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核酸适配体因能与目标物特异性结合而被用作生物识别元件,广泛用于生物传感器的研究。基于适配体的比色生物传感器,因简便、经济且直观可视等特点,在环境保护、医疗诊断和食品安全等领域备受青睐。随着生物技术和纳米技术的迅速发展,结合不同显色途径和信号放大方法,已建立了多种操作简便、特异性强、灵敏度高的基于适配体的比色传感方法,为现场快速检测技术的发展提供了新思路和新选择。识别元件、信号探针及信号放大策略都是影响比色生物传感器准确性和灵敏度的重要因素,纳米材料和放大策略的选择及设计非常重要。本文主要基于酶催化和等离子体共振比色原理,介绍了近年来比色适配体传感器的研究进展,为高灵敏比色生物传感器的研究和应用提供参考。 相似文献
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近年来,以共轭聚合物作为生物传感元件,在生物大分子(如核酸、蛋白质)特异性识别、检测方面的研究越来越受到人们的关注。共轭聚合物具有强的光捕获能力,具有倍增光学响应性,可用来放大荧光传感信号,大大提高检测的灵敏度,为生物传感器的发展提供了新的传感模式。基于共轭聚合物的新型生物传感器在医疗诊断、环境检测以及国家安全防御等方面具有广泛的应用前景。本文简要介绍了共轭聚合物的荧光信号放大机制以及在蛋白质、酶、抗原-抗体检测方面的应用。最后对共轭聚合物在蛋白质检测方面的未来发展趋势进行了展望。 相似文献
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复杂生命体系中关键分子及微纳生物粒子的高灵敏、高特异检测, 对理解多层次多尺度生物学过程、阐明疾病发生发展机制和探索新型生物标志物等具有重要意义. 微流控生物传感器整合了微流控技术和生物传感技术的诸多优势, 在微量生物样本精准测量方面取得了显著进展. 近年来, 微流控热泳生物传感技术(Thermomicrofluidic biosensing)利用物质在局域温度梯度场中的热泳定向迁移现象, 并结合均相生物传感及信号放大新策略, 实现了复杂样本中生物分子及微纳生物粒子的快速、高灵敏、原位检测. 重点阐述了以热泳为核心的微流控传感技术, 包括微量热泳、热泳-对流耦合、热泳-扩散泳耦合以及热泳-电泳耦合等方法, 总结了不同传感方法的原理、特点及其在生物分子(蛋白、核酸等)与微纳生物粒子(细胞外囊泡、病毒、细胞等)检测中的应用, 并探讨了微流控热泳技术在生物医学检测领域中面临的挑战与未来发展方向. 相似文献
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赭曲霉毒素(Ochratoxin)是一类主要由曲霉菌和青霉菌产生的次生代谢产物,其中赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)的毒性最强。OTA相当稳定,常规的食品加工难以去除,若摄入受OTA污染的食品或药物会对人类造成严重的危害。实现对OTA的灵敏和快速检测是及早发现和处置OTA污染的关键。近年来,核酸适配体因其独特的优点,被作为抗体的替代物用于构建OTA电化学生物传感器。本文介绍了经典的OTA检测方法和基于适配体的电化学生物传感检测方法,从OTA电化学适配体传感器的适配体优化、新型材料应用以及生物信号放大技术的应用等三个方面总结了该生物传感技术的研究现状,并对其未来的发展进行了展望 相似文献
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纸基生物传感器由于其具有成本低、操作方便、生物可降解、识别元件用量低等优点,近年来受到了广泛的关注。其中,以功能核酸作为识别元件的纸基荧光生物传感器具有较高的灵敏度、瞬时响应以及实时检测等特性,在便携式传感设备方面展现出巨大的潜力。此外,将核酸作为识别元件的纸基无细胞蛋白合成平台,通过条件合成的报告荧光蛋白可实现对病毒、重金属等目标物的特异性检测,具有良好的应用前景。首先,本文介绍了基于核酸的纸基荧光生物传感器的设计,特别是基于核酸的识别元件与纸基材料的结合方式。其次,总结了基于核酸的纸基荧光生物传感器在临床诊断、食品安全检测、环境污染物检测等不同领域的最新研究进展,讨论了其优势与局限性。最后,探讨了基于核酸的纸基荧光生物传感器的发展方向与应用前景,以期为相关领域的研究提供参考。 相似文献
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随着核酸自组装领域的飞速发展,除了作为遗传信息的载体外,核酸成为了一种具有高操作自由度和无限可能性的功能材料.基于核酸自组装原理的DNA纳米技术凭借其强大的可编辑性已经广泛应用于生物传感、纳米材料工程、医学诊疗以及分子计算机等领域.纳米孔作为一种新兴的单分子分析技术具有高分辨、高通量、免标记等特点,近年来在基因测序、分子物理化学性质分析等领域展示出了极大的应用潜力.作为一种新型高分辨表征技术,纳米孔已经在DNA纳米技术研究中崭露头角,被用于原位追踪和分析核酸分子的自组装行为.另一方面,DNA纳米技术也为纳米孔传感所面临的技术瓶颈提供了更多样化的解决思路,如借助功能核酸(Aptamer或DNAzyme)和无酶扩增核酸分子线路实现纳米孔对待测物的特异性增敏检测.本专论旨在通过对近期纳米孔技术与核酸自组装的跨领域研究成果进行系统性回顾,总结并展望纳米孔传感领域内核酸自组装的研究进展,以期为单分子生物分析、信息检索、基因分型和临床诊断等领域提供新思路和新方法. 相似文献
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切割RNA的脱氧核酶(RNA cleaving DNAzyme, RCD)可在特定因子辅助下对RNA底物进行剪切,产生可被放大的检测信号,是一种既有信号识别元件又有信号输出单元的理想生物传感器。RCD可化学合成,易于修饰且稳定性高,已被用于构建检测有害物质的生物传感器,在环境监测领域中显示出应用前景;然而,相对于核酸适配体来说,人们对RCD的关注较少。本文针对重金属离子、有害细菌、传染性病毒核酸等环境领域关注的对象,综述了可用于检测这些目标的RCD的研究进展,并讨论其所面临的挑战,以期引起人们对RCD的研究兴趣,开发更多性能优异的RCD用于环境分析。 相似文献
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生物胺的含量是衡量食品卫生状况和药物纯度的重要标志之一,建立食品药品中生物胺的精准、灵敏检测具有重要的实际意义。该文基于核酸适配体置换生物胺信号源并结合荧光信号循环扩增的策略,建立了一种新型的同时检测鱼肉、猪肉和抗生素中4种生物胺的高效液相色谱法(HPLC)。首先通过两步信号置换,将无荧光信号的目标物转换为有荧光信号的核酸探针;再结合双链特异性核酸酶辅助信号扩增策略,获取大量不同长度和碱基序列的核酸探针;最后借助HPLC平台实现实际样品中多种生物胺信号的精确识别。文章研究了核酸探针的碱基序列和长度对出峰时间和前后顺序的影响,以提高荧光信号的区分度。通过正交实验探讨了柱温、流速和梯度洗脱过程、反应温度、孵化时间等对信号分离的影响,确定最优条件,提高信号的分离效率。该方法对目标物酪胺、组胺、精胺和色胺的检出限分别为0.25、0.21、0.27和0.19 pmol/L,线性范围为1 pmol/L~1 μmol/L。通过对硫酸大庆霉素、鱼肉和猪肉样品中生物胺含量进行检测,研究了该方法检测实际样品的可行性。该方法可精准识别、捕获和分离复杂基质样品中的生物胺组分,能有效提高对目标分析物的选择性,并降低实际样品中的基质干扰,有望为食品药品分析领域提供一种新的思路。 相似文献
