激光诱导Co等离子体电子温度的时间空间演化特性研究

本文在380～500 nm波长范围内测定了激光烧蚀Co等离子体中Co原子的时间和空间分辨发射光谱.由发射光谱线的强度和Stark展宽分别计算了等离子体电子温度和电子密度,并由实验结果讨论了激光等离子体中电子温度的时间和空间演化特性.实验结果表明,当延时在100～1000 ns范围内变化时,相应的电子温度Te范围为8000～25000 K;当距离靶表面0～1.8 mm范围内变化时,相应的电子温度Te范围为13000～25000 K,电子温度在激光束方向上的分布具有很好的对称性.     

提高双参量光纤传感器精度的一种方法

分析了光纤传感器进行双参量测量时，系数矩阵的态性对待测量精度的影响，提出采用对系数矩阵进行预处理的方法，使得处理后的矩阵由病态变成良态。用方法对文献「４」和文献「５」给出的系数矩阵分别进行了处理。处理后，文献「４」系数矩阵的条件数从３４２降低到４，文献「５」系数矩阵的条件数从１６１降低到３，传感器输出不确定主降低了两个数量级。     

激光诱导Al等离子体电子温度的时间空间演化特性研究

实验测定了激光烧蚀Al等离子体中Al原子在380-500nm 波长范围内的时间和空间分辨发射光谱。由Al原子390.068nm、394.4nm、396.152nm、466.3056nm、451.25nm、352 .95nm发射光谱线的强度计算了等离子体电子温度,并由实验结果讨论了激光等离子体中电子温度的时间和空间演化特性。实验结果表明,当延时在100-1500ns范围内变化时,相应的电子温度Te范围为6200K -32700K;当距离靶表面0-1.8mm范围内变化时,相应的电子温度Te范围为9800K- 32700K, 电子温度在沿激光束方向上的分布具有很好的对称性。     

In situ observation of cell-detachment process initiated by femtosecond laser-induced stress wave

When a stress wave generated by focusing a femtosecond laser is loaded on an animal cell adhered on a substrate, the cell is detached from the substrate. There are two possible mechanisms for the cell detachment: (a) The cell is detached from a scaffold coated on a glass plate, and (b) the cell is detached from the glass plate with the scaffold. In this work, we have studied the cell-detachment mechanism by visualizing the scaffold with a fluorescence probe of quantum dots. When the cell was detached from the substrate, fluorescence from the scaffold simultaneously disappeared from the glass plate, although the scaffold was not irradiated by the laser. This indicates that detachment due to the stress wave is attributed to mechanism (a). On the other hand, when the cell was detached from the substrate by a trypsin treatment, the fluorescence from the scaffold remained, suggesting mechanism (b). By comparing both results, it is considered that physiological damage of the cell membrane during the detachment process by femtosecond laser-induced stress wave is less than that due to the trypsin treatment.     

On ionization energy losses of high-energy electron–positron pair in thin targets

The present Letter deals with consideration of high-energy electron–positron pair ionization losses in thin dielectric plate which it traverses after being emitted from substance where it is created. It is shown that in this case the Chudakov effect of reduction of pair energy losses takes place on much larger distance from its creation point than in the case of the pair motion in homogeneous infinite medium. It is demonstrated that due to transition radiation which appears during the pair emission from the substance the ratio of the pair energy losses in two plates situated on different distances from it is noticeably different from the case when the radiation is neglected.     

The effect of nearby bubbles on array gain

The coherent processing of signals from multiple hydrophones in an array offers improvements in angular resolution and signal-to-noise ratio. When the array is steered in a particular direction, the signals arriving from that direction are added in phase, and any signals arriving from other directions are not. Array gain (AG) is a measure of how much the signal arriving from the steering direction is amplified relative to signals arriving from all other directions. The subject of this paper is the manner in which the AG of an acoustic array operating in water that contains air bubbles is affected by scattering from nearby bubbles. The effects of bubbles on acoustic attenuation and dispersion are considered separately from their effects on AG. Acoustic measurements made in bubbly water using the AB Wood tank at the Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, University of Southampton, in June 2008 show that as bubble density increases, relative phase shifts in individual hydrophone signals increase and signal correlation among the hydrophones is reduced. A theory and numerical simulation linking bubble density at the hydrophone to the AG is in good agreement with the measurements up to the point where multiple scattering becomes important.     

