碘作为Lewis酸催化剂在合成中的应用进展

碘催化的有机反应具有价廉易得、操作简单、温和、清洁、高效及高选择性等优点,广泛应用于亲电反应、亲核反应、多组份反应以及其它涉及复杂官能团化合物的合成反应中,在环境友好化学合成、复杂化合物合成及选择性合成领域具有应用价值.     

环钯化合物在Heck反应中的应用研究

钯催化交叉偶联反应在化学工业、合成天然产物及生物活性物质中有着广泛的应用.催化剂体系是交叉偶联反应研究的核心.环钯化合物结构简单、性能稳定,在催化交叉偶联反应中具有高活性、高选择性,引起研究者们的极大关注,不断有新的环钯化合物被合成出来,其催化性能也得到了研究.本文综述了环钯化合物的合成方法及其在Heck反应中的应用.     

环钯化合物在Heck反应中的应用研究

钯催化交叉偶联反应在化学工业、合成天然产物及生物活性物质中有着广泛的应用。催化剂体系是交叉偶联反应研究的核心。环钯化合物结构简单、性能稳定,在催化交叉偶联反应中具有高活性、高选择性,引起研究者们的极大关注,不断有新的环钯化合物被合成出来,其催化性能也得到了研究。本文综述了环钯化合物的合成方法及其在Heck反应中的应用。     

环钯化合物在Heck反应中的应用研究

钯催化交叉偶联反应在化学工业、合成天然产物及生物活性物质中有着广泛的应用.催化剂体系是交叉偶联反应研究的核心.环钯化合物结构简单、性能稳定,在催化交叉偶联反应中具有高活性、高选择性,引起研究者们的极大关注,不断有新的环钯化合物被合成出来,其催化性能也得到了研究.本文综述了环钯化合物的合成方法及其在Heck反应中的应用.     

“一锅法”不对称多组分串联反应合成手性氢化环氧异色烯衍生物:一种快速构建分子复杂性方法（英文）

设计、研究了一种重氮、4-羟基丙烯酸乙酯和呋喃衍生物参与的三组分串联反应,在Rh2(OAc)4/Zr-3-I-联二萘酚共催化下,该反应能快速高效地一锅构建复杂O-杂并环化合物.利用该方法,可从简单起始原料高立体选择性地合成含有八个连续手性中心的氢化环氧异色烯衍生物,非对映选择性和高对映选择性分别高达99/1 dr和99%ee.结合理论计算对反应的高立体选择性进行了探讨.可能的反应机理为羟基叶立德捕捉的多组分反应后发生分子内的Diels-Alder反应,再发生双键环氧化反应.该方法为复杂O-并杂环化合物的高效合成提供了一种新途径,同时也为高效构建分子复杂性提供了一种新思路,在基于表型筛选的新药发现中具有重要潜在应用.     

多取代烯丙基硅化合物的立体选择性合成研究

烯丙基硅化合物是一类重要的有机合成中间体,能参与多种类型的化学转化反应,被广泛应用于C—C键构建和复杂化合物的合成反应中,探索官能化烯丙基硅化合物的立体选择性合成对丰富有机合成方法学研究有重要意义.利用有机硅取代的环丙基三级醇化合物的Julia烯烃化反应,得到了一系列新型的烷氧甲基取代的高碘代烯丙基硅化合物.相对于烷基取代的三级醇底物,芳基取代的三级醇底物能得到立体选择性更好的产物.     

多组分Passerini反应的研究进展

Passerini反应是一类重要的多组分反应,通过该反应可以合成许多重要的天然产物、复杂分子及药物分子,具有很好的使用价值和应用前景。本文从非对映选择性、立体选择性及应用等方面综述了Passerini反应近年来的研究进展。     

各种烯基锆化合物的合成及其在立体选择性合成二(三)取代的烯烃中的应用

烯基锆化合物及硒基烯基锆化合物、锡基烯基锆化合物、磺酰基烯基锆化合物、亚磺酰基烯基锆化合物、硅基烯基锆化合物等金属或杂原子取代的烯基锆化合物 ,可通过锆氢化反应高产率和高选择性地制得 .这些试剂可与各种亲电试剂反应立体选择性地合成二取代或三取代的烯烃化合物     

