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本报道了用单溶液超声波雾化MOCVD工艺在金属Ag基体上制备了YBCO超导膜的结果。将Y(TMHD)3、Ba(TMHD)2和Cu(TMHD)2按要求比例溶于四氢呋喃中,经超声波雾化,通过毛细管送入蒸发室,随即进入沉积室,在Ag基体上沉积YBCO。该技术有效地简化了CVD过程,提高了所制样品的再现性。XRD分析表明,YBCO膜具有较好的c-轴取和向单相性。 相似文献
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为了提高超声波测距精度,构建了基于AVR单片机的测距及数据处理系统。分析了超声波测距的原理,以AVR单片机为处理器设计了超声波产生和发射电路、超声波接收和信号处理电路以及温度测量和补偿电路等。针对温度对超声波速度的影响,根据超声波速度与温度的关系,设计了超声波速度补偿算法。为了提高回波时间测量准确性,减小随机噪声及空气中其他杂散播干扰的影响,采用均值数字滤波方法,对计数时间进行处理。实测结果表明,在3cm~400cm范围内,超声波测距系统测量数据准确,最大误差为0.66cm。 相似文献
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北京市新技术产业试验区的金星超声波应用技术研究所最近完成了VMOS大功率管超声波发生器及VMOS超声波清洗机。。其超声波功率从150W至1000W,频率为35KC和28KC,构成了新型的超声波清洗机系列。VMOS功率器件与晶体管比具有高开关速度、低开关损耗,低拖尾电流、对温度不敏感、无二次击穿,栅极电压激励所需信号功率小等优点,这使得VMOS超声波清洗机发生器可靠性高、效率高、体积小、重量轻。采用大功率VMOS器件制做超声波清洗 相似文献
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超声波是指频率高于20kHz的机械波。超声波的应用,在世界上仍然是一个较新的研究领域。19世纪末,科学家逐渐知道了超声波的某些基本性质,直至本世纪初,法国物理学家朗之万(P.Langevin)才开始将超声波应用于实际。他于1917~1918年,用超声技术探测德国潜水艇,获得成功。1927年,德国的一些科学家开始致力于超声波的生物学作用研究,其后一年,即试验用超声波治疗慢性耳聋;1938年起,德国医生逐渐用超声波治疗坐骨神经痛、神经丛炎、肌肉痛等,取得效果;1942年,还试用超声波作脑部探查。1949年召开了第一次国际医学超声会议,超声波从此在医药学的各个领域都有应用,并取得飞速发展,产生了超声 相似文献
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除垢超声波传播影响因素的理论研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从一维平面波理论入手分析了超声波声压分布特性。依据多普勒频移原理,在声场的运动方程,连续性方程,波动方程的基础上,建立一个超声波在流动的液体中传播的控制方程。根据轴对称模型的实际特点,简化了所得方程,并求出解析解。结果表明流动液体可以产生声波的衰减。液体的黏滞性是产生超声波衰减的重要原因。超声波的频率较高,液体的黏滞性对超声波衰减影响明显。依据黏滞力与速度梯度的关系,建立一个超声波在黏滞液体传播的控制方程,并依据边界条件求出解析解,反映了媒质黏滞性对超声波传播尤其是衰减特性的影响。 相似文献
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在种鸡蛋孵化过程中,部分种蛋由于未受精不能正常出雏,不但会造成大量浪费,还有可能引起霉菌感染其他种蛋,利用可见/近红外透射光谱分析技术可以对种鸡蛋中的受精蛋和无精蛋进行检测。为研究孵化初期无精蛋最佳的判别时间,本文通过对孵化环境下种鸡蛋品质随时间变化的研究,最终发现在孵化24h内的种鸡蛋品质还在新鲜状态,在72h后的种鸡蛋品质变为不可食用级别,最终发现36h内是最佳的判别时间。研制了基于可见/近红外透射光谱的静态采集系统,并使用该系统进行了光谱采集。对比同一品种不同样品及不同品种的光谱建模效果,剔除了由蛋黄与蛋壳颜色造成的样本光谱差异区域,选取的有效光谱波段为355~590和670~1 025nm。采用主成分分析法进行预处理,通过不同时间、不同主成分数建模效果的比较,确定最佳的主成分数。同时采用多元散射校正、附加散射校正、导数校正与主成分分析的光谱预处理方法在不同的建模方法下进行对比,并考虑到实际应用与最终的生产效益,建立了有效的判别模型。最佳判别模型为使用24h时采集光谱且采用主成分分析法进行数据预处理并使用Fisher算法建立的模型,判别准确率能达到87.18%。该研究为早期受精蛋与无精蛋的无损伤在线鉴别提供了一种新的方法。 相似文献
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《Magnetic resonance imaging》1996,14(6):673-677
The effect of a strong magnetic field on the egg hatching of Heliothis virescens (Tobacco bugworm) in a 7 Tesla field was studied, and apparent biological effects of the magnetic field were observed. On average of three batches of eggs in this study, the hatching of the eggs in the 7 T field was delayed about 21.7 ± 0.9 h and the hatching rate was reduced to about 58 ± 8% compared to those of eggs in 1.4 Gauss field. No apparent effect of the 1600 Gauss fringe field of the 7 T magnet on the egg hatching of Heliothis virescens was observed. 相似文献
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N. Takada A. Fujikawa N. Koshizaki K. Sasaki 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2013,110(4):835-839
