离散结构的遗传形状优化设计

离散结构的形状优化问题，设计变量是不同性态的连续／离散混合变量，优化收敛困难。本文利用遗传算法实现其全局最优设计，以空间２５杆桁架结构为例，进行了多变量、多工况的结构形状遗传优化设计。为减少结构重分析次数，引入了Ｓｔｅａｄｙｓｔａｔｅ算法。结果表明结构形状的遗传优化设计方法是可行的。     

论工程优化

本文首先讨论了土建工程设计问题的软科学性质和这些问题中所包含的不确定性（随机性、模糊性和未确知性）信息及其科学处理；然后简要地介绍了作者所提出的工程大系统的全局优化和结构的不确定性优化设计的理论和方法；最后讨论了工程软科学所应包含的各种问题。     

论工程优化

本文首先讨论了土工程设计问题的软科学笥质和这些问题中所包含的不确定性（随机性，模糊性和未确知性）信息及其科学处理，然后简要地介绍了作者所提出的工程在系统的全局优化和结构的不确定性优化设计的理论和方法；最后讨论了工程软科学所应包含的各种问题。     

建筑结构多级分散稳定控制

建立大尺度建筑结构线性时不变分散控制模型。采用局部控制器和全局控制器的多级控制方法使闭环大系统分散稳定,并用H∞控制方法得到了建筑结构各独立子结构的局部控制器。通过构造特定的正定矩阵,将各独立子结构控制系统集结为整体结构的Lypunov函数;根据全局稳定条件,得到了满足建筑结构整体稳定性条件的全局控制器。进一步将全局控制器和局部控制器统一为一组线性矩阵不等式的优化设计,分析了由全局状态和部分状态设计全局控制器的方法。以20层钢结构基准模型在地震激励下的控制为例,验证了该多级分散控制的有效性。研究表明:该多级分散控制方法可以对大尺度建筑结构的位移、加速度等地震响应进行有效控制;采用部分结构状态设计的全局控制器可以协调子结构之间的振动影响,实现整体结构的稳定。     

薄板结构的边界元优化设计

完成了一种用边界元法对弹性薄板结构进行优化设计的计算机分析及彩色绘图系统.本文论述了平板弯曲问题的边界元法及其优化设计.系统采用本文作者提出的三方程协调方案,并精确计算分布荷载的域内积分.本文完成了多个平板弯曲问题的边界元分析算例及板结构边界元优化设计的工程算例.结果表明,本系统方法先进、结果精确可靠,具有十分明显的工程实用价值.     

合作系统的稳定性与凝血动力学

本文对于合作系统提出比不可约性更广的相对不可约性概念，分析该系统的稳定性结构，建立相应的理论，并对内源性瀑布机制提凝血动力系统进行分析，研究其轨道结构，吸引子和局部全局的稳定性态。     

非确定性结构静动态特性稳健优化设计

本文研究了考虑参数随机性的结构静动态特性稳健性优化设计问题的数学模型和数值求解。在考虑结构设计变量和其研究了考虑参数随机性的结构静动态特性稳健性优化设计问题的数学模型和数值求 解. 在考虑结构设计变量和其他参数随机分布的前二阶矩的条件下，采用基于二阶摄动法的 随机有限元方法对结构响应的平均值和方差进行近似求解. 在摄动法有限元分析的框架下， 提出以一般函数形式表达的结构性能的平均值和标准差及其灵敏度的计算格式. 将结构 稳健性优化设计问题构造为双目标优化问题，优化目标包含结构性能函数的期望值和标准 差，约束函数的变异也给予考虑. 优化问题采用基于函数梯度的算法进行求解. 文中给出的数值算例显示了方法的有效性.     