三重态双极化子系统的超导与铁磁共存

采用对称破缺的Hartree平均场近似,讨论了三重态双极化子系统的超导和铁磁共存问题。我们发现,系统的基态是铁磁超导混合态,这与BCS超导的情形不同。在双极化子的低密度区域,只有从正常态到混合态的转变;而在高密度区域,随着温度的降低,系统可能将首先转变到铁磁态,然后转变到铁磁超导混合态。当系统已经具有超导电性时,不可能发生到铁磁态的相变。 关键词：     

Realistic and effective interactions in the study of nuclear matter

The equation of state of symmetric nuclear matter is addressed starting both from a realistic interaction derived from nucleon-nucleon scattering processes and from a low-momentum effective potential. The approach is based on finite temperature Green’s functions. The internal energy per particle is estimated from the summation of diagrams and through the Galitskii-Koltun sum rule. The text was submitted by the author in English.     

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介绍了在神光Ⅱ装置上开展的长脉冲2ns三倍频激光与黑腔靶相互作用的实验。报道了采用PIN探测器阵列测量大角度受激Raman散射（SRS）角分布和采用激光卡计对背向SRS光能量积分测量的实验结果。相同实验条件下激光辐照缝靶产生的SRS光能量要强于激光与全腔靶作用产生的SRS光，小腔靶的SRS光能量要强于标准腔靶。对比长脉冲2ns及短脉冲1ns激光打靶实验结果可以看出：由于激光功率密度的下降，长脉冲激光打靶时SRS散射光能量要弱于短脉冲激光打靶。长脉冲2ns激光与标准腔靶相互作用时，等离子体堵腔比较严重。     

Quantitative assessment of fatigue damage accumulation in wavy slip metals from acoustic harmonic generation

A comprehensive, analytical treatment is presented of the microelastic–plastic nonlinearities resulting from the interaction of a stress perturbation with dislocation substructures and cracks that evolve during cyclic fatigue of wavy slip metals. The interaction is quantified by a material nonlinearity parameter β extracted from acoustic harmonic generation measurements. The contribution to β from the substructures is obtained from the Cantrell model. The contribution to β from cracks is obtained by applying the Paris law to the Nazarov–Sutin crack nonlinearity equation. The nonlinearity parameter resulting from the two contributions is predicted to increase monotonically by hundreds of percent during fatigue from the virgin state to fracture. The increase in β during the first 80–90% fatigue life is dominated by the evolution of dislocation substructures, while the last 10–20% is dominated by crack growth. Application of the model to aluminium alloy 2024-T4 in stress-controlled loading at 276?MPa yields excellent agreement between theory and experiment.     

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of geniposide from Gardenia jasminoides

Fructus gardeniae (Zhizi), one of commonly-used traditional Chinese medicines, is derived from the ripe fruit of the evergreen shrub, Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, and is an ingredient of many traditional Chinese preparations, and has numerous pharmacological actions. Geniposide is the important bioactive element derived from F. gardeniae. This study established optimum conditions and method of ultrasound-assisted extraction for geniposide from F. gardeniae by exploring the different experimental parameters, such as type of solvent, ratio of solid/liquid, extraction temperature and extraction time. The data gained from this study is important to further extract and apply the geniposide and is also a significant reference to extract the bioactive compounds from plant materials by the ultrasound-assisted method.     

Soliton and kink jams in traffic flow with open boundaries

Soliton density wave is investigated numerically and analytically in the optimal velocity model (a car-following model) of a one-dimensional traffic flow with open boundaries. Soliton density wave is distinguished from the kink density wave. It is shown that the soliton density wave appears only at the threshold of occurrence of traffic jams. The Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation is derived from the optimal velocity model by the use of the nonlinear analysis. It is found that the traffic soliton appears only near the neutral stability line. The soliton solution is analytically obtained from the perturbed KdV equation. It is shown that the soliton solution obtained from the nonlinear analysis is consistent with that of the numerical simulation.     