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Dr. Hiromu Kashida Keiji Nishikawa Yuka Ito Dr. Keiji Murayama Ichiyo Hayashi Dr. Takahiro Kakuta Prof. Dr. Tomoki Ogoshi Prof. Dr. Hiroyuki Asanuma 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2021,27(59):14582-14585
Herein is reported a circularly polarized luminescent (CPL) probe that can respond to the chirality of nucleic acids. An achiral nanostructure was prepared by the hybridization of symmetric serinol nucleic acid (SNA) containing pyrene-modified residues. When chiral oligomers that were complementary to the SNA were added, they induced helicity into the SNA nanowire. Efficient circular dichroism (CD) signal amplification was observed when pyrene was attached to uracil bases through a rigid alkynyl linker. Both CPL and CD signals were observed; they depended on the chirality of the added acyclic threoninol nucleic acid (aTNA) oligomer. This system can be used to convert the chirality of chiral biomolecules into chiroptical signals. 相似文献
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细胞内原位信号放大策略是检测低丰度内源性目标物的有效手段, 但多数信号放大策略依赖于外源性辅助物, 不可避免地改变细胞内微环境, 进而对机体造成一定干扰. 针对此问题, 可利用细胞内源性物质(如金属离子、 核酸、 蛋白酶等)实现原位荧光信号放大, 对不同生物标志物进行荧光成像, 此方法对低丰度靶分子检测及成像具有重要意义. 本文对内源性物质辅助信号放大及细胞内荧光成像相关研究进行了归纳整理, 介绍了内源性核酸、 酶、 蛋白质、 三磷酸腺苷(ATP)和金属离子辅助信号放大策略, 并探讨了其信号放大机理; 总结了内源性物质辅助信号放大探针在低丰度物质检测及成像方面的研究进展; 最后展望了该策略在细胞成像方面的优势及应用前景. 相似文献
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Point-of-care (POC) genetic diagnostics critically depends on miniaturization and integration of sample processing, nucleic acid amplification, and detection systems. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays have extensively applied for the diagnosis of genetic markers of disease. Microfluidic chips for microPCR with different materials and designs have been reported. Temperature cycling systems with varying thermal masses and conductivities, thermal cycling times, flow-rates, and cross-sectional areas, have also been developed to reduce the nucleic acid amplification time. Similarly, isothermal amplification techniques (e.g., loop-mediated isothermal amplification or LAMP), which are still are emerging, have a better potential as an alternative to PCR for POC diagnostics. Isothermal amplification techniques have: (i) moderate incubation temperature leading to simplified heating and low power consumption, (ii) yield high amount of amplification products, which can be detected either visually or by simple detectors, (iii) allow direct genetic amplification from bacterial cells due to the superior tolerance to substances that typically inhibit PCR, (iv) have high specificity, and sensitivity, and (v) result in rapid detection often within 10–20 min. The aim of this review is to provide a better understanding of the advantages and limitations of microPCR and microLAMP systems for rapid and POC diagnostics. 相似文献
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Serum level of disease markers may provide important guidance for diagnosis and prognosis. In this work, a sensitive and specific method suitable for direct serum detection of biomarkers is developed based on peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-coupled DNA cycling reactions with dual amplification. In this method, PNA released from a target-triggered homogeneous DNA cycling is employed to initiate an interface DNA cycling, and both of the cycling reactions are based on polymerase-assisted strand displacement reaction. Consequently, two PNA-coupled DNA cycling steps