粉煤灰制备高纯度NaX型沸石及去除废水中Pb~(2+)的研究

采用经碱熔融-离心提取处理的粉煤灰为原料,经水热反应法两步合成高纯度NaX型沸石。研究了溶液pH值、NaX型沸石的用量及初始摩尔浓度对模拟废水中Pb~(2+)去除效果的影响。结果表明,在25℃,pH值为5.5,NaX型沸石的投加量为1kg/m~3,吸附时间为30min时,对初始摩尔浓度为0.1~1mol/m~3的Pb~(2+)去除率均达到了99%以上。粉煤灰基NaX型沸石对Pb~(2+)的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温方程和准二级反应动力学过程。     

正交试验法优化合成沸石对水中Cr(Ⅲ)的去除条件研究

以粉煤灰为原料,采用水热晶化一步法合成沸石,通过XRD和SEM对合成产品进行表征,L9(34)型正交试验研究Cr(Ⅲ)的优化去除条件,对沸石解吸及循环利用的可能性进行评价。结果表明,合成产品为规则的菱形或多面体形NaP1型沸石,直径约为6μm。正交试验表明水中沸石对Cr(Ⅲ)去除影响的主次顺序为Cr(Ⅲ)浓度、反应时间、溶液pH值和沸石加入量,较优水平组合为Cr(Ⅲ)浓度10mg/L、反应时间15min、溶液pH值2和沸石加入量1.5g/L,Cr(Ⅲ)的平均去除率为95.51%。可以使用蒸馏水和HCl洗脱沸石,达到沸石循环利用及洗脱液回用的目的。     

改性沸石处理含铅废水的试验研究

采用沸石为吸附材料,研究其对废水中Pb2+的吸附作用和机理。研究了吸附剂用量、搅拌时间、pH值以及废水浓度等因素对吸附效果影响的探讨。试验结果表明,利用KCl改性后的沸石0.4g,在pH值为8~9的条件下,处理100mL Pb2+质量浓度为10.11mg/L的废水25min,废水中的Pb2+去除率最高可达99.60%,剩余浓度为0.05mg/L,远低于国家污水综合排放标准(GB8978-1996)的一级标准。     

新型Mg-Al吸附剂去除压水堆核电厂废水中高浓度硼

通过特定的焙烧过程制备了不含碳酸根的Mg-Al型层状双金属氧化物. 该层状双金属氧化物在废水中可水解为层状双金属氢氧化物, 从而能够通过四级串联吸附处理的方式将模拟核电厂含硼废水中的硼浓度由初始的2000 mg/L显著降低至10 mg/L, 满足内陆拟建核电厂需要将含硼废水硼浓度处理至30 mg/L以下的技术要求. 在pH=10.61, 固液比为1/40 g/mL, 吸附温度为20 ℃条件下, 吸附剂的硼吸附量可高达39.64 mg/g. 此外, 还在分子层次上讨论了中间氧化物的形成机理以及其水解生成层状双金属氢氧化物的机理, 探讨了核电厂高浓度含硼废水的pH值、 初始硼浓度、 吸附剂用量和搅拌时间等条件对吸附剂硼吸附性能的影响.     

淀粉黄原酸酯的合成及应用研究

本文研究了不溶性交联淀粉黄原酸酯(ISX)的合成及应用(处理含锌废水),探讨了几种主要因素对锌离子去除率的影响(不溶性交联淀粉黄原酸酯的用量、反应溶液pH、反应时间等因素)。试验结果表明:在ISX加入量为理论用量的1.3倍、pH值控制在9左右、室温条件下,锌离子去除率可达98%以上,处理后的废水中锌离子质量浓度为0.2 mg/L,达到国家排放标准(0.5 mg/L)。     

粉煤灰合成Na-P1沸石去除饮用水中氟的研究

采用水热法合成了Na-P1型粉煤灰沸石,改性后用于去除饮用水中的氟离子。研究了吸附时间、沸石用量、氟离子浓度对除氟率的影响,探讨了沸石除氟的吸附机理。研究表明,将粉煤灰沸石用1.0%的NaOH溶液浸泡12 h,然后用2.0%的硫酸铝钾溶液浸泡36 h活化,能够明显提高其吸附除氟能力。在考察的范围内,除氟率随吸附时间的延长和沸石用量增多而增加。吸附等温线拟合结果表明,吸附除氟过程符合Langmuir吸附等温式。     

