利福霉素异烟肼和利福霉素沃尼妙林的合成

利福霉素类和异烟肼是用于临床的一线抗结核药物,沃尼妙林为新一代半合成截短侧耳素类抗生素。本文通过杂合方法,成功合成了新杂合分子利福霉素异烟肼和利福霉素沃尼妙林。通过IR,1 H NMR,13 C NMR对它们的结构进行了表征;生物活性测定初步结果表明其具有较好的抗菌活性。     

平板霉素的全合成研究综述

平板霉素由于其强有力的抗菌能力、全新的作用机理和新颖的分子结构, 自2006年被发现起就引起了合成化学家们的广泛关注. 对平板霉素的全合成及其结构类似物的合成进行了综述和介绍.     

含取代苯甲酰基硫脲的核苷类化合物的合成及杀菌活性研究

为了发现具有杀菌活性的新型先导化合物,基于几丁质合成酶催化作用机制,通过活性亚结构拼接方法,保留多氧霉素和尼克霉素中的活性尿苷部分,将具有良好杀菌活性的硫脲基团引入,设计合成了一系列含硫脲结构的核苷类化合物.以尿苷为原料,经5步反应制得目标物,其结构经IR,1H NMR及元素分析确证.初步生测结果表明,部分化合物对芦笋茎枯病(Phomopsisasparagi bubak)表现出明显的抑制活性,其中6m的抑制率在50μg/mL浓度下为97.2%,与相同浓度的多氧霉素B活性(100%)接近.     

异色满并三氮杂酮化合物的合成

异色满(isochroman)是自然界中某些抗菌素和毒菌的基本骨架组成。例如,卡拉真菌素(kalafugin),七尾霉素(nanaomycin)和桔霉素(citrinin)等都是带有异色满环结构的杂环醌。近年来,人们合成了许多具有各种药理活性的异色满类化合物,其中引入异色满环的(艹卓)酚酮具有抑制肿瘤细胞的功能。为了合成类似活性的异色满类化合物,本文选择[1.2.4]三氮杂(艹卓)酮类的七员环系与异色满并环,旨在寻找抗癌新药。     

克拉霉素的合成进展

克拉霉素属大环内酯类抗生素，是第二代红霉素产品，其抗菌谱广，抗菌活性 高，药代动力性能好，在国内外受到广泛重视，有着极其重要的应用和发展前景。 对克拉霉素研究的起源与发展、研制历程、合成过程中6－羟基甲基化选择性、活 泼基团的保护与脱保护、各种克拉霉素合成工艺路线以及最新合成方法进行了较为 详细的综述。     

氮杂富勒烯的合成及反应研究进展

氮杂富勒烯是富勒烯家族中一类非常重要的化合物,由于其独特的结构和反应活性,近年来引起了人们的广泛关注.因此,对氮杂富勒烯的合成、反应方面的研究进行了概括和总结.氮杂富勒烯的合成主要有3种方法(Wudl,Hirsch,Gan),氮杂富勒烯的反应主要包括自由基反应和亲电芳环取代反应.     

介离子化合物的合成与生物活性研究进展

介离子化合物代表了一类在杂环化学中非常重要的分子,在医药和农药等领域有着广泛的应用.自1935年该类化合物被发现以来,因其有着独特的反应活性和物活性,人们对其合成、应用和性质等方面一直进行研究,不少文献报道了该类化合物的合成及相关活性.综述了几类介离子化合物的合成方法和部分重要机理,并探讨了介离子化合物作为一种优势活性结构在未来的应用前景.     

新型(3-取代苯基-2-丙烯-1-亚基)-苯甲酰腙类化合物的设计、合成及生物活性研究

为了发现有高杀菌活性的先导化合物,通过活性亚结构拼接方法,将具有生物活性的肉桂醛与苯甲酰肼进行拼接,设计合成了一系列新型(3-取代苯基-2-丙烯-1-亚基)-酰腙类化合物.该类化合物以取代的苯甲酸为原料,经3步反应制得,结构经1H NMR,IR及元素分析确证.离体生测结果表明部分化合物对蘑菇酪氨酸酶及小麦赤霉病、黄瓜灰霉病和黄瓜炭疽病表现出一定的抑制活性,并对化合物进行了初步构效关系分析,其中化合物5r表现出与多氧霉素B相当的杀菌活性.     