复合柔性结构全局模态函数提取与状态空间模型构建

随着航空航天等领域中实际工程结构的大型化和柔性化,结构的非线性振动和主动振动控制问题越来越凸显.分析和处理此类结构出现的复杂振动问题的关键在于建立系统的非线性动力学模型与状态空间模型.对于由柔性部件、刚体、连接部件构成的复合柔性结构,由于各部件之间的振动耦合效应,单个柔性部件在悬臂、简支和自由等静定边界下的模态与结构的真实模态有较大差异.为此,本文提出复合柔性结构全局模态的解析提取方法,通过全局模态离散得到系统非线性动力学模型,从而构建状态空间模型.该方法采用笛卡尔坐标描述系统的运动,建立系统的运动方程;结合描述柔性部件的偏微分方程、刚体的常微分运动方程、连接界面处力、力矩、位移和转角的匹配条件以及系统的边界条件,利用分离变量法给出统一形式的频率方程,获取系统的固有频率和解析函数表征的全局模态.这里提出的全局模态提取方法不仅便于复合柔性结构固有频率和全局模态的参数化分析,而且为建立复合柔性结构低维非线性动力学模型和状态空间模型提供了有效的途径,对于推进这类结构的非线性动力学分析与主动振动控制研究具有重要意义.      

复合柔性结构全局模态函数提取与状态空间模型构建

随着航空航天等领域中实际工程结构的大型化和柔性化,结构的非线性振动和主动振动控制问题越来越凸显.分析和处理此类结构出现的复杂振动问题的关键在于建立系统的非线性动力学模型与状态空间模型.对于由柔性部件、刚体、连接部件构成的复合柔性结构,由于各部件之间的振动耦合效应,单个柔性部件在悬臂、简支和自由等静定边界下的模态与结构的真实模态有较大差异.为此,本文提出复合柔性结构全局模态的解析提取方法,通过全局模态离散得到系统非线性动力学模型,从而构建状态空间模型.该方法采用笛卡尔坐标描述系统的运动,建立系统的运动方程;结合描述柔性部件的偏微分方程、刚体的常微分运动方程、连接界面处力、力矩、位移和转角的匹配条件以及系统的边界条件,利用分离变量法给出统一形式的频率方程,获取系统的固有频率和解析函数表征的全局模态.这里提出的全局模态提取方法不仅便于复合柔性结构固有频率和全局模态的参数化分析,而且为建立复合柔性结构低维非线性动力学模型和状态空间模型提供了有效的途径,对于推进这类结构的非线性动力学分析与主动振动控制研究具有重要意义.     

工程系统可靠度的逻辑分析与优化设计

基于结构逻辑图的理论，提出了以下确界算子和上确界算子分别作为串联与并联系统可靠度的计算模型；形成了复杂工程系统可靠度的逻辑分析方法，在此基础上，应用多阶段决策算子法，成功地求解了工程系统可靠度的优化设计问题，给出了桁架结构优化的数值计算例题。     

Using nodal coordinates as variables for the dimensional synthesis of mechanisms

The method of the lower deformation energy has been successfully used for the synthesis of mechanisms for quite a while. It has shown to be a versatile, yet powerful method for assisting in the design of mechanisms. Until now, most of the implementations of this method used the dimensions of the mechanism as the synthesis variables, which has some advantages and some drawbacks. For example, the assembly configuration is not taken into account in the optimization process, and this means that the same initial configuration is used when computing the deformed positions in each synthesis point. This translates into a reduction of the total search space. A possible solution to this problem is the use of a set of initial coordinates as variables for the synthesis, which has been successfully applied to other methods. This also has some additional advantages, such as the fact that any generated mechanism can be assembled. Another advantage is that the fixed joint locations are also included in the optimization at no additional cost. But the change from dimensions to initial coordinates means a reformulation of the optimization problem when using derivatives if one wants them to be analytically derived. This paper tackles this reformulation, along with a proper comparison of the use of both alternatives using sequential quadratic programming methods. In order to do so, some examples are developed and studied.     

Efficient synthesis of heat exchanger networks combining heuristic approaches with a genetic algorithm

In this work an innovative method for heat exchanger network (HEN) synthesis is introduced and examined. It combines a genetic algorithm (GA) with a heuristic based optimization procedure. The novel algorithm removes appearing heat load loops from the HEN structures when profitable, throughout the evolution. Two examples were examined with the new HEN synthesis method and for both better results were obtained. Thus, a positive effect of heuristic based optimization methods on the HEN synthesis with GA could be located.     

