作物垄作的数学模型

应用高等数学中对面积的曲面积分等方法,建立了垄作种植中半椭圆形、抛物线型和三角形垄的数学模型,比较了不同垄形、垄宽、垄高在增加单位土地表面积和突出地面垄体体积的效果.     

关于对坐标的曲面积分的一种算法

在高等数学中,计算对坐标的曲面积分时,要把积分曲面投影到坐标面上.由于积分曲面是有向的,且被积函数要在积分曲面上取值,所以计算起来比较困难.特别,对坐标y、z;z、x;x、y的三种曲面积分都在积分表达式中时,运算将会更困难些,下面介绍一个计算公式,利用此公式,有时可以使计算简便.     

第二型曲面积分的参数形式计算

给出"第二型曲面积分"的一种计算方法,即在曲面的参数形式下直接将曲面积分转化成参数区域上的一个二重积分,由此可使"第二型曲面积分"的计算问题得到简化.此法是对菲赫金哥尔茨《微积分学教程》所给"第二型曲面积分的参数形式计算"的一个改进.     

一类曲面积分的简单计算与推广

第一类曲面积分的积分表达式具有如下特点时:(1)积分曲面是可求曲面面积的曲面;(2)被积函数是单变量函数或可化为单变量函数的函数,利用积分元素法,能将其直接化为定积分计算,这种简单的算法还可以推广到计算具有类似特征的三重积分.     

一道考研题的反思

本文利用二重积分的变量变换和欧拉积分推导了曲面ax2 m+by2n+cz2p=1(m,n,p∈N+,a,b,c0)所围立体的体积公式.     

第一类曲面积分的一类特殊解法

对一些特殊曲面(如柱面、旋转曲面)上的第一类曲面积分,转化为二重积分的基本方法可能非常复杂,用类似计算三重积分的平行截面法能更简洁地解决此类问题.     

曲线曲面积分中利用对称性及曲线曲面方程化简

证明了曲线曲面积分中有关对称性的两个命题,并举例说明了命题结论在一些特殊类型曲线曲面积分计算中的应用.还探讨了在对坐标的曲线积分及曲面积分中利用曲线方程或曲面方程化简的问题.     

R~(n+1)中常高阶平均曲率超曲面

本文给出了Rn+1中超曲面的一些积分公式,并利用这些积分公式得到了以球面为边界的常高阶平均曲率超曲面的一些唯一性结果.     

旋转曲面面积的曲线积分表示

利用旋转曲面方程,以及曲面积分和曲线积分的计算方法,可将旋转曲面的面积通过第一型曲线积分表示出来并进行计算.     

多角形区域上的数值积分的龙贝算法与积分方程的分裂外推解法

本文分两部分,前一部分论述多角形区域上数值积分的龙贝方法;后一部分提供多角形区域上积分方程 Nystr(?)m 解的分裂外推方法.由于多角形总可以分成有限个三角形,故仅需要研究三角形区域上数值积分方法.设Δ是给定的三角形,考虑其上积分J=integral from Δ f(y)dy,(1)这里,y=(y_1,y_2),f(y)=f(y_1,y_2),并且下文总是用希腊字母 α,β 等表示二重指标集.为了建立(1)的求积公式,我们采用逐次加密剖分Δ,即 k 次加密是连接第 k-1 次加密剖分的诸三角形每边中点得到.由此经过 s 次加密后Δ被分成4~s 个全等三角形:Δ=sum from i=1 to 4~s Δ_i.又令Δ~h=1/(4~s)measΔ.我们来构造两种数值积分公式:类矩形公式     

Bridge position and the representativity of spatial graphs

In this paper, we consider closed surfaces which contain spatial graphs. In the case that a closed surface is a 2-sphere, we show that the 2-sphere can be isotoped so that it intersects a bridge sphere for the spatial graph in a single loop. In the case that a closed surface is not a 2-sphere, we define an invariant of a spatial graph by counting the number of intersection of a compressing disk for the closed surface and the spatial graph. By using this invariant, we give a lower bound for the bridge number of a spatial graph.     