We synthesized Au and ZnO nanoparticles by laser ablation in distilled water with the superposition of an ultrasonic wave. The effect of the ultrasonic wave was examined on the optical absorbance of colloidal solution and the crystallinity of synthesized nanoparticles. The absorbance of colloidal solution was enhanced by the ultrasonic wave, indicating more efficient production rate of nanoparticles. In addition, the ultrasonic wave enhanced the crystallinity of synthesized nanoparticles. These enhancements are attributed to the fact that the ultrasonic wave drives the repetitive formations and collapses of cavitation bubbles. 相似文献
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超声波在介质中传播时可以引起介质的折射率发生周期变化,当光波垂直于超声波的传播方向时,这种介质可以被用来作为光栅使用,称为超声光栅。当光波沿超声波的传播方向通过这种介质时,它还可以用作一维光子晶体,并称其为一维超声光子晶体(1D-USPC)。利用平面波法证明了一维超声光子晶体具有一般一维周期层叠结构光子晶体的禁带特征。同时这种光子禁带是可以通过超声波的波长和振幅来改变的,这就为控制光的行为方面提供另一种新的方法。 相似文献
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基于可见/近红外光谱和深度学习的早期鸭胚雌雄信息无损检测 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
胚蛋雌雄识别一直是家禽业发展的瓶颈问题,在禽肉生产过程中倾向于养殖雄性个体,而禽蛋生产产业倾向于养殖雌性家禽。若能在孵化过程中较早鉴别出种蛋的雌雄,不仅能够降低家禽孵化产业的成本,还能够提高禽蛋和禽肉生产行业的经济效益。该文以种鸭蛋为研究对象,为了在种鸭蛋孵化早期实现对种蛋的雌雄识别,构建了可见/近红外透射光谱信息采集系统,在200~1 100 nm的波长范围内采集了345枚孵化了0~8 d的种鸭蛋光谱数据。搭建了适用于种鸭蛋光谱信息的6层卷积神经网络(convolutional neural network, CNN),其中包括输入层、3个卷积层、全连接层与输出分类层。卷积层可以提取光谱中的有效信息,全连接层通过对卷积层提取的局部特征进行整合供输出层分类决策。另外在卷积神经网络中引入局部响应归一化和dropout操作能够加快网络的收敛速度。利用该卷积神经网络构建鸭胚雌雄信息识别网络,通过对比与分析不同孵化天数的识别效果,发现孵化7d的识别效果最佳。随后将孵化7 d的种鸭蛋原始光谱数据进行噪声去除,选取500~900 nm波段用于后续的特征波长选取和建模。分别运用了竞争性自适应重加权算法(CARS)、连续投影算法( SPA)与遗传算法(GA)选择能够区分鸭胚性别的波长点,将选取的特征波长转换为二维的光谱信息矩阵,二维光谱信息矩阵保留了一维光谱的有效信息,同时极大地方便了与卷积神经网络的结合。利用二维光谱信息矩阵和卷积神经网络相结合,实现孵化早期阶段鸭胚的雌雄识别。经检验,基于 SPA算法和CNN网络建立的模型效果较佳,其中训练集、开发集及测试集的准确率分别为93.36%,93.12%和93.83%;基于GA算法和CNN网络建立的模型效果次之,训练集、开发集及测试集的准确率分别为90.87%,93.12%和86.42%;基于CARS算法和CNN网络建立的模型的训练集、开发集及测试集的准确率分别为84.65%,83.75%和77.78%。研究结果表明基于可见/近红外光谱技术和卷积神经网络可以实现孵化早期鸭胚胎雌雄的无损鉴别,为后续相关自动化检测装置的研发提供了技术支撑。 相似文献
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该文针对我国高速铁路轨道板缺陷的非接触动态检测问题,研究了空气耦合超声兰姆波在轨道板中的传播规律。首先,给出了轨道板中超声兰姆波的相速度和群速度频散曲线,结果表明:随着频厚积的增加,频散现象越明显,并且A0相速度收敛于Rayleigh波的波速。然后,建立轨道板中波传播的有限元模型,计算得到兰姆波传播的群速度为2220 m/s,且二维傅里叶变换系数的较大值沿Rayleigh波的频散曲线分布。最后,在沪杭高铁嘉兴南站进行了现场测试,以8.8°倾斜角向轨道板激励产生超声兰姆波,激发产生的兰姆波模态群速度为2325 m/s,且二维傅里叶变换分析其系数的较大值沿Rayleigh波的频散曲线分布。有限元计算结果和实验结果均与理论计算结果一致。该研究为后续轨道板缺陷的非接触动态检测提供了理论依据和实验方法。 相似文献
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The generation of ultrasonic wave modes in thin-walled metal tubing has been investigated experimentally using piezoelectric ultrasonic probes. It is shown that the L(0, 1) mode, which is comparable to the A0 Lamb wave mode in flat plate, can be generated with acceptable efficiency. The L(0, 2) mode (compare the S0 Lamb wave mode) is generated rather less efficiently, while its greater group velocity tends to enhance the resolution problems so caused.The initial probe designs were inefficient in that a considerable amount of ultrasonic ‘noise’ was also present which could mask ultrasonic pulses of interest. This would be especially so for short range operation. An improved probe design reduced this background noise to a more acceptable level.The propagation of the L(0, 1) mode around a length of bent (U-form) tubing has also been investigated and it is shown that the ultrasonic pulse is both attenuated and lengthened, while structure has also been introduced. The theoretical implications of this are discussed. Finally a small amount of work is presented on the interaction of both modes with artificial defects. 相似文献
