Dependence on substrate topography of growth of nanosized dendritic structures in an electron-beam-induced deposition process

Nanometer-sized W-dendrites are fabricated on Al₂O₃ substrates with an electron-beam-induced deposition process. Dependence of growth of nanodendrite on surface topography is investigated with transmission electron microscopy. It is confirmed that the nanodendrite grows on convex surfaces but not around a hole on a substrate. These are attributed to different distribution of charges on surfaces with different topographies during electron beam irradiation when charges are produced on the surface due to emission of second electrons. The charges accumulate on convex surface and do not distribute around a hole. Therefore, the nanodendrite grows on the former and not on the latter.     

C---H bond activation of formate on clean and K-covered Ru(001): a theoretical study

An extended Hückel (EH) study is performed on the clusters representing a formate adsorbed on Ru(001) and on in order to investigate the effect of potassium on the selectivity of decomposition of formate on Ru(001). The adsorption geometry and the VSIP (valence state ionization potential) values of EH parameters are determined from ab initio calculations on small clusters. The EH calculation reproduces well the site preference of formate on each surface suggested from experiments. The C---H bond of formate, which is our focus in this study, is calculated to be almost the same on the two surfaces when the molecular plane of formate is perpendicular to the surface; but when the plane is tilted from the surface normal and thus the C---H bond approaches the surface, the C---H bond is weakened to a much higher extent on clean Ru(001) than on K-covered Ru(001). This is in good agreement with the experimental result that the presence of potassium changes the reaction pathway of the decomposition of formate on Ru(001) by suppressing C---H bond cleavage.     

B、N、S掺杂石墨烯表面质子吸附的第一性原理研究

表面吸附是石墨烯中质子(H~+)输运的基础步骤.本文基于第一性原理计算研究了B、N、S掺杂对石墨烯表面H~+吸附行为的影响.结果表明,B、N、S掺杂对石墨烯的晶体结构、内聚能及电子性质有重要影响,且影响程度与掺杂元素的性质密切相关,进而导致对石墨烯表面H~+吸附行为产生不同程度的影响.从吸附能的观点看,N、B、S掺杂对石墨烯表面H~+的吸附有利.研究结果对石墨烯在氢贮存、氢同位素分离、燃料电池等领域的应用具有重要的指导意义.     

小液滴撞击壁面传热特性数值分析

小液滴撞击壁面现象在喷雾冷却等领域都有广泛应用.为研究小液滴(微米)撞击热壁面(非沸腾区)传热过程,建立了二维液滴撞壁瞬态模型,并采用相场方法对小液滴换热过程中对流热通量和导热热通量的大小进行了对比.研究结果表明:液滴撞击壁面初期形成“冷斑”,有利于小液滴与壁面的传热;小液滴撞击壁面过程中热通量峰值存在于三相接触点附近,数量级在105—106 W/m²;小液滴撞击壁面过程中受壁面浸润性和液滴尺寸对传导热通量的影响较为显著,而速度和液滴尺寸对对流热通量的影响较为显著;大多数情况下,小液滴撞击壁面传导热通量数量级在103—105 W/m²,对流热通量数量级在104—106 W/m²,对流热通量大于传导热通量,在整个换热过程中占据主导地位.     

LEFT-INVARIANT PSEUDO-EINSTEIN METRICS ON LIE GROUPS

In this article, we focus on left-invariant pseudo-Einstein metrics on Lie groups. To begin with, we give some examples of pseudo-Einstein metrics on Lie groups. Also we calculate the Levi-civita connection, and then Ricci tensor associated with left-invariant pseudo-Riemannian metrics on the unimodular Lie groups of dimension three. Furthermore, we show that the left-invariant pseudo-Einstein metric on SL(2) is unique up to a constant. At last, we study the left-invariant pseudo-Riemannian metrics on compact Lie groups and classify the pseudo-Einstein metrics on the low-dimensional compact Lie groups.     

Surface charge dynamics studied by the temporal evolution of the corona charging current

The decay of surface charges deposited on the dielectric material by the partial discharge (PD) activity has a great impact on the repetition of partial discharges. In this work, the effect of dielectric placed on the surface of ground electrode in a needle-plane configuration on the discharge activity was investigated, with the application of a periodic negative step voltage. The charge decay mechanisms on a corona charged dielectric surface were investigated based on a comparison between experiments and a FEM-based numerical model. The comparison indicates that the surface charges may decay due to different mechanisms depending on the applied stress.     

