色素类胆结石难溶原因的分析

本文采用不同的溶剂对溶解前后的胆色素类结石进行了主要元素的控制，同时对特征色素类结石进行了有机元素分析，通过比较溶解前后超微结构和各种元素含量的变化，认为胆红素与金属离子，尤其是钙及其后二阶金属离子，形成了胆色素盐或配位络合物，并与糖蛋白等螯合成了大分子复合物。这是胆色素类结石难溶的主要原因。     

铜酞菁同质多晶现象的研究及其超细粒子的制备

采用路易斯酸配位法溶解了铜酞菁,并对路易斯酸溶解铜酞菁的机理进行了简单讨论,同时研究了溶解过程中不同溶剂对铜酞菁晶型的影响.最后,用路易斯酸溶解配位法和微射流纳米分散技术相结合的方法成功制备了铜酞菁超细粒子,并用激光粒度仪、原子力显微镜、紫外可见分光光度计对超细粒子的粒径和吸收光谱进行了表征.     

线形有机锡聚合物的配位交联对溶液性质的影响

聚甲基丙烯酸三烷(芳)基锡酯CH_2C(CH_3)COOSnR_3_n的锡原子与羰基氧之间存在着结构单元之间和结构单元内部的配位,可使高分子链间产生配位交联。本文研究这种配位交联对聚合物溶液性质的影响,发现溶剂能促使配位交联键的解离,解离速度与溶荆性质有关,并且提出解离机理和动力学方程。还讨论了锡酯基团中取代基尺寸对聚合物极性和溶解性能的影响。     

在四种溶剂和萃取剂中研究硫氰酸钼(Ⅴ)络合物

在不同溶剂中研究了硫氰酸钼(Ⅴ)络合物的性质,络合物的最大配位数为3。分别测定了在四种不同溶剂中该络合物的稳定常数和摩尔吸光系数,用萃取法研究了在不同溶剂和不同萃取剂中对硫氰酸钼(Ⅴ)络合物的萃取效果及其生成机理。     

含钒钢渣碳酸化浸取提钒动力学研究

用高钙含钒钢渣经钠盐焙烧后的焙砂样品以及焦钒酸钙合成样品,在15-75℃范围内进行了碳酸化浸取动力学研究。碳酸化浸取提钒,主要是把钢渣中的碳酸钙溶解,使钒呈钒酸钠形式进入溶液,钙转变成碳酸钙沉淀。研究表明,在碱性溶液中通入CO₂气体,随着pH值的下降,首先生成Na₂CO₃,随后生成NaHCO₃。此碳酸化浸取的液-固反应过程,用颗粒表面溶解反应的收缩核心模型进行描述,在反应初期阶段是Na₂CO₃的溶浸作用,然后则主要是NaHCO₃的溶浸作用,后者的反应速度比前者快。用焦钒酸钙合成样品进行研究,证实了所推论的反应机理。在所试验的温度范围内,碳酸化浸取焦钒酸钙合成样品的反应表观活化能为25.3千焦/摩尔。     

铟-茜素配位剂极谱配位吸附波的研究

本文报道了铟-茜素配位剂极谱配位吸附波产生的条件及其电极过程的机理研究.     

扫描电镜对胆色素结石溶解前后的微观结构观察及元素检测

本实验用ＪＥＭ－１２００ＥＸ／Ｓ扫描电镜观察了溶解前后２０例胆色素结石的微观结构，并对所含元素作了检测和比较。结果表明：胆色素结石及其难溶组分中主要有１２种元素，钙含量最高，这说明元素钙在胆色素结石的成石过程中起了重要作用。     

“水体系中物质转化程度的探究”教学设计与实施

以反应的耦合与浓度商为核心概念,以弱电解质的电离、难溶电解质的配位溶解等为问题情境,引导学生基于反应间相互作用视角认识水体系中的物质转化程度。     

酚醛-重氮萘醌正性抗蚀剂溶解抑制机理

本文综述了酚醛 重氮萘醌正性抗蚀剂的溶解抑制机理,主要包括(1)分子间氢键作用机理;(2)偶联反应机理;(3)两步即静态、动态溶解抑制机理;(4)表面沉积溶解抑制机理;(5)酚醛树脂的分子溶解及相关的抑制机理.     