MSCB吸附剂去除水体中Ni~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、Cr(Ⅵ)的机制研究

以NaOH和二硫化碳对甘蔗渣进行了改性,通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)对改性蔗髓纤维(MSCB)进行表征并研究了MSCB去除水中Cr(Ⅵ)、Ni~(2+)、Cu~(2+)的性能。结果表明,MSCB吸附重金属离子的平衡时间为30~60 min,处理含Cr(Ⅵ)浓度在10~40 mg/L范围内的废水去除率达97%以上,比改性前蔗髓纤维(SCB)对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附率(23.7%)提高了74.35%。对含Ni~(2+)浓度30~60 mg/L的废水去除率达98%以上,吸附容量达59.12 mg/g、对Cu~(2+)浓度在20~55 mg/L废水的去除率在90%以上,吸附容量达49.9 mg/g。对电镀废水中Cr(Ⅵ)处理率达96.69%,吸附量8.16mg/g,出水浓度0.93 mg/L;Ni~(2+)去除率达99.13%,吸附量51.89 mg/g,出水浓度1.06 mg/L,水质澄清。     

SDS改性沸石对碱性品红的吸附性能研究

通过静态实验探讨了表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）改性沸石吸附碱性品红的影响因素。实验结果表明在投入量为8 g/L、吸附时间为45 min、p H值为6、温度为25℃时,对初始质量浓度100 mg/L碱性品红溶液的去除率可达到96.16%,吸附量为12.02 mg/g;SDS改性沸石吸附碱性品红的吸附性能符合Langmuir型吸附等温线和一级反应动力学模型的特征;热力学分析结果表明,吸附符合自发吸热过程。     

盐改性沸石处理低浓度含Cu~(2+)模拟废水的研究

沸石是一种经济、高效和环境友好的材料,具有吸附、离子交换与催化性能,可作为一种水处理材料用于控制环境污染。本论文探讨了利用盐改性沸石处理低浓度含Cu2+模拟废水的主要影响因素,包括处理时间、改性沸石用量、p H值、废水浓度和处理温度。实验结果表明,用2mol/L Na Cl改性的沸石1.2g处理100.0m L Cu2+质量浓度为10.44mg/L的模拟废水50min,最高去除率达到96.84%,Cu2+剩余浓度为0.33mg/L,处理效果达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)一级标准。     

改性香蕉皮对Pb2+的吸附研究

分别探讨了香蕉皮改性以及改性香蕉皮吸附Pb2+的主要影响因素。改性试验结果表明,香蕉皮的最佳改性剂为体积比为5:1的乙醇与乙酸混合溶液。通过正交试验得到最佳吸附条件为:Pb2+初始浓度20mg/L,pH=5,吸附剂用量为0.7g,吸附时间为70min,其中pH值和Pb2+初始浓度是影响Pb2+去除率的两个主要因素。在此条件下,当搅拌速率为150r/min时,100mL模拟废水中Pb2+去除率达到97.8%,吸附后残留的Pb2+浓度仅为0.46mg/L,达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)中的一级标准。等温吸附实验表明,改性香蕉皮对Pb2+的吸附用亨利等温方程拟合较好。     

O-羧甲基壳聚糖纳米微粒制备及对Ni~(2+)吸附研究

将壳聚糖与氯乙酸反应,通过控制反应条件制备了取代度为0.71的O-羧甲基壳聚糖,将改性后的O-羧甲基壳聚糖与多聚磷酸钠反应,制备了粒径分布在370-710nm的O-羧甲基壳聚糖纳米微粒,透射电镜观察表明该微粒呈球状,平均粒径为450nm.在此基础上研究了O-羧甲基壳聚糖纳米微粒对工业电镀镍废水Ni~(2+)吸附性能,考察了溶液pH、Ni~(2+)起始浓度、平衡吸附时间、粒径等因素的影响,结果表明:O-羧甲基壳聚糖微粒最佳吸附条件是Ni~(2+)溶液pH为8.0、Ni~(2+)溶液起始浓度为33.28mg/ml、平衡吸附时间为0.5h、粒径较小的O-羧甲基壳聚糖纳米微粒对Ni~(2+)的吸附量要大于粒径较大的吸附量.     

浮石负载壳聚糖吸附去除水中丙溴磷

通过浮石负载壳聚糖制备了吸附剂壳聚糖/浮石复合物,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重分析(TGA)、元素分析、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线荧光光谱(XRF)等技术手段表征了吸附剂性质,考察了吸附剂量、吸附时间、溶液pH值、离子强度和温度对该吸附剂吸附去除水中丙溴磷的影响,研究了再生吸附剂的吸附性能。结果表明,负载在浮石上的壳聚糖占吸附剂总量的8.69%;在p H值3.0~7.0内,壳聚糖/浮石对丙溴磷的吸附率大于90%;这种吸附剂对丙溴磷的吸附受溶液离子强度影响较小,随温度升高而稍微减小。在溶液温度25℃、pH=7.0、丙溴磷浓度40 mg/L、壳聚糖/浮石剂量为0.7 g/L和吸附平衡时间为90 min条件下,此吸附剂对丙溴磷最大吸附率为93.3%(最大吸附量为53.4 mg/g)。壳聚糖/浮石连续经过3次吸附/再生循环,每次循环对丙溴磷的吸附率下降约12%。可见壳聚糖/浮石通过吸附可有效地去除水中的农药丙溴磷。     

Simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate by zeolite synthesized from fly ash as influenced by salt treatment

To develop an effective technique for enhancing the removal efficiency of ammonium and phosphate at low concentrations without losing potential removal capacity, Na-ZFA (zeolite synthesized from fly ash) was converted into Ca-, Mg-, Al-, and Fe-ZFA by salt treatment and the simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate by ZFA saturated with different cations was investigated. It was shown that Al3+-ZFA had the highest removal efficiencies (80-98%) for ammonium, followed by Mg2+ (43-58%), Ca2+ (40-54%), Na+ (<20%), and Fe3+ (<1%). Both alkaline pH values (in the cases of Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+) and acidic pH value (in the case of Fe3+) inhibited the sequestration of ammonium. At low initial phosphate concentrations, the efficiency of phosphate removal by Al3+- and Fe3+-ZFA approached 100%, followed by Ca2+ (60-85%), Na+ (<25%), and Mg2+ (<5%). The difference in phosphate removal efficiency was explained by the adsorption mechanisms. It was concluded that ZFA could be used in simultaneous removal of NH4+ and phosphate at low concentrations with presaturation by an appropriate cation such as Al3+ through salt treatment.     

N-硫代酰基硫乙酸功能化三乙撑四胺交联PVC树脂的制备及对Hg~(2+)的吸附

以聚氯乙烯为原料依次与四乙烯五胺、CS_2和ClCH_2COONa反应合成了一种新的含N、O、S的N-硫代酰基硫乙酸功能化三乙撑四胺交联聚氯乙烯螯合树脂,树脂结构经红外分析和元素分析表征. 探讨了在不同pH值、Hg~(2+)初始浓度、吸附温度和时间等条件下合成树脂对Hg~(2+)的吸附性能. 结果表明,螯合树脂对Hg~(2+)有较快的吸附速率,pH值约为2.0时,树脂对Hg~(2+)的吸附效果最好,随温度升高吸附量逐渐增大. 温度在35 ℃、Hg~(2+)起始浓度为17.66 mmol/L时,树脂对Hg~(2+)的吸附量可达3.330 mmol/g. 树脂对Hg~(2+)的吸附符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温式. 用0.2 mol/L HNO3-10%硫脲对吸附后的树脂进行洗脱,脱附率达99.20%.     

Fabrication of PANI@Fe–Mn–Zr hybrid material and assessments in sono-assisted adsorption of methyl red dye: Uptake performance and response surface optimization

In recent decades, industrial wastewater discharge containing toxic or hazardous manufactured dyes has risen tremendously, creating a serious environmental threat. A new hybrid adsorbent, [email protected]–Mn–Zr synthesized by mixing Fe–Mn–Zr metal oxide composite with polyaniline (PANI), was used to study methyl red (MR) dye removal from aqueous solution. The adsorption process was observed to be influenced by the sonication time, dose of [email protected]–Mn–Zr, and initial concentration of MR dye. At an initial MR dye concentration of 25 mg/L, 0.25 g/L of [email protected]–Mn–Zr dose, 15 min of sonication, and pH 7.0, the maximum MR dye adsorption efficiency of 90.34% was achieved. Kinetic analysis was performed using five different kinetic models, which shows that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model had the best fit among the five models. The Langmuir isotherm best fits the adsorption experiments at pH 7.0, yielding a significant MR dye uptake capacity of 434.78 mgg^?1. The most significant adsorption mechanisms that have been observed in uptake of MR dye onto [email protected]–Mn–Zr were electrostatic attraction, π-π bond interactions and hydrogen bonding. Response surface optimization study was performed for optimizing the experimental conditions from which maximum dye removal of 98.19% was obtained at contact time of 12 min, initial MR dye concentration of 15 mg/L and [email protected]–Mn–Zr dose of 0.4 g/L. Use of real wastewater and water samples suggest that there is only 6–19% reduction in the dye removal efficiency as compared to the blank or controlled experiments conducted with deionized water.     

Biosorption of lead from aqueous solution by seed powder of Strychnos potatorum L.

