高Al组分AlGaN多量子阱结构材料发光机制探讨

紫外LED的发光功率和效率还远不能令人们满意,波长短于300 nm的深紫外LED的发光效率普遍较低。厘清高Al组分Al Ga N多量子阱结构的发光机制将有利于探索改善深紫外LED的发光效率的新途径、新方法。为此,本文通过金属有机气相外延技术外延生长了表面平整、界面清晰可辨且陡峭的高Al组分AlGa N多量子阱结构材料,并对其进行变温光致发光谱测试,结合数值计算,深入探讨了Al Ga N量子阱的发光机制。研究表明,量子阱中具有很强的局域化效应,其发光和局域激子的跳跃息息相关,而发光的猝灭则与局域激子的解局域以及位错引起的非辐射复合有关。     

大失配、强极化第三代半导体材料体系生长动力学和载流子调控规律

高质量氮化镓(Ga N)材料是发展第三代半导体光电子与微电子器件的根基。大失配、强极化和非平衡态生长是Ga N基材料及其量子结构的固有特点,对其生长动力学和载流子调控规律的研究具有重要的科学意义与实用价值,受到各国科学界与产业界广泛高度重视。本文对大失配、强极化氮化物半导体材料体系外延生长动力学和载流子调控规律进行了研究,旨在攻克蓝光发光效率限制瓶颈,突破高Al和高In氮化物材料制备难题,实现高发光效率量子阱和高迁移率异质结构,制备多波段、高效率发光器件和高频率、高耐压电子器件,实现颠覆性的技术创新和应用,带动电子材料产业转型升级。     

量子阱层和垒层具有不同Al组分的270/290/330nm AlGaN基深紫外LED光电性能

为了研究AlGaN量子阱层和垒层中Al组分不同对AlGaN基深紫外发光二极管(LED)光电性能的影响,本文利用MOCVD生长、光刻和干法刻蚀工艺制备了AlGaN量子阱层和垒层具有不同Al组分的270/290/330nm深紫外LED,通过实验和数值模拟计算方法发现,量子阱层和垒层中具有低Al组分紫外LED的AlGaN材料具有较低的位错密度、较高的光输出功率和外量子效率。通过电流-电压(I-V)曲线拟合出的较大的理想因子(3.5)和能带结构图表明,AlGaN深紫外LED的电流产生是隧穿机制占据主导作用,这是因为高Al组分AlGaN量子阱中强极化场造成了有源层区域较大的能带弯曲和电势降。     

紫外LED隧穿结的模拟设计

采用APSYS软件设计渐变Al组分隧穿结,利用渐变组分间带阶结合AlGaN材料先天存在的自发极化和压电极化调控能带,增强载流子扩散-漂移联合运动方式,有助于增大载流子在隧穿结内的迁移隧穿概率.经过优化,p~+-AlGaN中Al组分自下而上线性地由0.45渐变到0.70,n~+-AlGaN中Al组分自下向上线性地由0.70渐变到0.45.器件I-V曲线在开启电压以上,呈现近线性关系,表明渐变Al组分隧穿结深紫外LED器件表现出更佳的电注入特性,297nm室温电致发光峰强度高于非渐变结构深紫外LED.内量子效率、光功率和辐射复合率模拟结果进一步证实渐变Al组分隧穿结的引入增大了有源区注入的空穴浓度,量子阱内辐射复合率得到提高.     

用于Ⅲ族氮化物生长的紧配合喷淋头反应器

在紫外和可见光电子器件、高温电子学器件、冷阴极和太阳防护探测器的应用中,Ⅲ族氮化物是一类重要的材料.近年来,氮化物基的LED的制备成功,具有提供白光照明代替白炽灯和荧光灯的潜在能力.人们对用MOCVD方法生长GaN基材料的兴趣日益高涨,特别是对多片、均匀生长的大尺寸反应器的要求日益迫切.本文概述了紧配合喷淋头反应器的设计思想和其特性.结合Ⅲ族氮化物生长对设备的相关要求,给出了这种设备运行的一些结果.这些结果表明,这种紧配合喷淋头反应器很适合在研究和产品生产中的GaN基材料结构的生长.     

