一种散光图象双折射相移的方法

由Pindera等提出了等达因法导出了平面问题的三个应力分量，可以非破坏性测取受力物体内部的应力状态，是一种有效的光测技术，应力分量与等达因条纹级次的导数相关，为得到具有高测试精度的应力分量在等达因条纹测试中引入了双折射相移技术，文中提出了一种在散光激光入射光路中用加入一可调偏振片和一可调1／4波片实现散光图象双折射相移的方法，该方法设备简单，能保证总体光强的一致性。     

双折射材料初应力的定量研究相移等达因技术的应用

文章提出两种用相移等达因技术对存在于双折射材料内部的初始应力进行定量分析的方法，并以两种常用的双折射材料Ｐ６和Ｈｏｍａｌｉｔｅ１００为例进行了内部初应力的实验研究，给出了材料内部初应力的分布。以上研究说明双折射内部初始应力不容忽视，数字相移等达因技术是双折射材料内部初始应力进行定量分析的有力手段     

基于偏振投影与空域耦合的两步相移测量方法

栅线投影测量是一种被广泛采用的非接触、高精度三维形貌测量方法。然而由于时间相移技术不能在同一时刻采集相移图像,导致这一技术在工业在线检测中难以发挥应有的作用,因此本文结合偏振相机技术,提出了一种基于双偏振投影校正的空间相移测量方法。该方法通过在一对投影仪镜头前加装偏振方向正交的线偏振片,并采用本文提出的投影仪自校正方法,将具有恒定相移量、但偏振方向不同的相移栅线图案投影到待测物体表面,利用偏振相机单帧采集即可获得不同偏振方向的2幅相移图像,从而实现空间两步相移。实验结果表明,该方法对于非消偏振表面具有很好的测量效果,2幅相移图像的采集时间与相机曝光时间相同,可以用于在线测量。     

DCM 相位梯度提取技术在光力学图像信息识别中的应用

为解决相位去包裹对光力学图像处理的影响问题,本文将一种直接从数字编码傅立叶变换或相移条纹图中逐相素提取相位梯度的方法应用于光力学图像信息识别中。该方法是一个广泛应用于光纤传感器中的微分正交乘法器(DCM)的正、余弦相位检波技术。这一技术算法简单,不需计算反正切,不受相位去包裹方法标准的限制,非常适于应用在以相位梯度作为最终所需识别的信息的光力学图像处理中。本文以载波等达因条纹图应力场计算及四幅图相移等达因法求板的接触应力为例,对该技术在光力学图像信息识别中的应用进行了论证。     

用TX—1型数字图象处理系统自动采集和处理光弹图象

本文介绍了 TX—1型光测图象自动采集和处理系统,以径向受压圆盘为例,用该系统采集了等倾线、等色线和等和线。采用跟踪法提取条纹中心线,微机进行自动处理,实验结果与理论计算进行了比较。     

动态电子散斑干涉法研究

使用瞬态图象采集技术，将模型受撞击前，后的电子散斑图象直接记录与存储在图象采集卡的帧存体中，从而实现了动态数字散斑干涉，测得了半限平面模型的面内位移场，实验值与动有限元计算结果很好的吻合。     

数字光弹性法综述

将光弹性法与计算机图像处理技术相结合 ,来自动采集光弹性数据和分析应力的方法 ,称为数字光弹性法 ,与传统光弹性法相比 ,它可以进一步提高实验速度和精度。本文详细讨论了以下两个方面 :一是光弹性条纹的细化和倍增处理技术 ;二是自动确定光弹性参数的技术 ,包括相移法、傅立叶变换法、逐步载荷法、广谱分析法和RGB光弹性法等。通过对近二十年来国内外在这些方面的研究、应用和进展作了综述 ,认为采用白光的彩色域相移技术计算光弹性等倾角 ,结合采用白光源或三色光源的相移法来确定光弹性等色线级数 ,有望成为解决静态二维和三维冻结模型薄切片应力分析的最佳方法 ;另外 ,设计一种能实时和同步采集多幅条纹图的实验装置 ,通过相移法来自动获取动态光弹性数据 ,是数字动态光弹性法很有前景的发展方向     

相移电子散斑干涉测量物面形状

本文提出了一种用于测量三维物体表面形状的新方案.利用电子散斑干涉仪,通过两次图像采集之间折射率变化,获得代表等高线的相关条纹图,应用相移技术,可以获得高精度的形状测量结果.文中还讨论了自制气体相移器原理及性能。     

LIF喷流混合流浓度场定量测量

本文介绍激光诱导荧光(LIF)的瞬时浓度场定量测量技术,采用了CCD图象采集处理系统和低浓度简化校正技术等,讨论了喷流混合流浓度场测量的初步结果。     

条纹图的数字图象拼接处理

本文提出了一种光测数字干涉条纹图的拼接方案,解决了图象分块采集和条纹对接方法问题,大大地提高了采图精度,降低了对数字图象处理仪硬件系统及实验操作水平的要求,精度效果良好.     