铜和铁催化吲哚的不对称分子内环丙烷化

正J.Am.Chem.Soc.2017,139,7697~7700吲哚是天然产物中广泛存在的杂环结构,发展构建吲哚骨架的手性多环化合物的方法一直备受关注.过渡金属催化的分子内不对称环丙烷化反应能够从简单的线性底物合成具有复杂稠环结构的手性分子.人们已经成功将过渡金属催化吲哚的非对映选择性分子内环丙烷化反应应用于多种吲哚生物碱的高效合成,然而这类反应的对映选择性     

手性双功能方酰胺催化的串联反应不对称合成螺环氧化吲哚

正五元螺环氧化吲哚骨架广泛存在于天然产物及药物活性分子当中,但其结构复杂且在合成过程中立体选择性难以控制,因此成为有机化学家研究的热点与难点.近年来,有机催化的串联反应得到了蓬勃发展,逐渐成为高效合成具有复杂骨架化合物的强有力策略.复旦大学化学系孙强盛、孙兴文等从一些简单易得的原料出发,在低加载量     

Recent Advances in Asymmetric Catalysis Using p-Block Elements

The development of new methods for enantioselective reactions that generate stereogenic centres within molecules are a cornerstone of organic synthesis. Typically, metal catalysts bearing chiral ligands as well as chiral organocatalysts have been employed for the enantioselective synthesis of organic compounds. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in main group catalysis for enantioselective reactions using the p-block elements (boron, aluminium, phosphorus, bismuth) as a complementary and sustainable approach to generate chiral molecules. Several of these catalysts benefit in terms of high abundance, low toxicity, high selectivity, and excellent reactivity. This minireview summarises the utilisation of chiral p-block element catalysts for asymmetric reactions to generate value-added compounds.     

Silyl-substituted 1,3-butadienes for Diels-Alder reaction, ene reaction and allylation reaction

Silyl-substituted 1,3-butadienes are useful building blocks and are readily applied in several types of reactions such as Diels-Alder reaction, ene reaction and allylation. They can also participate in different tandem reactions such as Diels-Alder/allylation, ene/allylation, ene/allylation/Diels-Alder reaction, ene/allylation/ene reaction and ene/allylation/Diels-Alder/allylation reaction. This feature article reviews the synthesis of silyl-substituted 1,3-butadienes, and their applications in the reaction types mentioned above, involving a tandem Diels-Alder/ene/allylation process. This article also introduces some reactions of alkenylsilanes and allylsilanes for comparison and discussion about the tandem reaction. The tandem reactions described in this article are a powerful tool to construct complicated multicyclic compounds with high selectivity and high efficiency.     

Characteristic reactions of group 9 transition metal compounds in organic synthesis

Group 9 metal compounds in organic synthesis have two characteristic reactions. The first occurs because the group 9 metals have a high affinity to carbon–carbon or carbon–nitrogen π‐bonds. The first type of characteristic reactions in these group 9 metal compounds includes Pauson–Khand reactions, the Pauson–Khand‐type reactions ([2 + 2 + 1] cyclization), the other cyclizations and coupling reactions. The second occurs because the group 9 metals have a high affinity to carbonyl groups. The second type of characteristic reactions includes carbonylations such as hydroformylations, the carbonylations of methanol, amidocarbonylations and other carbonylations. The first characteristic reactions are applied for the synthesis of fine chemicals such as pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. However, the second characteristic reactions are utilized not only for fine chemicals but also for important bulk commodity chemicals such as aldehydes, carboxylic acids and alcohols. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthesis and reactions of 7-fluoro-4-methyl-6-nitro-2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran-3-carboxylic acid: a novel scaffold for combinatorial synthesis of coumarins

7-Fluoro-4-methyl-6-nitro-2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran-3-carboxylic acid has been prepared as a novel scaffold for combinatorial synthesis of coumarins. The scaffold has three points of diversity. The optimal conditions for its reactions with different nucleophiles in solid phase were obtained. Sixteen coumarin derivatives with different structures were designed and synthesized in solid phase to demonstrate its application as a scaffold for combinatorial synthesis of coumarins. Thirteen of these derivatives were obtained in high yields. Many of these model compounds fluoresce. Combinatorial libraries constructed with this novel scaffold may have interesting biological or physical properties.     

