重建极性连续统理论的基本定律和原理(Ⅸ)——热力学

对现有的微极连续统场论的基本定律进行了再研究,并指出了它们的不完整性．建立起新的微极连续统热静力学和热动力学的第一和第二基本定律．从这些定律可以很自然地和同时推导出热静力学的所有平衡方程和熵不等式以及热动力学的所有均衡方程和熵率不等式．随时对这里得到的新结果与现有微极连续力学专著和教科书中的相应结果进行了比较．着重指出的是,为什么从现有的微极连续统热动力学基本定律不能推导出局部能量均衡方程和局部熵不等式问题已经得到阐明．     

给定参数的单圈图的乘积离心率电阻距离（英文）

一个图G的乘积离心率电阻距离ξ*R(G)是在图上的所有无序顶点对的顶点对应的离心率和顶点对之间的电阻距离的乘积的和.本文运用了图变换的方法,分别刻画了所有的n个顶点的单圈图中,具有最大、第二大、最小和第二小乘积离心率电阻距离的极值图.进一步,分别刻画了所有的n个顶点且给定最大度的单圈图中,具有最大、第二大和第三大乘积离心率电阻距离的极值图.     

洛伦兹平坦空间L4中的一般弹性曲线

研究了4维Lorentz-Minkowski空间中,非类光曲线的曲率能量作用的极值曲线,求出了一般弹性曲线的运动方程和3个沿着一般弹性曲线的Killing场,用这些Killing场建立了一个柱面坐标系并用积分表示了一般弹性曲线.     

中心引力场中刚-弹耦合系统平面运动的相对平衡点的稳定性

研究了中心力场中的刚-弹耦合系统的平面运动动力学, 综合考虑了系统轨道运动与姿态运动, 利用变分原理给出了系统的运动方程. 并以广义Hamilton力学的视点, 利用能量-动量方法给出了一类相对平衡点的稳定性条件.     

附加非线性振子的双稳态电磁式振动能量捕获器动力学特性研究

随着微机电科技的进步,利用环境振动进行系统自供电已经成为目前非线性动力学研究的热点.将质量-弹簧-阻尼系统与双稳态振动能量捕获系统相结合,提出了附加非线性振子的双稳态电磁式振动能量捕获器,建立系统的力学模型及控制方程.通过数值仿真研究了简谐激励下质量比和调频比发生变化时附加非线性振子的双稳态电磁式振动能量捕获器的动力学响应.通过与附加线性振子双稳态系统的对比,获得了上述参数对附加非线性振子的双稳态电磁式振动能量捕获器发生大幅运动的影响规律,显示出附加非线性振子的双稳态电磁式振动能量捕获器的优越性,并获得了附加非线性振子的双稳态电磁式振动能量捕获器发生连续大幅混沌运动的最优参数配合.上述研究结果为双稳态电磁式振动能量捕获系统的相关研究提供了理论基础.     

Brinkman流体与Darcy流体界面连接共振渗透对流的结构稳定性

考虑了在一个有界区域上界面链接的两种多孔介质流体的结构稳定性.它们的控制方程分别为Brinkman方程与Darcy方程,而且在Brinkman流体中存在一个热源或散热器,当考虑平面无限层中的热对流时,流体内层之间可能出现共振从而可能导致不稳定.首先通过推导温度的先验界,分析了流体对热源或散热器的连续依赖性.第二个研究内容就是假设系统在区域的边界处满足牛顿冷却定律,获得了模型对冷却系数的连续依赖性.     

