带电粒子在磁场中运动规律的可视化研究

针对带电粒子在磁场中的运动规律比较抽象、不容易被学生理解的问题,本文建立了带电粒子在磁场中的运动方程,利用Matlab强大的绘图功能,模拟仿真了带电粒子在磁场中的运动情况,形象地展示了带电粒子在均匀磁场和非均匀磁场中的运动轨迹,帮助学生直观地理解运动规律。仿真条件的多样性,为进一步演示和深入研究带电粒子在不同条件下的运动规律创造了条件,同时,通过数值求解微分方程法,解决了更为复杂的实际问题。通过对磁场的可视化研究,有助于触发学生的想象力,引导学生深入探究物理规律,提高课堂教学效果。     

谈2011年高考全国理综卷中的一道命题——带电粒子在复合场中的运动

带电粒子在电磁场中的运动是高考的一个重要内容,因为该理论经常被用到现代科技和生产生活中．高考试题主要考查学生对带电粒子在电场中和磁场中的受力分析及对物体运动情况的判断．试题经常以电场和磁场叠加的形式出现,也就是所谓的“复合场”．2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试Ⅱ卷第25题考查的就是带电粒子在复合场中的运动．但该题没有考虑清楚实际的物理情境,在电场的边界模型上出现了问题．     

磁场旋度对磁场漂移的影响

讨论了静态非均匀磁场中的磁场旋度对带电粒子引导中心漂移的影响。运用三维矢量分析的方法,将带电粒子垂直于磁场运动所引起的磁场漂移分为两项,分别由磁场的曲率和磁场的旋度决定。给出了螺旋状环形磁场中由磁场旋度引起的磁场漂移的近似表达式,讨论了该漂移成分对于该磁场中通行粒子轨道和捕获粒子轨道的可能影响。结果表明,带电粒子垂直于磁场运动所引起的磁场漂移主要由磁场的曲率决定,而磁场旋度对该漂移的影响比较微弱。     

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讨论了静态非均匀磁场中的磁场旋度对带电粒子引导中心漂移的影响。运用三维矢量分析的方法,将带电粒子垂直于磁场运动所引起的磁场漂移分为两项,分别由磁场的曲率和磁场的旋度决定。给出了螺旋状环形磁场中由磁场旋度引起的磁场漂移的近似表达式,讨论了该漂移成分对于该磁场中通行粒子轨道和捕获粒子轨道的可能影响。结果表明,带电粒子垂直于磁场运动所引起的磁场漂移主要由磁场的曲率决定,而磁场旋度对该漂移的影响比较微弱。     

带电粒子在磁镜中的重力漂移运动模拟研究

基于电磁学基本原理讨论了由两个相互平行的载流圆环构造的简单磁镜场的场分布以及均匀磁场中粒子运动的磁通量守恒量关系式.通过理论分析和数值模拟研究了在弱非均匀磁镜场中带电粒子的重力漂移运动,并运用重力漂移速度公式验证模拟结果,二者符合得较好,结果表明弱磁场下带电粒子所受重力会破坏带电粒子在磁镜场中运动的磁通量守恒关系.     

电子束实验仪恒流源部分故障及处理

电子束实验仪可以研究带电粒子在横向电场和纵向非均匀电场作用下的运动规律、带电粒子在横向、纵向磁场作用下的运动规律及电子射线的磁聚焦和荷质比的测定等实验．     

用等圆相交对称性解磁场轨迹问题

带电粒在磁场中的轨迹问题,其本质是平面几何知识与物理知识的综合应用．由于这类问题灵活多变,最能体现学生数理结合的综合应用能力,历年来为高考命题者所青睐．带电粒子在匀强磁场中的运动轨迹是圆弧,离不开圆的几何知识．当磁场区域受圆形边界约束时,轨迹问题实际上是二圆相交问题．利用等圆相交的对称性特点,可以快速、简洁地求解带电粒子在磁场中运动的轨迹问题．     