量子垒高度对深紫外LED调制带宽的影响

AlGaN基深紫外LED由于具有高调制带宽和小芯片尺寸,在紫外光通信领域受到越来越多的关注.本研究通过改变生长AlGaN量子垒层的Al源流量,生长了三种具有不同量子垒高度的深紫外LED,研究了量子垒高度对深紫外LED光电特性和调制特性的影响.研究发现,随着量子垒高度的增加,深紫外LED的光功率出现先增加后减小的趋势,量...     

不规则H形量子势垒增强AlGaN基深紫外发光二极管性能

针对AlGaN基多量子阱中有效的平衡载流子注入问题,研究了有源区势垒层中Al组分调制形成的非规则H形量子势垒对AlGaN基深紫外发光二极管(LED)器件性能的影响及载流子的输运行为。研究发现,与多量子阱中常用的单Al组分势垒相比,加入Al组分较高的双尖峰势垒可以有效地提高内量子效率和光输出功率。进一步研究表明,电子在有源区因凸起的尖峰势垒而得到了有效的阻挡,减少了电子的泄露,而空穴获得更多的动能从而穿过较高的势垒进入有源区。因此,采用非对称H形量子势垒的深紫外LED器件中载流子输运实现了较好的平衡,量子阱中的载流子复合速率远高于普通的深紫外发光二极管。     

Si(110)和Si(111)衬底上制备InGaN/GaN蓝光发光二极管

分别在Si(110)和Si(111)衬底上制备了In Ga N/Ga N多量子阱结构蓝光发光二极管(LED)器件.利用高分辨X射线衍射、原子力显微镜、室温拉曼光谱和变温光致发光谱对生长的LED结构进行了结构表征.结果表明,相对于Si(111)上生长LED样品,Si(110)上生长的LED结构晶体质量较好,样品中存在较小的张应力,具有较高的内量子效率.对制备的LED芯片进行光电特性分析测试表明,两种衬底上制备的LED芯片等效串联电阻相差不大,在大电流注入下内量子效率下降较小;但是,相比于Si(111)上制备LED芯片,Si(110)上LED芯片具有较小的开启电压和更优异的发光特性.对LED器件电致发光(EL)发光峰随驱动电流的变化研究发现,由于Si(110)衬底上LED结构中阱层和垒层存在较小的应力/应变而在器件中产生较弱的量子限制斯塔克效应,致使Si(110)上LED芯片EL发光峰随驱动电流的蓝移量更小.     

基于BCPO发光材料近紫外有机发光二极管的电致发光效率与稳定性

近十年来,制备近紫外有机发光二极管成为有机电子学领域的研究热点之一.但是当器件的电致发光波长延伸到400 nm以下后,对器件中各功能层的材料选择提出了更高要求.本实验中,以宽带隙小分子材料BCPO(bis-4-(N-carbazolyl)phenyl)phenylphosphine oxide)为发光层,基于BCPO的发射光谱确定了电子传输材料和空穴传输材料,制备了电致发光峰位波长在384 nm附近的近紫外有机发光二极管.在最佳的器件结构下,器件的最大外量子效率达到2.98%,最大辐射功率达到38.2 mW/cm².电致发光谱中波长在400 nm以下的近紫外光占比为57%.结果表明器件在恒压模式下展示了良好的稳定性,此外,对影响器件稳定性的多个关键因素给予了深入的分析.     

远程荧光体白光发光二极管的发光性能

研究了高色温和低色温两种球冠状远程荧光粉白光LED在不同电流、不同热沉温度下的发光性能差异.结果表明:在大电流下,LED有源层内由于量子限制斯塔克效应使其峰值波长向短波方向移动,偏离了高色温荧光粉的最佳激发波长,更加接近低色温荧光粉的最佳激发波长.高色温LED的相关色温随电流增加呈上升趋势,低色温LED的相关色温随电流增加呈下降趋势,与它们的量子效率变化引起的色坐标漂移有很大关系.两种LED量子效率和发光效能随热沉温度的升高均呈略微增大的趋势;其中,高色温LED的量子效率和发光效能随电流的增大而减小,而低色温LED的量子效率和发光效能则随电流的增大而升高;高色温LED发光性质较低色温LED好,但色特性的稳定程度不如低色温LED.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.