HeH~(2+)分子谐波辐射的空间分布

理论研究了HeH~(2+)分子发射高次谐波的空间分布情况.结果表明:分子谐波发射主要集中在He核和H核附近.当核间距离较小时,He核辐射谐波强度要比H核辐射谐波强度高2~3个数量级.当核间距离较大时,He核辐射谐波强度要比H核辐射谐波强度高4~5个数量级.当空间非均匀激光场引入后,谐波截止能量得到延伸,并且,随着空间非均匀激光场位置由负向到正向移动(-100 a.u.到100a.u.),谐波截止得到进一步延伸.但是He核辐射谐波强度依然大于H核.最后,通过叠加谐波可获得脉宽在60 as的超短脉冲.     

Depletion interactions in cylindric pipeline

In a colloidal system confined by a small cylindric pipeline, the depletion interaction between two large spheres is different to the system confined by two plates, and the influence on depletion interaction from the pipeline is related to both the size and shape of it. In this paper, the depletion interactions in the systems confined by pipelines of different sizes or different shapes are studied by Monte Carlo simulations. The numerical results show that the influence on depletion force from the cylindric pipeline is stronger than that from two parallel plates, and the depletion force will be strengthened when the diameter of the cylinder is decreased. In addition, we also find that the depletion interaction is rather affected if the shape change of the pipeline is slightly changed, and the influence on depletion force from the shape change is stronger than that from the size change.     

基于扫描F-P标准具的高光谱分辨低平流层温度探测

报道了一种基于扫描F-P标准具的高光谱分辨低平流层大气温度探测技术。通过扫描F-P标准具,获得大气分子瑞利后向散射的透过率分布。对该透过率进行非线性拟合,由拟合得到的谱宽计算大气温度分布。为了减小频率不稳定引起的系统误差,采用静态的F-P标准具实时监测激光出射频率,并在数据处理中进行补偿。由时间分辨率2000s的激光雷达原始信号的信噪比,根据最大似然估计误差分析,该方法在30km以下的探测误差小于1.9K,50km以下的探测误差小于9.8K。在对比实验中,在18~36km高光谱分辨激光雷达与探空气球探测的温度廓线最大偏差4.7K;在27~34km,高光谱分辨激光雷达与瑞利积分激光雷达探测的温度最大偏差2.7K。在15~27km,由于气溶胶的污染,瑞利积分激光雷达的温度明显偏离其他两种探测结果,最大偏差达22.8K。     

碰撞对低频模受激散射的影响

从包括能量方程的Braginskii方程出发,讨论了低频模对电磁波的受激散射问题。求得了阈值和增率。除了多一个热模散射之外,发现布里渊散射也与过去的理论结果不同。 关键词：     

等效原理和互易性定理在两个相邻球形目标电磁散射中的应用

基于等效原理和互易性定理研究了两个相邻目标的电磁散射问题，给出了这一复合电磁散射模型的二阶散射结果. 通常平面入射波的一阶散射结果容易求解，但由于耦合效应的复杂性，很难给出二阶散射结果的解析形式. 应用互易性定理给出了求解任意相邻导体/介质目标二阶电磁散射场的公式，并利用等效原理将求解散射场公式中的体积分简化为面积分的形式，从而降低了求解难度. 同时还推导了两个目标的二次散射场之间的关系. 最后应用给出的公式，求解了两相邻球形目标的复合散射场，对双站散射结果进行了讨论，同时与应用时域积分方程法求得的结果进行了比较. 关键词： 等效原理 互易性定理 电磁散射 相邻圆球     

Calculation of the static healing length in helium II

The healing length for stagnant liquid helium II at an infinite plane boundary is calculated from the Hills-Roberts equations. A new thermodynamic function needed to complete the calculation is derived from neutron scattering and thermodynamic data. Results for the healing length are obtained from absolute zero to about a tenth of a degree from the lambda point, and at all pressures. Comparison with experimental evidence is presented.