弥拜霉素类似物的合成、表征和杀虫活性研究

以弥拜霉素类似物依维菌素为原料,根据类同合成法和亚结构连接法原理,对依维菌素进行脱糖,再与相应的酰氯进行酯化、肟化反应制得两个系列弥拜霉素类似物化合物4Ia～5IId,所有目标化合物都通过核磁共振氢谱、高分辨质谱的确认,并分别对朱砂叶螨(Tetranychus cinnabarinus)、南方粘虫(Mythimna sepatara)和蚕豆蚜(Aphis fabae)进行室内杀虫活性测定,结果表明所有衍生物均表现出不同程度的杀虫活性,其中化合物4IIa和4IIb对粘虫和蚜虫表现出很高的杀虫活性.     

特利霉素的合成研究进展

特利霉素是酮内酯抗生素的重要代表,它对很多耐药菌有活性且不易引起耐药性.作者对特利霉素的合成做了综述.     

Facile Chemoenzymatic Strategies for the Synthesis and Utilization of S‐Adenosyl‐L‐Methionine Analogues

A chemoenzymatic platform for the synthesis of S‐adenosyl‐L ‐methionine (SAM) analogues compatible with downstream SAM‐utilizing enzymes is reported. Forty‐four non‐native S/Se‐alkylated Met analogues were synthesized and applied to probing the substrate specificity of five diverse methionine adenosyltransferases (MATs). Human MAT II was among the most permissive of the MATs analyzed and enabled the chemoenzymatic synthesis of 29 non‐native SAM analogues. As a proof of concept for the feasibility of natural product “alkylrandomization”, a small set of differentially‐alkylated indolocarbazole analogues was generated by using a coupled hMAT2–RebM system (RebM is the sugar C4′‐O‐methyltransferase that is involved in rebeccamycin biosynthesis). The ability to couple SAM synthesis and utilization in a single vessel circumvents issues associated with the rapid decomposition of SAM analogues and thereby opens the door for the further interrogation of a wide range of SAM utilizing enzymes.     

Natural product diversification using a non-natural cofactor analogue of S-adenosyl-L-methionine

Adenosine analogues bearing either 5'-aziridine or 5'-N-mustard electrophiles are methyltransferase-dependent DNA alkylating agents. We present here a novel synthetic cofactor bearing a pendant 5'-amino acid N-mustard. Unlike previously studied synthetic cofactors, this material is very efficiently used by the natural product biosynthetic enzyme rebeccamycin methyltransferase (RebM) to generate a number of new rebeccamycin analogues. These data promote the notion that natural product methyltransferases can be used with non-natural cofactors to enhance the molecular diversity of natural product analogues for drug discovery. To our knowledge, this is the first documentation of a biological methyltransferase, other than DNA methyltransferases, that can exploit such synthetic cofactors.     

The biosynthetic gene cluster for the antitumor rebeccamycin: characterization and generation of indolocarbazole derivatives

Rebeccamycin, a halogenated natural product of the indolocarbazole family, is produced by Saccharothrix aerocolonigenes ATCC39243. Several rebeccamycin analogues, which target DNA topoisomerase I or II, have already entered clinical trials as anticancer drugs. Using as a probe an internal fragment of ngt, a Saccharothrix aerocolonigenes gene encoding an indolocarbazole N-glycosyltransferase, we isolated a DNA region that directed the biosynthesis of rebeccamycin when introduced into Streptomyces albus. Sequence analysis of 25.6 kb revealed genes for indolocarbazole core formation, halogenation, glycosylation, and sugar methylation, as well as a regulatory gene and two resistance/secretion genes. Heterologous expression of subsets of these genes resulted in production of deschloro-rebeccamycin, 4'-demethyldeschloro-rebeccamycin, and deschloro-rebeccamycin aglycone. The cloned genes should help to elucidate the molecular basis for indolocarbazole biosynthesis and set the stage for the generation of novel indolocarbazole analogues by genetic engineering.     