溶剂萃取-火焰原子吸收法测定自来水中微量钴

以硫氰酸根离子为配位阴离子,甲基异丙酮为萃取剂萃取自来水中微量钴,将有机相加热蒸发萃取剂后,置于550℃高温炉中干法灰化,灰化后,加盐酸微热使残渣溶解,然后用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定钴。该法提高了灵敏度,回收率为95.0%~102.5%,相对标准偏差为1.58%~4.92%,检出限为0.014 mg/L。     

Dissolution of calcium bilirubinate disk as a model of a gallstone by mixed solutions of 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

Direct dissolution agents of calcium bilirubinate gallstones were prepared by dissolving chelating agents in aqueous solutions of sodium carbonate containing polar solvent. Dissolution experiments on a calcium bilirubinate disk as a model of a gallstone were performed using a static disk method.

From the amounts dissolved in an hour using dissolution agents with various composition, the most effective conditions for dissolving calcium bilirubinate were determined as follows: (1) the higher the pH of the dissolution agent, the more calcium bilirubinate was dissolved. Thus, pH 8.4 was chosen as the best pH condition within the range of harmless usage to the human body in vivo in limited amount; (2) a combination of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as chelating agent for calcium and 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI) as polar solvent; (3) in the mixed system of EDTA and DMI, the most effective concentrations were about 4 wt.% EDTA and about 30 wt.% DMI.

The dissolution agent satisfying the above conditions gave a dissolved amount of about 70 mg dl⁻¹ in 1 h. This amount was considerably higher than those using DMI and EDTA independently. This suggests that dissolution is due to cooperation between EDTA and DMI.     

水相模拟体系中胆红素钙的合成与表征

以水溶液作为生物模拟体系,在不同反应摩尔比条件下,合成了一系列胆红素钙,利用中、远红外光谱,多晶X射线粉末衍射谱,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱等对合成的胆红素钙进行了表征.结果表明:胆红素钙的组成在Ca(C33H34N4O6)和Ca2.4(C33H32N4O6)(H2O)0.06之间变化,具有非化学计量性质,显示了与生物矿化产物相类似的特征.不同的胆红素钙其配位情况有所不同,并且钙含量较高时形成的胆红素钙有较好的结晶态.     

金属离子-脱氧胆酸-胆红素扩散体系中的周期沉淀

在金属离子-脱氧胆酸-胆红素扩散体系进行了周期沉淀的生长实验，得到了胆红素钙产生的周期沉淀图形.研究了胆红素、脱氧胆酸、Cu2＋和Ca2＋的相互作用以及它们对周期沉淀图形生长规律的影响，发现脱氧胆酸和胆红素会以复合胶团的形式在凝胶中进行扩散和反应，Ca2＋的作用会使胆红素从胶团中分离出来并产生胆红素钙沉淀；Cu2＋的作用则会使脱氧胆酸从胶团中分离出来产生脱氧胆酸铜沉淀；复合胶团的反应和扩散速度较慢，其生成周期沉淀的速度也很慢(约6个月，该结果与胆结石的情况较符合)；铜离子的作用会使复合胶团加速分解，从而也加快了图形的生长速度.     