Nyström discretization of parabolic boundary integral equations

A Nyström method for the discretization of thermal layer potentials is proposed and analyzed. The method is based on considering the potentials as generalized Abel integral operators in time, where the kernel is a time dependent surface integral operator. The time discretization is the trapezoidal rule with a corrected weight at the endpoint to compensate for singularities of the integrand. The spatial discretization is a standard quadrature rule for surface integrals of smooth functions. We will discuss stability and convergence results of this discretization scheme for second-kind boundary integral equations of the heat equation. The method is explicit, does not require the computation of influence coefficients, and can be combined easily with recently developed fast heat solvers.     

An elliptic K3 surface associated to Heron triangles

A rational triangle is a triangle with rational sides and rational area. A Heron triangle is a triangle with integral sides and integral area. In this article we will show that there exist infinitely many rational parametrizations, in terms of s, of rational triangles with perimeter 2s(s+1) and area s(s²−1). As a corollary, there exist arbitrarily many Heron triangles with all the same area and the same perimeter. The proof uses an elliptic K3 surface Y. Its Picard number is computed to be 18 after we prove that the Néron-Severi group of Y injects naturally into the Néron-Severi group of the reduction of Y at a prime of good reduction. We also give some constructions of elliptic surfaces and prove that under mild conditions a cubic surface in P³ can be given the structure of an elliptic surface by cutting it with the family of hyperplanes through a given line L. Some of these constructions were already known, but appear to have lacked proof in the literature until now.     

On the integral invariants of a closed ruled surface

Summary In this paper, it is shown that the dual integral invariant of a closed ruled surface, the dual angle of pitch, corresponds to the dual spherical surface area described by the dual spherical indicatrix of the closed ruled surface. So, new geometric interpretations of the real angle of pitch and the real pitch of a closed ruled surface, and some results are given.     

Convergence of a numerical scheme of the type of the vortex loop method on a closed surface with an approximation to the surface shape

We consider a linear integral equation with a hypersingular integral treated in the sense of the Hadamard finite value. This equation arises when solving the Neumann boundary value problem for the Laplace equation with the use of the representation of the solution in the form of a double layer potential. We study the case in which an exterior or interior boundary value problem is solved in a domain whose boundary is a smooth closed surface and the integral equation is written out on that surface. For the numerical solution of the integral equation, the surface is approximated by spatial polygons whose vertices lie on the surface. We construct a numerical scheme for solving the integral equation on the basis of such an approximation to the surface with the use of quadrature formulas of the type of the method of discrete singularities with regularization. We prove that the numerical solutions converge to the exact solution of the hypersingular integral equation uniformly on the grid.     

Boundary integral equation method in thermoelasticity part III: uncoupled thermoelasticity

This paper presents conversion of the volume integral of temperature gradients to a surface integral in the integral formulation of boundary value problems of uncoupled thermoelasticity. Particular classes of problems such as thermal stresses, quasi-static problems of uncoupled thermoelasticity, and stationary problems of thermoelasticity are considered. The improved formulation makes numerical computation more accurate and less formidable. The integral formulations in uncoupled thermoelasticity are given in the Laplace transform domain as well as in the time domain.     

On an algorithm for calculating diffraction integrals

An algorithm for calculating integrals of rapidly oscillating functions given on a smooth two-dimensional surface is proposed. The surface is approximated by a collection of flat triangles with the values of the integrand known at their vertices. These values are used as reference ones to extend the function to other points of a triangle. The integral of the extended function over the surface of a triangle is calculated exactly. The desired value of the full diffraction integral is determined as the sum of the integrals calculated over the surfaces of all triangles. The resulting formulas for integral calculation involve singularities (indeterminate forms). Much attention is given to representations of these formulas in such a way that the indeterminate forms are automatically evaluated. Numerical results are presented.     

關閉撓曲線的全曲率

<正> §1.引言.大家知道,微分幾何學所討論的一般是關於圖形的局部性質.但是這些局部性質與圖形的整個性質間常存在有某些關係.討論圖形的整個性質的微分幾何學叫做整體性的.關於整體性微分幾何學有這樣的一個著名定理:設一關閉撓曲線C     

Closed-form evaluations of certain definite integrals by employing the Cauchy integral theorem

It is shown in this paper, by making use of contour integration and the Cauchy integral theorem, that two general families of definite integrals can be evaluated in closed form and are expressible only in terms of the Hurwitz zeta function and elementary functions. In addition, a number of interesting (known or new) special cases and consequences of the main results are considered and some comparison with results of symbolic computation is made.