攀枝花地区野生番石榴叶提取物中Zn、Mg、Cr、V等微量元素分析

采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)同时测定了攀枝花地区野生番石榴叶水和乙醇提取物中Zn、Mg、Cr、V等微量元素的含量。结果表明,攀枝花地区野生番石榴叶中富含Zn、Mg、Cr、V等微量元素,水提取物和不同浓度乙醇提取物中Zn、Mg、Cr、V等微量元素含量不同。     

明日叶黄酮类化合物清除羟基自由基活性研究

为了研究明日叶黄酮类化合物对羟基自由基的清除作用,以明日叶（主要取叶片）为原料,用体积分数为65％乙醇提取明日叶总黄酮,测定其总黄酮含量.通过Fenton反应体系产生羟基自由基,利用明日叶提取液中的功能成分黄酮类化合物对羟基自由基的清除作用进行研究.结果表明：明日叶提取物总黄酮质量分数为10.18％,且黄酮类化合物对羟基自由基有较强清除效力,当提取物总黄酮浓度在0.1～1.0 mg/mL范围内,其与清除率呈正相关.明日叶中黄酮类化合物对羟基自由基有较强清除效力,作为天然抗氧化产品开发具有一定价值.     

吲哚生物碱Alsmaphorazine D的全合成

<正>Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2015,54,879~882夹竹桃科鸡骨常山属植物广泛存在于非洲和亚洲的热带地区,目前已成为熟知的富含独特单萜吲哚骨架结构的杂环生物碱的主要来源.此类生物碱由于其生源合成途径的有趣性以及抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗炎、止咳和抗疟疾等显著的生理活性引起了化学家们很大的研究兴趣.最近,日本星药科大学药学系Morita课题组从生长于马来西亚的鸡骨常山属植物的呼吸根叶的提取物中分离得到了一类新的生物碱结构,并将其命名为Alsmaphorazines A~E.在此家族中,Alsmaphorazines D和E具有一种新颖的六氢吡咯[2,3-b]吡咯并二氮杂双环[3.3.1]壬烷核心结构,并且分子中含     

GC-MS同时测定番石榴叶中的齐墩果酸和熊果酸

建立了测定番石榴叶中齐墩果酸和熊果酸的气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）方法.以双（三甲硅烷）三氟乙酰胺（BSTFA）为衍生化试剂,将齐墩果酸和熊果酸制成三甲基硅烷衍生物后,在DB-5 MS毛细管柱上进行分离.柱升温程序为：柱初温100 ℃,恒温保持2 min, 以10 ℃/min的速度升温至300 ℃,保持14 min.通过与标准样品对照比较保留时间和质谱确认样品中齐墩果酸和熊果酸的色谱峰.以峰面积进行定量测定,齐墩果酸和熊果酸的线性范围分别为4.1～102 μg/mL和4.7～114 μg/mL,回收率分别为77.1%和89.4%,6次平行测定的相对标准偏差分别为3.7%和3.5%.     

纳米TiO_2-ZnO二元负载木材的制备及性质

采用两步法将TiO_2/ZnO纳米材料与杨木试样复合,制备了纳米二元负载木材.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品的结构和形貌进行了表征,并探讨了不同处理条件下得到的纳米氧化物负载木材及非纳米氧化物负载木材的抗菌性和耐候性.结果表明,氧化锌和二氧化钛二元协同负载木材的抗菌性和耐候性均优于单一纳米晶处理的木材;在溶剂热反应中以正己烷作为溶剂所制备样品的性能优于以水和无水乙醇为溶剂制备的样品;并且纳米结构负载木材的抗菌性和耐候性优于非纳米结构负载的木材.     

明日叶水溶性总糖含量的测定

采用苯酚-硫酸比色法测定明日叶水溶性总糖含量.以葡萄糖为标准品,6％苯酚溶液和浓硫酸作显色剂,应用分光光度法在490 mn波长处测定样品的吸光度,按标准曲线计算总糖含量.实验结果表明,明日叶水溶性总糖提取物中总糖含量（质量分数）为17.82％,实验精密度及重复性好.高、中、低三种不同浓度加样量加标回收率分别为101.55％、100.42％、101.26％,相对标准偏差（RSD）分别为：1.67％、0.76％、1.38％,回收率高.此方法操作简便,重复性、稳定性好,准确度高,可为明日叶水溶性总糖含量测定提供可靠的定量检测方法,为明日叶进一步研究开发提供科学依据.     