Two synthetic approaches to rebeccamycin

Two synthetic approaches to a new indolocarbazole antitumor antibiotic, rebeccamycin, were developed. The absolute configuration of rebeccamycin was determined by a total synthesis.     

Synthesis of bridged aza-rebeccamycin analogues

The syntheses of rebeccamycin analogues possessing a 7-azaindole moiety instead of an indole unit, and with both indole and azaindole moieties linked to the carbohydrate are described. In these bridged aza compounds, the oxygen of the pyranose heterocycle is oriented towards either the indole, or the azaindole unit. In these series, compounds bearing a free imide nitrogen were synthesized by coupling the corresponding aglycones with a sugar pre-tosylated in 2-position via a Mitsunobu reaction. To obtain a precursor for bridged aza-rebeccamycin analogues substituted in 6-position on the sugar moiety, a 2,6-ditosylated sugar was used.     

O-磷酸酰化多肽及其类似物的化学合成

O-磷酸酰化多肽及类似物对研究和阐明蛋白质可逆磷酸化对生命活动的调节机制具有极其重要的作用,本文总结了近年来发展起来的用现代化学方法合成O-磷酸酰化多肽及类似物的有效策略,如总体磷酸化法、磷酸化单体法等,并概述了常用的磷酸化方法及磷肽类似物的合成方法等。     

Metathesis reactions for the synthesis of ring-fused carbazoles

[reactions: see text] The metathesis reaction is used as a key step for the synthesis of the indolo[2,3-a]carbazole core of rebeccamycin 13 and the sulfur analog of furostifoline 21. Using the same methodology for the attempted synthesis of furostifoline, we unexpectedly formed tert-butyl-2a-methyl-1,2,2a,10c-tetrahydro-6H-cyclobuta[c]furo[3,2-a]carbazole-6-carboxylate 26 from the unstable diene, tert-butyl 2-(2-isopropenyl-3-furyl)-3-vinyl-1H-indole-1-carboxylate 25, presumably via a spontaneous pi8 electrocyclization reaction.     

Synthesis of indolo[2,3-a]carbazole glycoside analogs of rebeccamycin: inhibitors of cyclin D1-CDK4

The synthesis and structure-activity relationships of a new series of indolo[2,3-a]carbazole glycosides, analogs of rebeccamycin, derived from the natural sugars (glucose, fucose, mannose, xylose, rhamnose, and galactose) is described.     

Chemical Strategies towards the Synthesis of Betulinic Acid and Its More Potent Antiprotozoal Analogues

Betulinic acid (BA, 3β-hydroxy-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid) is a pentacyclic triterpene acid present predominantly in Betula ssp. (Betulaceae) and is also widely spread in many species belonging to different plant families. BA presents a wide spectrum of remarkable pharmacological properties, such as cytotoxic, anti-HIV, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and antimicrobial activities, including antiprotozoal effects. The present review first describes the sources of BA and discusses the chemical strategies to produce this molecule starting from betulin, its natural precursor. Next, the antiprotozoal properties of BA are briefly discussed and the chemical strategies for the synthesis of analogues displaying antiplasmodial, antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activities are systematically presented. The antiplasmodial activity described for BA was moderate, nevertheless, some C-3 position acylated analogues showed an improvement of this activity and the hybrid models—with artesunic acid—showed the most interesting properties. Some analogues also presented more intense antileishmanial activities compared with BA, and, in addition to these, heterocycles fused to C-2/C-3 positions and amide derivatives were the most promising analogues. Regarding the antitrypanosomal activity, some interesting antitrypanosomal derivatives were prepared by amide formation at the C-28 carboxylic group of the lupane skeleton. Considering that BA can be produced either by isolation of different plant extracts or by chemical transformation of betulin, easily obtained from Betula ssp., it could be said that BA is a molecule of great interest as a starting material for the synthesis of novel antiprotozoal agents.