用异羟肟酸从氢氧化铁中溶出铁的动力学研究

用颗粒法、压片法及以琼脂为基质的凝胶法测定了用七种合成异羟肟酸从氢氧化铁中溶出铁的速率常数。测得结果表明用同一种方法测得的七种异羟肟酸的溶出铁的反应级数都等于1,而且速率常数基本相等。搅拌速度明显影响反应速率。pH值也对测得的k值有一定影响,并在pH7～9处有拐点。拐点处大约相当于该异羟肟酸的pKa。据此提出用异羟肟酸溶出氢氧化铁中的铁的速率由物质运送及表面效应共同决定,而以运送为主。颗粒法与压片法相比,前者的溶出速率较大,可以解释为固体颗粒总表面积大于后者之故。     

牛磺胆酸钠对胆红素与钙离子相互作用形成沉淀过程的影响的研究

本工作选择牛磺胆酸钠作为人体内胆汁酸盐的代表研究其对胆色素结石的重要成分——胆红素钙沉淀过程的影响。结果表明,牛磺胆酸钠的存在使胆红素钙沉淀的条件溶度积大大提高,并使沉淀反应速度大大减慢。在牛磺胆酸钠浓度较高的情况下,沉淀过程出现诱导期,说明牛磺胆酸钠在一定条件下可以抑制胆红素钙沉淀的形成。沉淀的红外光谱表明,牛磺胆酸并未结合在沉淀中,也未影响沉淀中胆红素与钙离子间的相互作用的部位。沉淀的扫描电镜观察结果经统计学处理表明牛磺胆酸钠的存在使沉淀的颗粒变小,颗粒的聚集程度减小。     

游离胆红素与固体碳酸钙的相互作用

应用红外光谱的方法研究了溶液中游离胆红素与固体碳酸钙的相互作用,探讨了色素型胆结石的形成机理.研究结果表明,溶液中游离的胆红素可以与固体碳酸钙作用,游离胆红素通过与固体碳酸钙表面的钙作用生成难溶性的胆红素钙络合物.牛磺胆酸钠、胆酸钠和脱氧胆酸钠的加入能阻止游离胆红素与碳酸钙的作用,其中加入牛磺胆酸钠后,游离胆红素几乎不与碳酸钙作用.     

Progress in the study on the composition and formation mechanism of gallstone

Our serial studies from 1970s on chemical composition, structure determination and formation mechanism of gallstones were reviewed. The chemical component investigation of brown-pigment gallstone demonstrated that it consists of macromolecules such as proteins, glyco-proteins, polysaccharides, bilirubin polymers and pigment polymers, and biomolecules such as cholesterol, bile salts, calcium salts of carbonate, phosphate, fatty acids and bilirubinate as well as various metal ions. The binding of metal ions with bile salts and bilirubin plays important roles in gallstone formation, i.e., calcium bilirubinate complex is the major constitute of brown-pigment gallstones, and copper bilirubinate complex is critical in the black color appearance of black-pigment gallstone. The cross section of many gallstones exhibits a concentric ring structure composed of various small particles with a fractal character. This is nonlinear phenomenon in gallstone formation. A typical model system of metal ions-deoxycholate (or cho     

FT-IR study of the adsorption of some complexones and of EDTA alkaline salts into alumina

The adsorptions of iminodiacetic acid (IDA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and their sodium salts as well as adsorption of alkaline salts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on gamma alumina support have been investigated by transmission FT-IR. The IR spectra in the 1800–1200 cm⁻¹ region of the supported complexones are quite different from those of the unsupported compounds. The results obtained imply that the observed changes in the properties of adsorbed chelates are mainly due to interaction of the chelate molecules with alumina hydoxyl groups.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Hydrosols in the Presence of Carboxyalkylated Amine Complexones

The specifics of formation of silver nanoparticles in aqueous solution in the presence of carboxyalkylated amine complexones (NTA and DTPA) have been studied for the first time. Sols with these ligands are found to be formed in alkali solutions at рН ≥ 10.0 and 80°С. Their optical spectra and the particle sizes and morphologies are determined by synthesis conditions: рН, the ratio Ag⁺/L, and the order of mixing components. A scheme has been suggested for silver nanoparticle formation in the presence of NTA and DTPA, consistent with the experimental results. The efficacy of the prepared silver sols in SERS measurements is shown.