In the present study, Pb(II) removal efficiency of Strychnos potatorum seed powder (SPSP) from aqueous solution has been investigated. Batch mode adsorption experiments have been conducted by varying pH, contact time, adsorbent dose and Pb(II) concentration. Pb(II) removal was pH dependent and found to be maximum at pH 5.0. The maximum removal of Pb(II) was achieved within 360 min. The Lagergren first-order model was less applicable than pseudo-second-order reaction model. The equilibrium adsorption data was fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models to evaluate the model parameters. Both models represented the experimental data satisfactorily. The monolayer adsorption capacities of SPSP as obtained from Langmuir isotherm was found to be 16.420 mg/g. The FTIR study revealed the presence of various functional groups which are responsible for the adsorption process.     

Study of congo red adsorption on the polyaniline and polypyrrole

Polyaniline (PANI) and polypyrrole (PPY) were synthesized via in situ chemical oxidative polymerization and are used as adsorbents for removal of Congo Red (CR) dye from aqueous solution. The effects of various experimental parameters including pH of the solution, contact time, initial concentration, adsorbent dosage, and temperature on adsorption of CR by PANI and PPY were systematically investigated. The experimental results showed that the adsorption efficiency was increased with contact time and adsorbent dosage. The maximum removal efficiency was found after 45 minutes of solid/liquid contact with adsorbent doses of 0.4 and 1.73?g/L for PANI and PPY, respectively. The kinetic data were best fitted by the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption equilibrium results were well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm model. These results suggest that the PANI and PPY can be used as alternative adsorbents for the treatment of wastewaters containing dyes.     

Efficient multicyclic sorption and desorption of lead ions on facilely prepared poly(m-phenylenediamine) particles with extremely strong chemoresistance

Nitric acid, hydrochloric acid and EDTA were carefully chosen as desorbent to systematically evaluate the adsorption/desorption performance of the Pb(2+)-adsorbing fine microparticles of poly(m-phenylenediamine). The sorption/desorption efficiency was maximized by optimizing desorption condition including the desorbent concentration, contact time, and desorption mode. The variation of the solution pH with Pb(2+) desorption was recorded to speculate the desorption mechanism. The practical reusability of the microparticles was elaborated through the sorption-desorption cycle experiments in an optimum condition. It was found that the desorption was very rapid with an equilibrium time of several minutes. A strong dependence of the desorbability on the species and concentration of the desorbents was observed. When 20 mM EDTA was chosen as the desorbent, the highest desorptivity was up to 94.2% that was much higher than those using nitric and hydrochloric acids. A successive sorption-desorption study employing nitric acid indicated that the microparticles could be simply regenerated and reutilized for more than 5 cycles together with Pb(2+) re-adsorption efficiency of about 50% and accumulative Pb(2+) adsorption capacity of up to 720.4 mg L(-1). Facilely prepared, extremely chemoresistant and cost-effective PmPD microparticles would be potentially used for multicyclic sorption of lead ions from aqueous solution.     

Synthesis of calcium alginate nanoparticles for removal of lead ions from aqueous solutions

Calcium alginate nanoparticles (CANPs) were synthesized to remove lead ion [Pb(??)] as pollutant of environment from aqueous solutions. The produced CANPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), particle size analysis (PSA) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Various factors, which affected adsorption efficiency of lead ions by CANPs, such as pH (pH from 1 to 8), initial ions concentration (in the range of 25 to 125 mg L^–1), contact time (varying from 5 to 120 min), and adsorbent dose (50 to 500 mg L^–1), were investigated for determination of optimum experimental conditions. The result of tests showed that the investigated factors had significant effects on adsorption of Pb(??) ions and the maximum adsorption percentage of lead at pH = 6~7, 25 mg L^–1 initial ions concentration, contact time of more than 140 min. and for adsorbent dose at 500 mg L^–1. Also these results demonstrated the effective adsorption of Pb²⁺ ions by synthesized CANPs that occurred due to a high surface area of CANPs and the presence of anionic carboxylate functional groups and allowed effective absorbing and removing Pb(??) ions from aqueous solutions. Thus, these nanoparticles were able to remove over 99% of lead ions from solution.     

原子吸收光谱法测定改性梨渣吸附Pb(Ⅱ)的研究

通过原子吸收光谱法研究了在不同pH、吸附剂量、Pb2+浓度和吸附时间条件下磷酸酯化改性梨渣吸附Pb2+的行为。结果表明:溶液初始pH 4.2时,Pb2+的吸附达到最大值;酯化梨渣≥10 g/L能除去Pb2+为30 mg/L溶液中的91%的Pb2+。酯化梨渣对Pb2+的吸附符合Langmuir等温模型,其最大吸附能力为43.99 mg/g。Pb2+达到吸附平衡的时间为40 min,准一级反应动力学方程可描述酯化梨渣对Pb2+的吸附过程。