On the comparative optimal analysis and synthesis of four-bar function generating mechanism using different heuristic methods

In this research, optimal synthesis of function generation of four-bar linkages is investigated using different heuristic optimization methods. The novelty of this study is that we considered the five precision point’s distribution and both stroke angles of the follower and crank links as the optimization variables. Therefore, a non-linear optimization was done with seven variables. Different optimization techniques, including heuristic and gradient based methods were used for optimization and were completely compared. Finally, general solutions were found and distribution of precision points for some desired functions was rationalized. GA-Hybrid seems to be the best method in finding global optimums in cases that the problem is sorely nonlinear, and also it is fast. Even it seems that distribution of precision points is independent of stroke angles of the follower and crank links. Some precision points are out of the design domain, and they are sorted in a way that they can describe the behavior of desired function better.     

Computational dynamics: theory and applications of multibody systems

Multibody system dynamics is an essential part of computational dynamics a topic more generally dealing with kinematics and dynamics of rigid and flexible systems, finite elements methods, and numerical methods for synthesis, optimization and control including nonlinear dynamics approaches. The theoretical background of multibody dynamics is presented, the efficiency of recursive algorithms is shown, methods for dynamical analysis are summarized, and applications to vehicle dynamics and biomechanics are reported. In particular, the wear of railway wheels of high-speed trains and the metabolical cost of human locomotion is analyzed using multibody system methods.     

结构动力学修改重分析方法的发展

结构动力学修改重分析技术是结构／机械振动控制和动态特性设计与优化的重要理论工具，本文简要述评了一些主要的高效重分析计算方法的研究发展概况，其中侧重于摄动分析方法。最后简单介绍了这些重分析方法的若干重要应用领域。     

A Hybrid Nonlinear Programming Method for Design Optimization*

ABSTRACT

Solutions to engineering design problems formulated as nonlinear programming (NLP) problems usually require the use of more than one optimization technique. Moreover, the interaction between the user (analysis/synthesis) program and the NLP system can lead to interface, scaling, or convergence problems. An NLP solution system is presented that seeks to solve these problems by providing a programming system to ease the user-system interface. A simple set of rules is used to select an optimization technique or to switch from one technique to another in an attempt to detect, diagnose, and solve some potential problems. Numerical examples involving finite element based optimal design of space trusses and rotor bearing systems are used to illustrate the applicability of the proposed methodology.     

在静力与动力荷载作用下拱坝的体形优化

建立了拱坝体形优化的合理而实用的数学模型,提出了有效的求解方法,特别重视工程应用,目前已应用于近三十个实际工程,取得了巨大经济效益,并已应用于250米特高拱坝的设计。作者提出了一系列有效的求解方法,如内力展开法,设计变量指数变换法等等,并首次实现了地震荷载作用下拱坝的体形优化。     

Benchmarking of adjoint sensitivity-based optimization techniques using a vehicle ride case study

Several studies on multibody dynamics optimization have been conducted. One important limitation of these studies is their computational e?ciency, especially when optimizing a complex system’s performance. The co-authors developed a very e?cient optimization technique based on an adjoint sensitivity analysis methodology. The scope of this article is to validate this technique by conducting a benchmark analysis against some of the most popular optimization methods, including gradient-based optimization using finite differences, design of experiment using optimal Latin hypercube, and design of experiment using full factorial design matrix. A vehicle system is used as a case study for optimizing its ride comfort.     

基于近似技术的涡轮叶片气动优化设计

根据五次多项式方法进行三维涡轮叶片的参数化建模,采用N-S方程和湍流模型进行三维流场分析计算,以K-S函数法作为优化方法,利用近似技术加速循环优化速度,建立了一种基于近似技术的涡轮叶片的气动优化方法。将气动效率和总压比作为目标函数,对涡轮叶片进行多目标气动优化、形状优化。算例表明本文提出的涡轮叶片优化设计方法是有效的。     

进化算法与确定性算法在优化控制问题中的收敛性对比

对比了进化算法(基因算法)与确定性算法(共轭梯度法)在优化控制问题中的优化效率．两种方法都与分散武优化策略-Nash对策进行了结合，并成功地应用于优化控制问题。计算模型采用绕NACA0012翼型的位流流场．区域分裂技术的引用使得全局流场被分裂为多个带有重叠区的子流场，使用4种不同的方法进行当地流场解的耦合，这些算法可以通过当地的流场解求得全局流场解。数值计算结果的对比表明．进化算法可以得到与共轭梯度法相同的计算结果．并且进化算法的不依赖梯度信息的特性使其在复杂问题及非线性问题中具有广泛的应用前景。