从“ 两个半径的大小关系”入手分析 带电粒子在圆形磁场中的运动

带电粒子在磁场中的运动涉及到的物理知识和方法较多, 学生在运动情境的再现和几何关系的寻找上 更是感到非常困难. 这其中尤其以圆形磁场中的运动问题较难, 涉及到两个圆及圆与边的复杂的关系, 对粒子运动 的约束条件较为隐蔽, 此类问题学生感到无从下手. 本文从圆形磁场区域半径R和带电粒子轨迹半径r的大小关系 入手, 详细梳理了粒子在圆形磁场区域中运动的特点, 并在解决两个难解例题中加以了应用     

区域磁场题型分类

带电粒子在匀强磁场中的运动是《磁场》一章的重点,多数题涉及的又是非完整的圆周运动,因而区域磁场中部分圆的运动问题就成了重中之重．下面就从区域磁场的特点入手,将这一部分题型分类如下：     

带电粒子在交变磁场中运动问题的分析策略

在解析带电粒子在交变磁场中运动的对称性和周期性特点的基础上,以2014年的两道高考题为例,阐述带电粒子在交变磁场中运动问题的分析思路.     

Lattice Boltzmann simulation of the two-dimensional flow of a magnetic suspension between two parallel walls under a non-uniform magnetic field

We have developed a lattice Boltzmann method based on fluctuation hydrodynamics that is applicable to the flow problem of a particle suspension. In this method, we have introduced the viscosity-modifying method, rather than the velocity-scaling method, in which a modified viscosity is used for generating random forces in lattice Boltzmann simulations. The viscosity-modifying method is found to be applicable to the simulation of a magnetic particle suspension. We have applied this method to the two-dimensional Poiseuille flow of a magnetic suspension between two parallel walls in order to investigate the behavior of magnetic particles in a non-uniform applied magnetic field. From the results of the snapshots, the pair correlation function between the magnetic pole and the magnetic particles and the averaged local particle velocity and magnetization distributions, it was observed that the behavior of the magnetic particles changes significantly depending upon which factor dominates the phenomenon in the balance between the magnetic particle–particle interaction, the non-uniform applied magnetic field and the translational and rotational Brownian motion.     

一种5.8 GHz磁控管粒子模拟

 借助3维粒子仿真软件对一种新型18叶片5.8 GHz磁控管进行了动态模拟,比较了爆炸式发射与电子注发射的不同。利用磁路电子注发射方式针对不同的阴极发射电流进行了动态模拟,得到了不同发射电流条件下磁控管的工作特性。同时,利用FEMM仿真软件对磁控管磁路进行了仿真,得到了磁控管互作用空间的磁场分布,并在此基础上,对非均匀磁场下磁控管动态性能进行了模拟。     

磁场对载流线圈的作用

讨论了磁场对于载流线圈的合作用力、合力矩、磁力作功公式和载流线圈在外磁场中的相互作用能，以及带电粒子在一对励磁线圈之间的往复运动。     

Line of magnetic monopoles and an extension of the Aharonov–Bohm effect

In the Landau problem on the two-dimensional plane, physical displacement of a charged particle (i.e., magnetic translation) can be induced by an in-plane electric field. The geometric phase accompanying such magnetic translation around a closed path differs from the topological phase of Aharonov and Bohm in two essential aspects: The particle is in direct contact with the magnetic field and the geometric phase has an opposite sign from the Aharonov–Bohm phase. We show that magnetic translation on the two-dimensional cylinder implemented by the Schrödinger time evolution truly leads to the Aharonov–Bohm effect. The magnetic field normal to the cylinder’s surface corresponds to a line of magnetic monopoles of uniform density whose simulation is currently under investigation in cold atom physics. In order to characterize the quantum problem, one needs to specify the value of the magnetic flux (modulo the flux unit) that threads but not in touch with the cylinder. A general closed path on the cylinder may enclose both the Aharonov–Bohm flux and the local magnetic field that is in direct contact with the charged particle. This suggests an extension of the Aharonov–Bohm experiment that naturally takes into account both the geometric phase due to local interaction with the magnetic field and the topological phase of Aharonov and Bohm.     

