流化床干燥实验装置气体分布板的改进

原流化床干燥实验装置没有布置气体分布板,使得床层内存在很大的死角,难以形成较佳的床内流场分布,导致学生做实验时所测得的临界含水率增大,干燥速率变小,干燥速度曲线恒速干燥阶段无法确定,鉴于此,采用双层直流式锥形孔气体分布板改进了原流化床干燥实验装置。经FLUNET数值模拟分析发现,经改进后,热空气在颗粒床层内分布的均匀性显著提高,其扩散范围明显扩大,流速更加趋于稳定,则进出口的速度差显著地降低了,减小为原实验装置的0.072倍,从而使热空气更均匀地干燥床层内的固体颗粒变色硅胶,可减小实验误差,提高实验结果的准确率。     

惰性颗粒流化床中低浓度煤层气燃烧特性实验

采用实验的方法,在鼓泡流化床燃烧装置中研究了低浓度煤层气在床内的流动和燃烧特性,考察了床层温度、气体浓度、流化风速及床料颗粒特性等操作条件变化对甲烷转化率和燃烧产物的影响。研究表明:床层温度升高,甲烷转化率显著增加;增加流化风速及进气甲烷浓度,甲烷转化率减小;颗粒粒径增加,甲烷转化率增加;CO排放浓度随床层温度的升高先增加后降低,并在床层温度约850℃时达到其最大峰值,沿流化床轴向高度CO的排放浓度先增加后降低,呈钟型分布。     

循环流化床中加入切向二次风后气固多相流动的研究

一、引言 循环流化床以其独特的运行方式受到能源等领域的重视,循环流化床结构也正在不断地改进。和以往的床体结构相比,我们拟在悬浮段中增加了切向二次风,并考虑在床体出口处加添缩口。通常循环流化床锅炉所使用的旋风分离器直径很大,这使循环流化床整个装置的体积和造价都有所增加。上述改进后的实验装置希望通过增加颗粒在炉内停留时间以及减小扬析来达到在循环流化床内分离颗粒的目的,并降低造价同时还能提高     

流化床燃烧超低浓度煤层气的轴向气体分布

超低浓度煤层气由于甲烷含量低、浓度变化大而较难加以利用。采用实验和数值模拟的方法,研究了超低浓度煤层气在流化床中燃烧特性,得到燃烧产物的轴向分布规律,分析了进气浓度、床层温度、流化风速等因素对甲烷浓度轴向分布的影响。研究结果表明:随着床层高度的增加,无量纲甲烷浓度逐渐减小,在床层表面达到最小值,然后突然增加,随后达到稳定。实验范围内,CO浓度均小于20mL/m~3减小进气浓度、增加床层温度、降低流化风速部会使相同床层高度处的无量纲甲烷浓度减小。燃烧反应主要发生在密相区,随着进气浓度的减小、床层温度的增加、流化风速的降低,反应区域逐渐向床层下部移动。     

高密度循环流化床三维全场数值模拟

对不同提升管出口结构的高密度循环流化床全场气固流动进行三维数值模拟,气相采用LES湍流模型,固相采用MP-PIC方法。系统地考察了五种不同的提升管出口条件对固体循环通量、系统压力分布和颗粒浓度和速度分布的影响。结果表明,出口结构对提升管出口处的固体循环通量、出口局部压损和出口附近颗粒浓度分布均有明显影响;与其余四种出口条件相比,采用C型光滑出口,可以使循环流化床获得更高的固体循环通量和提升管颗粒浓度;在单侧出口条件下,高通量提升管颗粒浓度呈现径向非对称分布,颗粒速度径向分布在出口附近也有明显减小。     

流态化固体颗粒对对流沸腾传热的强化

在对流沸腾系统中引入固体颗粒,固体颗粒在液体中呈流态化,从而形成气液固三相对流沸腾过程。对气液固三相流对流沸腾过程的传热特性进行了实验研究,结果表明流态化固体颗粒对液体的对流沸腾传热具有显著的强化作用。基于固体颗粒撞击沸腾气泡时的受力分析,获得了固体颗粒穿透气泡并使气泡破碎的条件,分析了流态化固体颗粒强化沸腾传热的机理。实验结果与理论分析符合良好。     

液体密度测量实验改进的研究

利用电动音叉仪测量液体密度,分析原实验仪器存在的不足,对原实验装置做了改进。通过测量水的密度,结果显示改进后的实验仪器不但提高了测量的精确度,而且操作更快捷、方便。     

热风干燥过程固壁水膜蒸发特性分析

本文对热风干燥过程固体壁面上水膜蒸发过程进行了研究,视干燥过程为传热传质耦合传递过程。结合分离变量法得到了特定边界条件下水膜内部的温度分布解析解,并以此研究了水膜厚度、水膜表面对流换热系数等因素对水膜蒸发特性的影响。结果表明水膜越厚,水膜内温度分布非线性越显著,水膜表面达到湿球温度所需时间越长。随着蒸发过程的进行,水膜内导热热流逐渐减小,水膜表面蒸发潜热逐渐增加,最终完全等于对流换热热流。     