地锦草有效成分的提取及其生物活性的研究

采用乙醇浸提法来提取地锦草中的有效成分,并对其生物活性进行研究。探讨了地锦草总黄酮的最佳提取工艺;通过体外抗氧化实验,对地锦草提取物的抗氧化活性进行研究;同时考察了提取物对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、青霉、曲霉的抗菌性能,并对地锦草提取物对α-淀粉酶的抑制活性进行研究。实验结果表明:地锦草总黄酮最佳提取工艺为乙醇体积分数为85%,料液比为1∶15,提取次数为3次;体外抗氧化实验表明,地锦草具有抗氧化活性,且在浓度为8 mg/mL最为明显;抗菌性能实验表明,地锦草具有抗菌性能,且对青霉、曲霉的抗菌效果比较显著;α-淀粉酶的抑制活性的实验表明,地锦草提取物对α-淀粉酶的活性有抑制能力,在pH 6.8、浓度为4.8 mg/mL、温度为70℃时,其对α-淀粉酶的抑制效果达到最大。     

薄层色谱分离和分光光度法测定桃叶珊瑚甙

提出在冰醋酸－９５％乙醇（１：２,Ｖ／Ｖ）溶液中,以Ｅｐｓｔａｈｌ试剂为显色剂测定桃叶珊瑚甙的分光光度法。最大吸收波长为６０１ｎｍ。对于杜仲叶提取物中的桃叶珊瑚甙,以甲醇－氯仿－石油醚－乙酸乙酯为展开剂,用薄层色谱法予以分离,用分光光度法进行测定。     

不同生长期忍冬叶中活性成分的动态变化及抗菌作用研究

研究了不同生长期忍冬叶中活性成分的差异性及动态变化和抑菌活性.分别采用紫外分光光度法(UVVis)对不同生长期忍冬叶中总黄酮含量进行测定;采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用法对不同生长期忍冬叶中的挥发性成分进行测定;采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对不同生长期忍冬叶中的绿原酸、新绿原酸、异绿原酸C、咖啡酸、木犀草素、木犀草苷、金丝桃苷、芦丁、槲皮素9种化合物的含量进行测定;采用平板打孔法测定不同生长期忍冬叶的抗菌活性.结果表明不同生长期忍冬叶中活性成分的含量差异较大,6月份所测各种活性成分含量均较高,且抑菌效果最好.综合不同生长期忍冬叶中各活性成分的含量,确定忍冬叶的最佳采摘期为6月份,为忍冬叶的综合开发利用提供理论依据.     

HPLC法研究肾叶山蚂蝗清除DPPH自由基能力

建立了以HPLC法对傣药-肾叶山蚂蝗甲醇提取物清除二苯基苦基肼自由基(DPPH.)能力的方法,通过实验得出最佳的色谱条件:色谱柱为AgilentEclipse XDB-C18(4.6×150 mm,5μm),流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长517 nm,柱温箱温度为20℃,进样体积20.0μL,流动相为不同比例的甲醇和水的混合液。在此条件下测定了DPPH.的清除率为50%时抗氧化剂的质量浓度(IC50)值,肾叶山蚂蝗甲醇提取物的IC50为1.51 mg/mL。     

Flavonoid compounds and antibacterial mechanisms of different parts of white guava (Psidium guajava L. cv. Pearl)

Abstract

The flavonoid compositions, extracted from leaves, peel and flesh of white guava (Psidium guajava L. cv. Pearl), were identified and quantified by UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS, HPLC-ESI-MS/MS and HPLC. The main components of three extracts all were quercetin-glycosides, but the proportion and content of quercetin-hexoside and quercetin-pentoside in each extract were different. Based on the measurements of MIC, MBC value and time killing curve, it emerged that 3 flavonoid extracts of white guava had good antibacterial effects on four pathogenic bacteria. White guava leaves flavonoids (WGLF) concentrations of 5.00?mg/mL and 0.625?mg/mL could change the micro-morphology of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. It suggested that the antibacterial mechanism of WGLF on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was to destroy the structure and function of the cell membrane. It is indicated that the flavonoid extracts from white guava is a potential natural antimicrobial agent.     