颗粒物质中静摩擦力与接触面形状有关

用实验方法研究了探测棒在颗粒物质中受到的最大静摩擦力与棒截面形状的关系.观测到圆棒受到的最大静摩擦力最大,方棒次之,扁棒最小.根据力的传递原理,分析棒形状对颗粒物质内部力链传递的影响,计算结果与实验基本吻合.     

甲醇在不同形态ZrO2上吸附行为的FTIR研究

用FTIR技术考察了甲醇在不同形态氧化锆上的吸附和活化转化行为.甲醇吸附在无定型和四方氧化锆上生成线式和桥式甲氧基物种,而在单斜氧化锆上还出现锥桥式甲氧基物种.在单斜和无定性氧化锆上的桥式羟基活泼而四方氧化锆上的线式羟基活泼.氧化锆表面吸附的甲氧基物种在晶格氧的作用下进一步转化,在单斜和无定性氧化锆上生成甲酸盐,并且可以进一步氧化为碳酸盐物种;而在四方氧化锆表面,甲氧基物种可以直接氧化为碳酸盐物种,这表明四方氧化锆的晶格氧比其他两种氧化锆上的更为活泼.     

Si衬底GaN基LED的结温特性

结温是发光二极管的重要参数之一,它对器件的内量子效率、输出功率、可靠性及LED的其他一些性能有很大的影响。首次报道Si衬底GaN基LED的结温特性。利用正向压降法测量Si衬底上GaN基LED的结温,通过与蓝宝石衬底上GaNLED的结温比较,发现Si衬底GaNLED有更低的结温,原因归结为Si有更好的导热性。同时也表明:用Si作GaNLED的衬底在大功率LED方面具有更大的应用潜力。     

Simulation of detection and scattering of sound waves by the lateral line of a fish

A solvable model of lateral line of a fish based on a wave equation with additional boundary conditions on a set of isolated points is proposed.Within the framework of this model it is shown that the ratio of pressures on lateral lines on different fish flanks,as well as the cross section of sound scattering on both the lines,strongly depends on angles of incidence of incoming sound waves.The strong angular dependence of the pressure ratio seems to be sufficient for the fish to determine the directions from which the sound is coming.     

伪随机序列投影三维测量中的快速子序列匹配

提出了一种适用于伪随机序列投影三维测量技术的子序列匹配快速算法.首先根据源序列的内容及子串长度构造由多层子表组成的表格;然后根据子序列的内容,从首字符开始从左到右,依次从首层表格开始向下查找;最后得到子序列在源序列中的位置.即根据首字符在首层表格中查到对应的第二层表格地址,再在第二层表格中根据第二个字符,查找第三层表格地址.以此类推,查出最后一层表格的地址.在最后一层表格中,根据末字符查找到该子序列在源序列中的位置.给出了理论分析并进行了实验验证,结果表明,在目前主流的计算机上,对于典型场景采用查表法的子序列匹配速度较常用算法快60倍以上.     

EAST 4.6GHz ���Ӳ�����ˮ��ṹ������Ż�

设计了EAST 4.6GHz低杂波器件的一系列主动水冷冷却结构,阐述了直波导、波导弯头、天线单元的水冷结构设计,并使用有限元模拟软件ANSYS计算了这些部件的发热和对流冷却,计算并展示了部件上的温度分布二环结构变形。通过计算,优化直波导单面水冷结构为双面水冷。计算结果表明,立弯波导弯头的水冷结构明显好于侧弯弯头。原天线单元前端温度分布集中,热应力很大,不符合实验要求。优化后的天线单元前端的温升和热变形可以达到LHCD实验要求。     

有限温度奇异夸克物质

本文简要介绍了近年来有限温度下奇异夸克物质的研究,包括早期宇宙中大块奇异夸克物质的研究;基于ＭＩＴ袋模型的ｓｔｒａｎｇｅｌｅｔ研究,以及运用质量密度相关模型对奇异夸克物质的研究,最后简略评述了关于奇异夸克物质性质的近期研究进展     

Collagen immobilization on 316L stainless steel surface with cathodic deposition of calcium phosphate

Collagen fibril/(calcium phosphate and carbonate) composite coatings on 316L stainless steel were developed with a cathodic deposition technique. The response of SaOS-2 osteoblast-like cells to the collagen/calcium salt-coated 316L steel was investigated. The collagen fibrils were self-assembled on the 316L steel surface and immobilized by their partial incorporation into a calcium salt layer electrodeposited cathodically in Hanks’ solution. The amount of calcium salt depended on the applied cathodic potential. The mineralization of collagen fibrils was observed. The collagen coverage localized and the composition of calcium salts varied on the same specimen. Such non-uniform surfaces affected the cell response. The observed outlines of cell bodies and nuclei on the thin collagen coating were clearer than those on the thick collagen coating in most cases. The collagen coating did not significantly influence the mean viability of cells on the whole specimen surface. Interestingly, the alkaline phosphatase activity per cell on the collagen/calcium salt-coated specimens was higher than that on the as-received specimen. It was revealed that cathodic deposition is an effective technique to immobilize collagen fibrils on a 316L steel surface.     