用灰度选优法采集Isodyne条纹图像

本文提出了Ｉｓｏｄｙｎｅ干涉条纹图像采集的一种有效方法，即图像灰度选优法。文中论述了方法原理，软件编程框图，及在ＩＢＭＸＴ／２８６图像采集与处理系统上实现Ｉｓｏｄｖｎｅ条纹图像自动采集的实例。以此方法采集Ｉｓｏｄｖｎｅ条纹图像，实现了由Ｉｓｏ－ｄｙｎｅ线条纹图像形成一幅全场的Ｉｓｏｄｙｎｅ条纹图像的目的，解决了动态扫描条纹图像跟踪采集问题。     

Electronic techniques in isodyne stress analysis: Part 1. Basic relations

The purpose of the study was to develop electronic techniques for collecting, processing and evaluating information in experimental isodyne stress analysis. The original technique involved chemical photography recording and manual evaluation of the normal and shear isodyne functions and their derivatives, which are proportional to the stress components. One objective of the reported study was to show that it is feasible to reliably reconstruct isodyne surfaces which contain information on the internal force intensities and the components of the stress tensor. It is shown that the new technique satisfies all the theoretical conditions and constraints imposed by the theory of the analytical and optical isodynes. Thus another objective of the reported study was to demonstrate that the isodyne stress analysis allows one to obtain reliable data on the actual three-dimensional stresses in a cost-effective manner. The procedure developed to date and presented in the paper is a hybrid electronic-manual procedure. It involves electronic recording of the isodyne fields, manual determination of the isodyne orders in chosen sections, and electronic determination of the indicated and load-induced isodyne functions and of the isodyne surfaces. It is shown that the developed techniques are more reliable, accurate and cost-efficient than the traditional techniques of photomechanics. Pertinent data are illustrated by examples presented in Part 2.     

薄壁柱壳的圆度及三维变形测量技术

本文采用一种新的形状位置（Ｐｒｏｆｉｌｉｍｅｔｒｙ）自动测量计算机处理方法,对钢质圆柱壳的椭圆度进行了测试。具体使用投影光栅,于壳体表现形成栅线影象,自动形成栅线光频率线性编码,用ＣＣＤ摄象机采集到频率编码壳体光栅影象,构成形西半球工波图。将载波的图象经过计算机图象系统获得数值图象。计算机经过快速富立叶变换法解码,输出频率位相值,经数据处理可得到精确的壳面尺度。     

Theory of elastic and photoelastic isodynes. Samples of application in composite structures

The theoretical foundations of a system of new methods which the authors call isodyne photoelasticity are presented. It is shown that the plane-elastic isodynes related to two-dimensional stress fields can be obtained experimentally using particular scattered-light techniques. The experimentally obtained photoelastic isodynes allow non-destructive analysis of stresses in structures with local three-dimensional stress states.Isodyne photoelasticity is used to determine stresses in composite structures, in particular the stresses at internal discontinuities and the delaminating stresses. The results are used to assess the reliability of some analytical solutions. The theories of isodynes and of the developed experimental techniques of isodyne photoelasticity are presented in a manner compatible with contemporary concepts of the models of reality—physical models, mathematical models, and experimental models constructed of matter and energy.Paper was presented at V International Congress on Experimental Mechanics held in Montreal, Quebec, Canada on June 10–15, 1985.     

全息干涉条纹图的计算机自动处理与识别

本文应用数字图象处理与识别技术在IBM-PC/AT微处理计算机图象处理系统上对复杂的全息干涉条纹图进行了自动分析,文中采用二维灰度值检测的方法获取条纹的准峰或谷值二值图形,然后通过细化得到条纹中心,提出了用记忆跟踪算法自动去除毛刺和噪声线段.在用光标进行人机对话标定零级条纹后,可自动识别出其它整数条纹级数.分数级条纹级数可在整数级条纹数据之间进行线性或非线性插值得到.最后给出了全息条纹图分析的实例.     

Studies of contact problems using photoelastic isodynes

Experimental determination of contact stresses is difficult and not often satisfactorily accurate, especially when shear stresses exist in contact areas. Several examples presented in the paper show that, by using isodyne techniques, it is relatively easy and inexpensive to determine not only all stress components in contact regions but also the boundaries of contact areas as well.     

相移数字云纹测量系统

介绍了一种相位移数字云纹变形测量系统．测试系统采用ＣＣＤ摄像系统记录光栅图像，控制采样的空间频率大约为光栅线密度的整数倍，对试件栅进行采样后用数字信号处理的方法，实现空间相位移及进行实时数字云纹条纹显示，并对相移误差及光栅信号的高阶谐波的影响进行了校正     

Automatic order-determination of transient in-plane displacement moire patterns

This paper presents a fringe-carrier method that eliminates sign ambiguity of transient moire fringes which can be used to automatically determine the relative orders. A fringe carrier is preset in the static state of the specimen and the dynamic in-plane displacements are recorded as the modulation to the frequency of the carrier fringes when the specimen is loaded by impact. According to a modulating criterion developed from the modulation degree, the fringes of the transient moire patterns keep monotonical in orders so that they can be automatically encoded in grey levels by a digital image system. The moire orders purely caused by dynamic loadings are evaluated by subtracting the grey-value of the unmodulated carrier image from that of the modulated carrier images encoded by their orders. With the subtracted moire orders the strain components can be obtained, and, correspondingly, the histograms of dynamic displacement moire images are shown with order variation by image-difference. The project supported by Alexander von Humboldt Foundation of Germany and the National Natural Science Foundation of China