南下访“淇淇”

我国独有的长江淡水白鱀豚“淇淇”及其同种的发声和听觉的特性,包括它们所发射超声信号（的答声）和可听声信号（哨叫声）以及它们的听觉区域,也介绍了白鱀豚当前频临灭绝的处境。     

Going down south to visit

介绍我国独有的长江淡水白鱀豚“淇淇”及其同种的发声和听觉的特性,包括它们所发射超声信号(的答声)和可听声信号(哨叫声)以及它们的听觉区域,也介绍了白鱀豚当前频临灭绝的处境。     

蚱蝉听觉中间神经元对声信号特征编码的电生理研究

本文首次报道蚱蝉听觉系统中放电模式不同的两类中间神经元的阈值-频率关系曲线,及它们对声刺激信号的强度与时间特征的编码方式.它们的功能可能分别是简易的声强与时间编码器和声脉冲标记器.     

听觉计算模型在鲁棒性语音识别中的应用

利用听觉感知机理,建立一个基于听觉感知机理的语音信号特征提取模型。本文由两部分组成,一部分是在传统听觉计算模型基础上提出听觉倒谱特征AFCC（AnditoryFrequencyCepstralCoefficient）的提取方法,这样既压缩了特征维数,减小计算量,又使各个特征维之间相互独立,满足HMM模型的要求。并且根据听觉神经中枢的长时整合特性,文中提出了用低通滤波模型来模拟这种功能。结合该低通模型,提取的语音信号的听觉倒谱特征在HMM框架下取得较好的鲁律性。另一部分在研究听觉侧抑制机理的基础上,提出一个简单有效的听觉侧抑制处理模型。美尔倒谱特征MFCC谱特征经过该侧抑制模型处理,得到侧抑制美倒谱特征MFCCI,实验表明,该新特征MFCCI鲁棒性能比MFCC有大大提高。听觉倒谱特征AFCC经过该侧抑制处理得到侧抑制听觉倒谱特征AFCCI,实验表明,该新特征AFCCI鲁律性能比AFCC有大大提高。     

5.1通路环绕声的耳机虚拟重放

提出了一种改进的5.1通路环绕声的耳机虚拟重放信号处理方法。在对现有的信号处理方法进行分析,指出它会产生不自然主观听觉效果后,通过理论和心理声学实验证明,采用HRTF信号处理、环绕声信号去相关等方法,在克服普通耳机声重放的“头中定位”的缺点、虚拟出多环绕扬声器效果的同时,并未带来新的不自然听觉效果。因此信号处理方法可增加听觉上的包围感,从而改善耳机重放的主观听觉效果。     

二维信号分析法在超声无损检测中的应用

本文综述了近年来二维信号分析法在超声无检测（NDT）中的应用,其中包括二维快速Fourier交换（FFT）、Wigner-Ville分布（WWD）、Gabor变换（GT）和小波变换（WT）等,对它们自在NDT应用中的优缺点进行了分析比较和讨论。     

用于移动机器人听觉导航的光纤麦克风阵列研制

听觉感知是移动机器人不可或缺的功能,传统电声式麦克风灵敏度较低、易受电磁干扰,致使移动机器人听觉感知能力较差,使用受到很大限制。采用自制的Fabry-Perot干涉式（FPI）光纤麦克风代替电声式麦克风,在市售移动机器人平台上构建了四元十字型光纤麦克风阵列,设计了基于FPGA的信号处理与声源定位算法程序,实现了机器人听觉感知与被动式声导航功能。介绍了FPI光纤麦克风的工作原理,测试并比较其与市售驻极体麦克风的灵敏度;优化了基于FPGA的声达时差（Time Difference of Arrival,TDOA）定位算法,完成了移动机器人搭载声源定位系统的设计与集成。实验表明移动机器人搭载的光纤麦克风声源定位系统具有水平全向声源定位功能,在平均距离为6.60 m的情况下,室内定位方位角平均误差为1.54°、距离平均误差为0.09 m;室外定位方位角平均误差为1.84°、距离平均误差为0.16 m,具有较高的精确度与稳定性;且移动机器人均能准确到达声源处完成声导航功能,具有很强的实用性与广阔的应用前景。     

语音中相位的听觉感知实验研究

人的听觉对语音信号中相位的感知比较迟钝,因而对语音信号进行处理和编码时常常不关心相位失真。实际上,相位失真到一定程度时会明显导致语音质量的下降。为了取得高质量的声码器,语音谱分量的相位信息是不能不考虑的。本文通过主观听觉测试实验研究了语音信号的短时Fourier变换相位谱对人的听觉感知的影响。测试结果表明: (1)如果完全舍弃原相位信息,则得到的重建语音含有很强的噪声且自然度很差; (2)不论舍弃高频段还是低频段的相位信息,均能导致听觉感知差异; (3)当相位的量阶小于π/7时,人的听觉系统将分辨不出重建语音和原始语音之间存在的差异.     

人耳辨识非语言声目标能力的实验研究

以主观听觉测试实验为手段,研究人耳听觉系统辨识能力与声音特性、评价主体训练程度及噪声干扰的关系.实验结果发现：人耳辨识声音能力主要由声信号的谱时结构决定,人耳对于谐音信号的辨识能力明显强于非谐音,对于稳态信号的辨识能力略强于瞬态信号;评价主体的训练可以提高辨识效果及准确性,但与声音特性密切相关;不同的噪声干扰对人耳目标辨识能力的影响主要取决于声音频谱结构;比对测听方式能提高非受训人员的辨识准确性,但不影响受训人员的辨识效果. 关键词： 听觉系统 主观听觉测试 目标辨识     

基于听觉特性的舰船辐射噪声信号仿真

针对工程应用中对舰船辐射噪声信号仿真结果在听觉感受上模拟度欠佳的问题,建立了一种基于音色参量谱质心的辐射噪声仿真方法。采用基于实测谱的连续谱仿真模拟,并且通过整体对比实测信号的听觉特性来搜索符合特征样本音色的线谱族幅值参量,在一定程度上改善了仿真信号的听觉特征。通过仿真最优匹配度趋势来寻求最优搜索次数,用以缩短仿真时间,得到了符合工程应用的结果。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.