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《中国科学:物理学 力学 天文学(英文版)》2010,(7)
Changes(degradations) in the mechanical properties of solid plates induced by cyclic fatigue loading will influence the features of ultrasonic Lamb wave propagation,such as dispersion and attenuation.This paper has qualitatively analyzed the feasibility of using the amplitude-frequency characteristics and the stress wave factors(SWFs) of ultrasonic Lamb wave propagation to assess fatigue damage in solid plates.Liquid wedge transducers located on the surface of solid plates tested are used to generate and detect the Lamb wave signals.Based on the Ritec-SNAP ultrasonic measurement system,the experimental setup for assessing the degree of fatigue damage in solid plates using ultrasonic Lamb wave approach has been established.For several rolled aluminum sheets subjected to tension-tension cyclic loading,the experimental examinations have been performed for the relationships between the amplitude-frequency characteristics of ultrasonic Lamb wave propagation and the numbers of loading cycles(denoted by N),as well as the correlations between the Lamb wave SWFs and N.The experimental results show that the Lamb wave SWFs decrease monotonously and sensitively with the increment of cycles of fatigue loading.Based on the correlations between the Lamb wave SWFs and N,it is further verified that ultrasonic Lamb wave propagation combined with the Lamb wave SWFs can be used to effectively assess early fatigue damage in solid plates. 相似文献
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The ultrasonic wave velocities in a polycrystalline aggregate are sensitively influenced by texture development due to plastic deformation. According to Sayer's model, it is possible to construct ultrasonic pole figures via the crystallite orientation distribution function (CODF), which can be calculated by using ultrasonic wave velocities. In the previous papers, the theoretical modeling to simulate ultrasonic wave velocities propagating in solid materials under plastic deformation has been proposed by the authors and proved to be a good agreement with experimental results. Generally, wave velocities are dependent upon the propagating wave frequency; hence to evaluate texture development via ultrasonic pole figures it is necessary to examine an influence of frequency dependence on the ultrasonic wave velocities. In the present paper, the proposed theoretical modeling is applied to the texture characterization in polycrystalline aggregates of FCC metals under various plastic strain histories via ultrasonic pole figures, and also the frequency dependence is examined by using Granato-Lücke's dislocation strings model. Then the simulated ultrasonic pole figures are compared with the pole figures analyzed by the finite element polycrystal model (FEPM). The good qualitative agreement between both results suggests the sufficient accuracy of our proposed theoretical modeling. 相似文献