of the technical part of the electron gun in order to avoid trapping of electrons, which may result in a limitation of the high voltage performance due to built-up of a Penning discharge which may limit the high voltage performance. The performance of the electron gun and electron beam has been found to be well in agreement with the design objective. A stable operation up to I_b = 80 A and U_c = 80 kV has been obtained without any observable beam instabilities. No limitations in high voltage performance due to built-up of a Penning discharge occurred. The influence of the type of electron flow on gyrotron performance has been studied experimentally. The maximum output power has been obtained for an intermediate type of flow.     

220 GHz均匀永磁聚焦行波管电子光学系统的设计与实验研究

电子光学系统是行波管的核心部件之一,在太赫兹频段,电子束通道很小,导致高电流密度电子束的传输非常困难。基于220 GHz折叠波导行波管慢波结构设计所需束流参数,根据理论分析和电磁仿真软件,设计了一款采用均匀永磁聚焦对电子束进行约束的电子光学系统。仿真结果显示,当电子束通道直径0.3 mm、长度31 mm时,在阴阳极压差20 kV的条件下阴极发射电流141 mA,电子流通率100%。根据设计结果封接了流通管,实验结果显示,当阴阳极压差20 kV时,阴极发射电流138.5 mA,收集极电流125.5 mA,电子流通率91%。     

BEPCII电子枪系统设计

 BEPCII改进工程需要更高流强的电子枪。新电子枪系统的物理设计、机械设计、控制系统设计等均进行了描述。电子枪的设计发射电流在脉宽为1 ns时大于10 A，重复频率50 Hz。将会采用脉冲电源来为电子枪提供最高200 kV的脉冲高压。在设计阶段，电子枪的几何结构和束流传输过程利用计算机模拟进行了优化。EGUN和DGUN的计算结果表明导流系数为0.22 mA·V^-3/2，电子枪出口的发射度为16 p·mm·mrad。PARMELA的模拟结果表明束流能顺利地传输至第一根加速管末端，捕获效率为67%，出口的均方根发射度为25 mm·mrad。基于EPICS平台的电子枪控制系统设计也已完成，提供了全新的双脉冲运行模式和2.5 μs长脉冲运行模式。     

Multi-spectral antireflection coating on zinc sulphide simultaneously effective in visible,eye safe laser wave length and MWIR region

In recent years multi-spectral device is steadily growing popularity. Multi-spectral antireflection coating effective in visible region for sighting system, laser wavelength for ranging and MWIR region for thermal system can use common objective/receiver optics highly useful for state of art thermal instrumentation. In this paper, design and fabrication of antireflection coating simultaneously effective in visible region (450–650 nm), Eye safe laser wave length (1540 nm) and MWIR region (3.6–4.9 μm) has been reported. Comprehensive search method of design was used and the number of layers in the design was optimised with lowest evaluated merit function studied with respect to various layers. Finally eight-layer design stack was established using hafnium oxide as high index layer and silicon-di-oxide as low index coating material combination. The multilayer stack had been fabricated by using electron beam gun evaporation system in Symphony 9 vacuum coating unit. During layer deposition the substrate was irradiated with End-Hall ion gun. The evaporation was carried out in presence of oxygen and layer thicknesses were measured with crystal monitor. The result achieved for the antireflection coating was 85% average transmission from 450 to 650 nm in visible region, 95% transmission at 1540 nm and 96% average transmission from 3.6 to 4.9 μm in MWIR region.     

Dielectric-loaded wideband gyro-TWT

The bandwidth of a gyro-TWT (traveling-wave tube) can be widened by employing a dielectric-loaded waveguide to reduce the circuit's dispersion. Fast wave interaction allows the requirements on the beam's quality to be relaxed compared with slow wave interaction. A low-α (≡ν_⊥/ν_z) electron beam is chosen to avoid the absolute instability and minimize the possibility of dielectric charging. This device is investigated using a self-consistent single-mode, large-signal simulation based on a slow time scale formulation. Simulation results show that a constant drive bandwidth of 20% can be achieved for a 100 kV, 5 A electron beam with a velocity ratio of α=0.59 and an axial velocity spread of 2.0%. The growth rate is relatively low because of the low α of the electron beam. The design of a proof-of-principle experiment is described. The tube is expected to deliver a power of 80 kW from 9 to 11 GHz with 15% efficiency and a saturated gain of 30 dB. The performance of a single-anode magnetron injection gun designed to produce the required high-quality electron beam has been studied through simulation     

BEPCⅡ Positron Source

BEPCⅡ— an upgrade project of the Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPC) is a factory type of e^＋e^－ collider. The fundamental requirements for its injector linac are the beam energy of 1.89GeV for on-energy injection and a 40mA positron beam current at the linac end with a low beam emittance of 1.6μm and a low energy spread of ±0.5% so as to guarantee a higher injection rate (≥50mA/min) to the storage ring. Since the positron flux is proportional to the primary electron beam power on the target, we will increase the electron gun current from 4A to 10A by using a new electron gun system and increase the primary electron energy from 120MeV to 240MeV. The positron source itself is an extremely important system for producing more positrons, including a positron converter target chamber, a 12kA flux modulator, the 7m focusing module with DC power supplies and the support. The new positron production linac from the electron gun to the positron source has been installed into the tunnel. In what follows, we will emphasize the positron source design, manufacture and tests.     

W波段扩展互作用器件均匀磁聚焦电子光学系统

扩展互作用器件,采用三个线圈和一个磁极实现均匀磁场分布。根据理论计算采用有限元法磁学(FEMM)仿真软件对所求磁场进行了建模分析,依据FEMM计算的磁场结合静电电子枪,采用CST仿真软件对高电流密度、高压缩比的电子注在均匀聚焦磁场的作用下传输进行优化。经过计算得出,在工作电压为17 kV、阴极发射电流密度小于10 A/cm2的条件下,由皮尔斯电子枪发射的电子注在均匀磁场的聚焦作用下传输良好,通过率为100%,得到了导流系数为0.175μP的电子枪,在均匀磁场区形成了高电流密度、高压缩比的电子注,平均电流密度达到343.17 A/cm2,压缩比为32,电子注横纵速度比为7.2%。