can take place simultaneously in one-pot, leading to greatly enhanced limit of detection and simplified operation. This method has also been successfully applied for evaluating serum insulin in pregnant women as an indicator of gestational diabetes mellitus. So the application of this method in real bio-samples may allow it to hold considerable potential in clinical practice. In addition, since there is no requirement for specific sequence of aptamer, the strategy proposed can be extended for the detection of many other protein markers and peptide-hormones in the future. 相似文献
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A compact hand-held heated fluorometric instrument for performing real-time isothermal nucleic acid amplification and detection is described. The optoelectronic instrument combines a Printed Circuit Board/Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (PCB/MEMS) reaction detection/chamber containing an integrated resistive heater with attached miniature LED light source and photo-detector and a disposable glass waveguide capillary to enable a mini-fluorometer. The fluorometer is fabricated and assembled in planar geometry, rolled into a tubular format and packaged with custom control electronics to form the hand-held reactor. Positive or negative results for each reaction are displayed to the user using an LED interface. Reaction data is stored in FLASH memory for retrieval via an in-built USB connection. Operating on one disposable 3 V lithium battery >12, 60 min reactions can be performed. Maximum dimensions of the system are 150 mm (h) × 48 mm (d) × 40 mm (w), the total instrument weight (with battery) is 140 g. The system produces comparable results to laboratory instrumentation when performing a real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) reaction, and also displayed comparable precision, accuracy and resolution to laboratory-based real-time nucleic acid amplification instrumentation. A good linear response (R2 = 0.948) to fluorescein gradients ranging from 0.5 to 10 μM was also obtained from the instrument indicating that it may be utilized for other fluorometric assays. This instrument enables an inexpensive, compact approach to in-field genetic screening, providing results comparable to laboratory equipment with rapid user feedback as to the status of the reaction. 相似文献
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Hyou-Arm Joung Nae-Rym Lee Seok Ki Lee Yong Beom Shin Chang-Soo Lee Min-Gon Kim 《Analytica chimica acta》2008,630(2):168-173
A signal enhancing method allowing highly sensitive detection of E. coli 16s rRNA was developed using peptide nucleic acid (PNA) as a capture probe and a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor as a detector. 16s rRNA has been used as a genetic marker for identification of organisms, and can be analyzed directly without PCR amplification due to the relatively high number of copies. PNA has a neutral backbone structure, therefore hybridization with 16s rRNA results in the ionic condition being changed from neutral to negative. A cationic Au nanoparticle was synthesized and used for signal amplification by ionic interaction with 16s rRNA hybridized on the PNA probe-immobilized SPR sensor chip. This method resulted in a detection limit of E. coli rRNA of 58.2 ± 1.37 pg mL−1. Using this analytical method, Staphylococcus aureus was detected without purification of rRNA. 相似文献