Advancements in the Synthesis and Applications of Cationic N‐Heterocycles through Transition Metal‐Catalyzed C−H Activation

Cationic N‐heterocycles are an important class of organic compounds largely present in natural and bioactive molecules. They are widely used as fluorescent dyes for biological studies, as well as in spectroscopic and microscopic methods. These compounds are key intermediates in many natural and pharmaceutical syntheses. They are also a potential candidate for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Because of these useful applications, the development of new methods for the synthesis of cationic N‐heterocycles has received a lot of attention. In particular, many C?H activation methodologies that realize high step‐ and atom‐economies toward these compounds have been developed. In this review, recent advancements in the synthesis and applications of cationic N‐heterocycles through C?H activation reactions are summarized. The new C?H activation reactions described in this review are preferred over their classical analogs.     

杂环化合物氮氧化反应研究的新进展

杂环化合物的N-氧化物是一类重要的有机中间体, 也可以直接用作催化剂、炸药等. 综述了杂环化合物N-氧化反应的最新进展, 包括单氮、双氮和多氮杂环化合物的N-氧化反应, 以及在形成N→O基团的同时合成目标产物的反应, 并重点讨论了具有复杂结构的杂环化合物N-氧化反应.     

Stereoselective synthesis of 1-C-alkyl iminogalactitol derivatives,potential chaperones for galactosidase-linked LSDs: a real challenge

1-C-Alkyl iminogalactitol derivatives are highly desirable target compounds as potential pharmacological chaperones for the treatment of galactosidase-linked lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). The synthesis of such compounds from d-galactose by a C-1 chain extension process by way of an open-chain 6-amino d-gulo nonulose intermediate was complicated by unexpected deoxygenation reactions leading to 3-deoxy iminogalactitol derivatives and epimers; an alternative, stereocontrolled synthesis from an l-tagatose derivative by C-6 chain-extension was therefore developed, which involved addition of organometallic reagents onto t-butanesulfinylimine intermediates in the key step.     

Uses of ethyl benzoyl acetate for the synthesis of thiophene,pyran, and pyridine derivatives with antitumor activities

The N-(arly)propanamide derivatives 3a,b were used for a series of heterocyclization reactions to give thiophene, pyran, and pyridine derivatives. Thus, these compounds underwent the Gewald's thiophene synthesis through their reactions with either malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate and elemental sulfur to afford compounds 6a-f , respectively. In addition, they were subjected through a series of multicomponent reactions (MCRs) to give pyran and fused derivatives. The reactions of 3a,b with either malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate gave pyridine derivatives 14a-d , respectively. The latter compounds afforded arylhydrazone derivatives 15a-m through their reactions with any of the aromatic diazonium salts 15a-c . The antitumor of the synthesized compounds against A549 (nonsmall cell lung cancer), H460 (human lung cancer), HT-29 (human colon cancer), and MKN-45 (human gastric cancer cancer) cancer cell lines together with foretinib as the positive control by a MTT assay was measured, and the results obtained showed that many compounds exhibited high potency against the six cancer cell lines.     

Synthesis of Fluorine‐Containing Multisubstituted Phenanthridines by Rhodium‐Catalyzed Alkyne [2+2+2] Cycloaddition and Tandem sp2 C?H Difluoromethylenation

A highly efficient method for the synthesis of fluorine‐containing multisubstituted phenanthridines through Rh‐catalyzed alkyne [2+2+2] cycloaddition reactions has been developed. This method exhibits excellent functional‐group compatibility. When a bromodifluoromethyl group, rather than a trifluoromethyl group, was employed in the cycloaddition reaction, more‐complicated polycyclic compounds were obtained through tandem Rh‐catalyzed cycloaddition/C? H difluoromethylenation. This route provides convenient access to fluorine‐containing polycyclic compounds.     

An Efficient Synthesis of 6′‐methyl‐1'H‐spiro[indoline‐3,4′‐pyrimidine]‐2,2′(3'H)‐dione Derivatives

The reactions of isatins, urea and 1‐(piperidin‐1‐yl)butane‐1,3‐dione or 1‐morpholinobutane‐1,3‐dione have been developed for the preparation of spiroheterocycles compounds. It was found these reactions could be given higher yields and required shorter time in our process. In this synthesis, some useful groups, such as pyridyl and morpholinyl were introduced into the structures of the products. The compounds were confirmed by IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and HRMS. Else, compounds 4i and 4r were additionally confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The other advantages of this procure were simple handling, high yields, and wide range substrates.