非均匀固体籽粒近红外光谱采集方法研究

近红外光谱定性分析技术研究中实验对象主要包括液态物质、粉末状物质和非均匀固体颗粒物质。液态物质与粉末状物质属于均匀分布被测对象,光谱采集与分析相对容易。而非均匀固体样品大小不一、形态各异、内部物质分布不均匀,近红外光谱中既包含定性分析中需要提取的种类信息,又包含需要消除的个体差异信息,因此相对于均匀分布的液体或粉末状物质,非均匀固体分析难度更大。目前国内外尚未建立对于大小不一、形状各异的非均匀固体颗粒物质的有效近红外定性分析方法。以非均匀固体谷物玉米籽粒为主要研究对象,在研究多种光谱采集方式的基础上,分析了非均匀固体籽粒光谱采集的特点,设计了针对非均匀固体籽粒的光谱采集装置,为确保实验结果的客观性,采用了朴素贝叶斯分类器、K近邻、支持向量机、BP神经网络、仿生模式识别等5种模式识别方法,建立在漫反射及漫透射方式下单籽粒玉米近红外光谱多品种定性分析模型,并对漫反射与漫透射方式下所建立的定性分析模型进行对比实验,分析胚面朝向对玉米单籽粒的漫反射与漫透射光谱定性分析模型鉴别效果影响,测试集与建模集时间间隔长短对漫反射及漫透射方式下玉米单籽粒品种鉴别精度的影响。实验结果表明采用漫透射方式建立的模型不易受到非均匀固体籽粒摆放方式的影响,且模型具有更好的泛化能力,为后续研究提供可行光谱采集方法。以非均匀固体玉米籽粒为主要实验对象,对其采集方法与定性分析模型进行研究,可为类似形态被测物体的近红外光谱定性分析提供有益借鉴,具有重要研究意义。     

V型流化床最小完全流态化速度的研究

一、概述 V型流化床可以使颗粒在床内获得良好的内循环运动,提高床的均匀性,延长颗粒在床内的运动路径,为燃烧、传热提供良好的条件。V型流化床的布风装置是由两块呈一定角度的布风板连接而成,布风板与水平线呈一定的夹角,使得料层高度沿床宽方向产生一定的差异,从而使床内形成按某一规律分布的压力差,床内颗粒在该压力差的作用下,在     

关于"太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系"的讨论

讨论了银道面内的引力场强分布和太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系，指出引力场强g并不是与r的平方成反比，这是由于银河系的大小和形状不能忽略造成的．强调了万有引力定律的适用条件．     

On the calculation of the bremsstrahlung in the region of the plasma frequency

On the basis of the classical theory of radiation produced in incomplete Coulomb interaction, a formula is derived for the coefficient of the bremsstrahlung of fully ionized plasma. In the region of rectilinear approximation a comparison is made with the results of the quantum formula derived from the Born approximation. Furthermore, the influence of dispersion upon the emission coefficient is taken into account; some relations for the region of dispersion are given.     

Dependence of the Intensity of the Spectral Lines and the Composition of the Sample and the Plasma Parameters of the Unipolar Arc

The investigation was made of the dependence of the intensity of Tl, Ga, Mo, Mg, Mn, Sn, Bi, Ni, Zn, Pt and Au spectral lines and the plasma parameters (temperature T, electron concentration n_e, degree of 6 ionnization α) from concentration of lithium additive.     

On the predictability of the positions of the convergence zones in the ocean

The disagreement between the experimental and calculated positions of the first convergence zone are known from many publications. The most probable cause for such a disagreement, namely, the incorrect specification of the input data for the calculations, is considered. The lack of simultaneity between the hydrological surveys of the region and the acoustic experiments is emphasized. The experimental data obtained by the author in five ocean regions are presented. These data characterize the diurnal variability of the distance from the source to the nearest boundary of the convergence zone. The relations proposed by different researchers for calculating the sound speed from the temperature, salinity, and hydrostatic pressure are analyzed. It is shown that these relations lead to a substantial difference in the estimated depth dependence of the hydrostatic gradient of the sound speed. The position of the first convergence zone is calculated for the propagation conditions determined by vertical temperature and salinity profiles with the subsequent recalculation of these profiles into sound speed profiles by using eight different formulas known from the literature. It is shown that different formulas lead to different values of the distance to the first zone; this difference is substantially greater than that between the calculations and experiment. The necessity of improving the recalculation relations in view of the experimental data on sound propagation in natural oceanic waveguides, including the data on the actual positions of the convergence zones, is emphasized.     

Extracting the wavefunction of the LSP at the LHC

We consider associated production of squarks and gluinos with the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), or states nearly degenerate in mass with it. Though sub-dominant to pair production of color SU(3)-charged superpartners, these processes are directly sensitive to the wavefunction composition of the lightest neutralinos. Exploiting event-shape variables - including some introduced here for the first time - we are able to identify the composition of the LSP by selecting events involving a single high-pT jet recoiling against missing transverse energy. We illustrate the proposed technique on a set of benchmark cases and propose methods for applying these results in more realistic experimental environments.     

Set the controls for the heart of the Sun

In this paper we describe experiments conducted with high-power lasers that are attempting to replicate, for a very short time and in miniature, conditions found in the Sun. Experiments to date have reached conditions in the outer part of the Sun. To reach the Sun's centre requires compression of material to very much greater than solid density and heating to over ten million degrees. To achieve this, a new class of experiments and a new generation of high-power lasers are required.     

On the Question of the Source of the Apokamp

Technical Physics - The object of this work is the apokamp—a new type of plasma jet, which is formed from a bright offshoot emerging at the bending point of a channel of a high-voltage...