Lycopus europaeus: phenolic fingerprint,antioxidant activity and antimicrobial effect on clinical Staphylococcus aureus strains

Lycopus europaeus L. leaves water extract (LEL) was subjected to phytochemical analysis, and evaluated for its antibacterial and antioxidant effects. Antibacterial activity testing was performed on Staphylococcus aureus clinical strains from catheter-related and skin infections by broth microdilution test. LEL showed bactericidal activity at concentrations from 2500 to 5000 μg/mL against all, including methicillin resistant and polyresistant nosocomial, strains. Antioxidant activity was examined using DPPH and ABTS (11.3 and 9.8 μg/mL, respectively) and by ferric reducing ability of the plasma method (891 μmol AAE/g dry extract). Phytochemical analysis of LEL was performed by LC-DAD-MS/MS. Ten phenolic compounds were identified; two minor compounds (glucopyranosyl rosmarinic acid and sagerinig acid) have not been described in Lycopus yet. The major compounds, considered to be responsible for biological activities detected in the study, were determined as rosmarinic acid (76 mg/g) and luteolin-7-O-glucuronide (23 mg/g). L. europaeus arises from our study as a promising source of antibacterial agent for topical usage.     

Isolation of antibacterial diterpenoids from Cryptomeria japonica bark

The aims of the present study were to determine the antibacterial activity of bark extract of Cryptomeria japonica D. Don and to isolate potential antibacterial constituents. The results showed that the ethanolic extract of C. japonica bark possessed a good antibacterial activity. Nine compounds including seven diterpenoids (ferruginol (I), isopimaric acid (II), iguestol (III), isopimarol (IV), phyllocladan-16alpha-ol (V), sandaracopimarinol (VI) and sugiol (VII)) and two steroids (beta-sitosterol (VIII) and beta-sitostenone (IX)) were isolated from active subfractions; beta-sitostenone was isolated for the first time from this plant. Among these compounds, ferruginol possessed the strongest antibacterial activity and had MIC values ranging from 6.3 to 12.5 microg mL(-1) against all bacteria tested. Isopimaric acid was also an antibacterial natural product. Cryptomeria japonica bark extract and its diterpenoids, ferruginol and isopimaric acid, have the ability to inhibit the bacterial growth and can be used as the source for natural bactericides.     

Characterisation of the metabolites of an antibacterial endophyte Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. of Dracaena draco L. by LC–MS/MS

Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. belongs to the endophytic fungi that live within the tissues of medicinal plants and produce bioactive natural products. The endophyte was isolated from the leaves of Dracaena draco L. The LC–MS-based metabolite fingerprinting of the ethyl acetate extract of B. theobromae with antibacterial activity led to the identification of 13 metabolites pertaining to various classes: dipeptides (maculosin and L,L-cyclo(leucylprolyl), alkaloid (norharman), coumarin and isocoumarins (bergapten, meranzin and monocerin), sesquiterpene (dihydrocumambrin A), aldehyde (formyl indanone), fatty alcohol (halaminol A) and fatty acid amide (palmitoleamide, palmitamide, capsi-amide and oleamide). This study reports for the first time, the LC–MS and LC–MS/MS identification of 13 known bioactive metabolites from the antibacterial ethyl acetate extract of B.theobromae isolated from the leaves of D. draco L.     

A new antibacterial benzophenone glycoside from Psidium guajava (Linn.) leaves

Bioactivity-guided fractionation of methanol extract from the leaves of Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae) yielded a new benzophenone glycoside, Guajaphenone A (2) together with two known compounds, Garcimangosone D (1) and Guaijaverin (3). Their structures were elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data including 1D and 2D NMR and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The isolated compounds were screened against standard strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using broth dilution assay method, and the MIC values determined and compared with reference antibiotic ceftriaxone. They were found to have significant antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with all of them showing better activities against S. aureus, but displaying weaker activities, in comparison to ceftriaxone. However, despite reduced effect of these compounds against the organisms, this work opens the perspective to use these molecules as ‘leads’ for the design of novel and selective drug candidates for some tropical infectious diseases.     