重建极性连续统理论的基本定律和原理(Ⅹ)——主均衡定律

通过对诸主均衡定律和应用Noether定理得出的守恒定律进行比较,自然地导出微极连续统力学的1个统一的主均衡定律和6个物理上可能的均衡方程．其中,通过扩展众所周知和惯用的能量动量张量的概念,得到相当一般的定名为能量-动量的、能量-角动量的和能量-能量的守恒定律和均衡方程．显然,在这后3种情况下的主均衡定律中,物理场量是难以凭借直觉假定出来的．最后,作为特殊情形,直接推演出若干现有的结果．     

层状二维流动的基本方程式

在很多海洋、大气等二维流动问题中所用的动力学方程往往沿用推广后的河流水力学方程或"纳维-斯托克斯方程"其中把湍流阻力项写成这样的方程式和湍流阻力项用到实际问题上去,无疑是存在着极大的局限性,而将导致矛盾百出.本文则从雷诺方程出发,把所有的物理量沿深度加以平均,求出平均以后的物理量所满足的运动方程,连续方程和扩散方程.     

带有升降气囊与压块的飞艇动力学建模

研究飞艇的动力学建模,将飞艇的机体视为浮力与重力相等的浸没刚体,且考虑了飞艇机体与升降气囊以及压块之间的动力学耦合作用．整体的动力学方程首先通过Newton-Euler定律和Kirchhoff方程推出．此外,应用Hamilton与Lagrange半直积约化理论,可以将动力学方程解释为Lie-Poisson系统或者Euler-Poincaré系统．这两种动力学描述在基于能量的控制设计中有着重要作用．     

大尺度湿大气原始方程组对边界参数的连续依赖性

大气的大尺度动力学方程由Navier-Stokes方程导出的原始方程组控制,并与热力学和盐度扩散输运方程耦合.在过去的几十年里,人们从数学的角度对大气、海洋与耦合了大气和海洋的原始方程组进行了广泛的研究.许多学者的研究主要关注原始方程组在数学上的逻辑性,即方程组的适定性.笔者开始注意到研究原始方程组自身稳定性的必要性.因为在模型建立、简化的过程中不可避免地会出现一些误差,这就需要研究方程组中系数的微小变化是否会引起方程组解的巨大变化.该文运用原始方程组解的先验估计,结合能量估计与微分不等式技术,展示了如何控制水汽比,证明了大尺度湿大气原始方程组的解对边界参数的连续依赖性.     

On thermomechanical laws for the motion of a phase interface

This paper discusses the formulation of balance laws for mass, force, and energy in conjunction with a law of entropy growth for the motion of a sharp evolving phase interface within a continuum framework.

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Zusammenfassung In dieser Arbeit werden Erhaltungssätze für Masse, Kraft und Energie sowie eine Entropieungleichung für die räumliche Ausbreitung einer scharfen Phasengrenzschicht im Rahmen eines kontinuierlichen Modells diskutiert.

     

Time-reversal symmetry,Poincaré recurrence,irreversibility, and the entropic arrow of time: From mechanics to system thermodynamics

In this paper, we use a large-scale dynamical systems perspective to provide a system-theoretic foundation for thermodynamics. Specifically, using a state space formulation, we develop a nonlinear compartmental dynamical system model characterized by energy conservation laws that is consistent with basic thermodynamic principles. In addition, we establish the existence of a unique, continuously differentiable global entropy function for our large-scale dynamical system, and using Lyapunov stability theory we show that the proposed thermodynamic model has convergent trajectories to Lyapunov stable equilibria determined by the system initial energies. Finally, using the system entropy, we establish the absence of Poincaré recurrence for our thermodynamic model and develop a clear connection between irreversibility, the second law of thermodynamics, and the entropic arrow of time.     

The economic order quantity repair and waste disposal model with entropy cost

As markets have become more and more competitive, disorder has become a prevailing characteristic of modern production systems that are operating in complex, dynamic and uncertain environments. Minimizing disorder in these production systems requires stringent control measures by management, with costs that are usually hidden or difficult to estimate. Not accounting for these costs leads to less efficient production systems. This paper postulates that the behaviour of production systems very much resembles that of physical systems. Such a parallel suggests that improvements to production systems may be achievable by applying the first and second laws of thermodynamics to reduce system entropy (or disorder). The applicability of these laws is demonstrated in a simple reverse supply chain context, where products are collected and later repaired at some rate while other products might be disposed outside according to some waste disposal rate. Numerical examples are provided.     