青蛙悬浮——一个令人惊奇和充满遐思却只需经典物理知识的实验

利用力学平衡和电磁学方面的知识,系统讨论了电荷、电偶极子、电介质、磁偶极子和顺磁介质不能实现悬浮,而抗磁质介质能够实现稳定悬浮的原因.介绍了盖姆青蛙悬浮实验技术上的细节以及背后简单的物理知识.对青蛙磁悬浮的探讨,不但能引发学生对其应用前景一系列的遐想,也能加深对静电学与磁学知识的理解.     

Classical Model of Confinement

The confinement mechanism proposed earlier and then applied successfully to meson spectroscopy by one of the authors is interpreted in classical terms. For this aim the unique solution of the Maxwell equations, an analog of the corresponding unique solution of the SU(3)-Yang-Mills equations describing linear confinement in quantum chromodynamics, is used. Motion of a charged particle is studied in the field representing magnetic part of the mentioned solution and it is shown that one deals with the full classical confinement of the charged particle in such a field: under any initial conditions the particle motion is accomplished within a finite region of space so that the particle trajectory is near magnetic field lines while the latter are compact manifolds (circles). An asymptotical expansion for the trajectory form in the strong field limit is adduced. The possible application of the obtained results in thermonuclear plasma physics is also shortly outlined.     

Electric field and Lorentz force contribution to atmospheric vortex phenomena

The physics that initiate and sustain tornados and dust devils is still under investigation. Forces that operate throughout a wide range of scales and could contribute to atmospheric vortex phenomena are the Lorentz force and the force of electric fields. The Lorentz force results in a circular motion of charged particles in a magnetic field. An electric field will pull or repel a charged particle in the direction of the field. This paper will demonstrate that the Lorentz force and the force of electric fields, acting on charged particles that exist in atmospheric vortex phenomena, plausibly contribute to the set of physics that will explain tornados and other atmospheric vortex phenomena.     

Orbital effect in the stationary axisymmetric field

This paper uses an elegant mathematical method to calculate the orbital effects in the axisymmetric field created by the spinning mass with electric charge and a large number of magnetic monopoles. In comparison with that in the Reissner-Nordstroem （R-N） field, the correction terms caused by the spinning mass decrease the advanced effect as the revolution direction of the test particle coincides with that of the Kerr field, however, the correction terms caused by the spinning charged mass increase the advance effect as the revolution direction of the test particle coincides with that of the Kerr-Newman-Kasnya （KNK） field. Generalizing the effect in the axisymmetric field, it obtains interesting results by discussing the parameters of the celestial body, these parameters provide a feasible experimental verification of the general relativity.     

An effective method of accelerating Bose gases using magnetic coils

Based on the experimental device which is a non-uniform magnetic field to trap an atom, we show how to obtain a certain velocity of a Bose gas by controlling the magnetic coils. By comparing the relationship of the different current supply and delay time versus the ultimate velocity of the atom, we theoretically predict the method of accelerating the gases to an expected velocity. This method is of great convenience and significance for the applications in cold atom physics and precision measurements.     

紧凑型反应堆中的单粒子动力学

针对紧凑型聚变反应堆独特的磁势阱结构, 使用蒙特卡罗方法研究单个高能带电粒子的约束动力学行为。考虑到磁场位型的局域平坦性, 在足够小的计算区域或足够短的时间内, 带电粒子基本上在一个常数磁场中的运动。基于此, 给出精确保证能量守恒的粒子运动方程逐点解析解, 该计算方案具有长时间追踪的能力。模拟结果表明: 对于初始位置和速度方向随机分布的具有1千电子伏能量的高能氘粒子, 大约有7%的概率能够约束至10 ms量级。由于粒子运动方程的求解过程不依赖于具体的磁场位型, 所以它可以方便地应用到具有任意位型的磁约束装置中。