Spectral characterization of the bioactive principles and antibacterial properties of cold methanolic extract of Olea europaea from the Hail region of Saudi Arabia

This work aimed to identify the bioactive constituents and antibacterial activity of a cold methanolic extract of Olea europaea leaves. GC–MS analysis of the cold methanolic extract of the leaves of O. europaea L. revealed several unique bioactive compounds, including 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, n-hexadecanoic acid, 9-octadecenamide, (Z)-, hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester, squalene, 2-(2-Hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine, Benzoic acid, 4-formyl-, methyl ester, 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol, Vitamin E etc. The FT-IR spectrum revealed distinct fingerprint regions at 3313, 2943, 2831, 1662, 1590, 1449, 1300, 1111, and 1020 cm^?1. The fingerprinting region is associated with the presence of several bioactive chemicals as determined by GC–MS analyses. The methanolic extract of O. europaea leaves revealed a broader spectrum of antibacterial activity. On the other hand, the spectrum of activity was substantially narrower than that of standard ciprofloxacin discs.     

The inhibitory potential of Thai mango seed kernel extract against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Plant extracts are a valuable source of novel antibacterial compounds to combat pathogenic isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a global nosocomial infection. In this study, the alcoholic extract from Thai mango (Mangifera indica L. cv. 'Fahlun') seed kernel extract (MSKE) and its phenolic principles (gallic acid, methyl gallate and pentagalloylglucopyranose) demonstrated potent in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and 19 clinical MRSA isolates in studies of disc diffusion, broth microdilution and time-kill assays. Electron microscopy studies using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed impaired cell division and ultra-structural changes in bacterial cell morphology, including the thickening of cell walls, of microorganisms treated with MSKE; these damaging effects were increased with increasing concentrations of MSKE. MSKE and its phenolic principles enhanced and intensified the antibacterial activity of penicillin G against 19 clinical MRSA isolates by lowering the minimum inhibitory concentration by at least 5-fold. The major phenolic principle, pentagalloylglucopyranose, was demonstrated to be the major contributor to the antibacterial activity of MSKE. These results suggest that MSKE may potentially be useful as an alternative therapeutic agent or an adjunctive therapy along with penicillin G in the treatment of MRSA infections.     

Identification of flavonoids and their glycosides by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and with diode array ultraviolet detection

Identification of flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides was carried out on Psidium guajava Linn leaves by means of high-performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) analysis and HPLC mass spectrometry. By using HPLC-UV, two known phenolics (gallic acid and quercetin) and five newly reported ones (procatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, kaempferol and ferulic acid) were identified in alcohol guava leaf extract. Structural information about the compounds was obtained from the retention times, the UV spectra and mass spectra without the need to isolate the individual compounds. Two flavonoids (quercetin and kaempferol) and four flavonoid glycosides (three known components, quercetin 3-O-alpha-L-arabinoside, quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside and quercetin 3-O-beta-D-galactoside, along with one novel compound, kaempferol-glycoside) and three other unknown compounds have been identified in the fractions.     

Two new triterpenoids from Psidium guajava

Two new triterpenoids,named as 2 α,3 β,23-trihydroxylurs-12,20(30)-dien-28-oic acid β-D-glucopyranoside(1),and 2 α,3 β,6 β,20 β,23,30-hexahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid(2),together with four known triterpenoids were isolated from the leaves of Psidium guajava L.Their structures were elucidated on the basis of mass and spectral evidence.     

A new ethylene glycol triterpenoid from the leaves of Psidium guajava

One new pentacyclic triterpenoid psidiumoic acid (5) along with four known compounds beta-sitosterol (1), obtusol (2), oleanolic acid (3), and ursolic acid (4) have been isolated from the leaves of Psidium guajava. The new constituent 5 has been characterized as 2 alpha-glycolyl-3beta-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid through 2D NMR techniques. This is the first report of isolation of compound 2 from the genus Psidium.