重建极性连续统理论的基本定律和原理(Ⅱ)——微态连续统理论和偶应力理论

重建微态连续统理论和偶应力理论的动量和动量矩均衡定律以及能量守恒定律,并由这些定律自然地推导出相应的局部和非局部均衡方程。这些结果可由耦合型微极连续统理论过渡和归结而得到。把推导出的结果和传统的质量和微惯性守恒定律以及熵不等式结合在一起就构成微态连续统理论和偶应力理论的基本均衡定律和方程体系。还弄清了以前的各种连续统理论的不完整性层次。最后,给出了几种特殊情形。     

Thermal effects in the description of a multicomponent mixture using the density functional method

The use of a model, based on an expression for the total entropy in the form of a functional with the temperature and density gradients of the components, is proposed to describe a multicomponent, multiphase system using continuous hydrodynamics (that is, within the framework of the approach of the continuum mechanics without discontinuities in the hydrodynamic quantities). It is proved that this model is consistent with the zeroth law of thermodynamics. Expressions for the stress tensor, the diffusion fluxes and the heat flux are found from the condition that the entropy production is non-negative. Compared with the classical Newton, Fick and Fourier laws, these expressions contain third-order spatial derivatives, The problem of a mixture between two parallel and impermeable walls at different temperatures is analysed. In this case, the system of dynamic equations reduces to a system of ordinary differential equations. It is shown that the number of free parameters, on which the solution depends, corresponds to the number of boundary and general integral conditions.     

Information and system modelling

In this paper, we first give a clear mathematical definition of information. Then based on this definition of information we consider two routes of system modelling. One route is with stochastic information and the other route is with deterministic information. The route with stochastic information gives the usual information theory where information is carried by random variables or stochastic processes. With this route of stochastic information we can derive quantum mechanics. Then our new feature is the route with deterministic information. We show that with deterministic information we can establish deterministic quantum systems (which are quantum systems with no probability interpretation). From these deterministic quantum systems we can derive the three laws of thermodynamics and resolve the paradox between the second law of thermodynamics and the evolution phenomena of the world. We resolve this paradox by clarifying the relation between Shannon information entropy, Boltzmann entropy and the entropy for the second law. This clarification also solves the negative entropy problem of Schroedinger. These deterministic quantum systems which are established with deterministic information can be regarded as solutions to the the debate between Bohr and Einstein and the measurement problem of quantum mechanics because of their deterministic nature and their quantum structure.     

广义连续流场论中新的功能及功率能率原理

提出极性和非局部极性连续统场论中具有交叉项的新的功能及功率能率原理,并据此和广义的Piola定理一次性地而且无需其它要求地推导出所有相应的运动方程和边界条件以及新的能量和能率均衡方程。同时,建立起广义连续统力学中的新的能量和能率均衡原理。给出的新的功能及能率原理纠正了现有文献中所有有关不带交叉项的能量和能率原理的不完整性。     

A reformulation of the nonsmooth approaches of M. Frémond and J.J. Moreau for rigid body dynamics

This paper deals with the nonsmooth dynamics of a rigid bodies system. The proposed theory is inspired by the formalism of J.J. Moreau and that of M. Frémond and relies on the notion of percussion which is the integral of the contact force during the duration of the collision. Contrary to classical discrete element models, it is here assumed that percussions can be expressed as a function of only the velocity before the impact. This assumption is checked for the usual mechanical constitutive laws for collisions derived from a pseudopotential of dissipation or the Coulomb friction law. Motion equations are then reformulated taking into account simultaneous collisions of solids. A mathematical study of the new model is presented: the existence and uniqueness of the solution are discussed according to the regularity of both the forces (Lebesgue‐density occurring during the regular evolution of the system) and the percussions (Dirac‐density describing the collision). In the light of the principles of thermodynamics, a condition on the internal percussion assuring that the collision is thermodynamically admissible, is established. Finally, an application of this new model to the motion of a system of rigid disks, including simultaneous collisions is presented.