PNL分子在正、负电性纳米银上的吸附取向

制备了两种不同电性的纳米银粒子的脉体,发现当邻菲罗啉分子分别吸附在这两种纳米银上时,其表面增强喇曼谱有明显的不同.在正电性纳米银上,面外弯曲模式受到增强,而在负电性纳米银上,面内伸缩模式受到增强,通过分析增强谱的差异表明,分子在这两种不同电性胶态纳米银表面上可能分别以平躺及站立方式吸附.     

Assembly of single-walled carbon nanotubes on patterns of Au nanoparticles

We report on the assembly of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and gold nanoparticles (NPs) hybrid structure without any surface modification of SWNTs on patterns of Au nanoparticles (NPs). Microscale Au NP patterns were created on composite self-assembled monolayer (SAM) templates of octadecanethiol (ODT) and octanedithiol (OD) through self-assembly of Au NPs via the thiol-Au chemical bond onto the OD region. On such templates, we observed extensive adhesion and strong affinity of SWNTs on the Au NPs and no SWNT on ODT. We also examined systematically the adhesion of SWNTs on ODT with varying coverage of vapour-deposited Au. We observed little SWNT attachment even when there are high-density of Au clusters on the ODT SAM. Extensive adhesion of SWNTs is observed only when the coverage of ODT by Au is almost complete. Dynamic contact angle measurements of dichlorobenzene on the ODT/Au substrates revealed a direct correlation between the surface wettability and the SWNT assembly on a molecular template.     

Experiments on Sprouting Inhibition in Onions

The effect of irradiation on sprouting depends on the irradiation dose, on the irradiation time after harvest and on the physiological development stage of onions. The best conditions of an effective irradiation were found out. Experiments were carried out in order to study the physiological causes of sprout inhibition. The effect of the irradiation on cell elongation and cell division was investigated.     

锯齿型石墨烯纳米带的能带研究

运用π电子紧束缚模型,具体研究了锯齿型石墨烯纳米带(ZGNRs)的边界结构对能带,特别是费米面附近的导带和价带电子的影响.计算了七种不同边界结构的ZGNRs的能带色散关系及费米面附近价带电子在原胞中各原子上的分布情况.计算结果表明:两边界都无悬挂原子的NN-ZGNRs,只有一边界有悬挂原子的DN-ZGNRs,两边界都有五边形环的SPP-ZGNRs和ASPP-ZGNRs为金属性.两边界都有悬挂原子的DD-ZGNRs,一边界为五边形环另一边界无悬挂原子的PN-ZGNRs和一边界为五边形环另一边界有悬挂原子的P 关键词： 锯齿型石墨烯纳米带 紧束缚模型 电子密度分布 缺陷结构     

Adsorption and dissociation of ammonia on Au(1 1 1) surface: A density functional theory study

Periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations using plane waves had been performed to systematically investigate the stable adsorption amine and its dehydrogenated reaction on Au(1 1 1) surface. The equilibrium configuration including on top, bridge, and hollow (fcc and hcp) sites had been determined by relaxation of the system. The adsorption both NH₃ on top site and NH₂ on bridge site is favorable on Au(1 1 1) surface, while the adsorption of NH on hollow (fcc) site is preferred. The adsorbates are adsorbed on the gold surface with the interaction between p orbital of adsorbate and the d orbital of gold atoms. The interaction between adsorbate and gold slab is more evident on the first layer than on any others. Furthermore, the dissociation reaction of NH₃ on clean gold surface, as well as on the pre-covered oxygen atom and pre-covered hydroxyl group surface had been investigated. The results show that the dehydrogenated reaction energy barrier on the pre-covered oxygen gold surface is lower. The adsorbed O can promote the dehydrogenation of amine. Additionally, OH as the product of the NH₃ dissociation reaction participates in continuous dehydrogenation reaction, and the reaction energy barrier is the lowest (22.77 kJ/mol). The results indicated that OH_ads play a key role in the dehydrogenated reaction on Au(1 1 1) surface.