手性含硫恶唑硼烷催化芳酮不对称还原反应的量子化学研究

用HF方法在6-31G^*基组下,对手性含硫恶唑硼烷催化苯乙酮不对称还原反应进行了量子化学从头算研究。还原反应经历了催化剂-硼烷加合物、催化剂-硼烷-酮加合物、催化剂-烷氧基硼烷加合物的生成以及催化剂-烷氧基硼烷加合物的离解过程。催化剂-硼烷加合物、催化剂-硼烷-酮加合物和催化剂-烷氧基硼烷加合物的生成分别为放热、吸热、放热过程;催化剂-烷氧基硼烷加合物离解成催化剂烷氧基硼烷为吸热过程。催化剂-硼烷-酮加合物和催化剂-烷氧基硼烷加合物都存在四种稳定的结构。最有利于氢转移的催化剂-硼烷-酮加合物结构是次低能量结构,并且具有扭曲的船形结构。催化剂-烷氧基硼烷加合物含有一个B-O-B-N四元环,尽管四元环有较大的张力,但加合物仍有较高的稳定性。     

用于苯选择加氢制环己烯的非晶态合金Ru-La-B/ZrO2催化剂的失活与再生

 研究了在中试装置上经长期运转后的非晶态合金Ru-La-B/ZrO2催化剂的失活原因与再生方法. 结果表明: 催化剂失活不是由微孔堵塞、比表面积减小、晶粒长大或催化剂中毒而引起的,而是由于在长期运转过程中催化剂吸附了反应浆液中的Zn2+ 和反应器壁引入的Fe2+ , 通过酸洗的方法可以使催化剂的活性和选择性基本恢复.     

Impact of ageing on the distribution of platinum group elements and catalyst poisoning elements in automobile catalysts

The distribution of platinum group elements (PGEs) and catalyst poisoning elements (Pb, Zn, P and S) on the surface of gasoline and diesel automobile catalysts was investigated within this study. Laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA–ICPMS) provides both the sensitivity and the spatial resolution required for the surface analysis of sectioned automobile catalysts, and scanning along channels reveals the distribution of longitudinal changes in PGE and catalyst poisoning elements. Changes in catalyst surface features were studied for fresh catalysts and after ageing of the catalyst up to 80 000 km for both types of catalysts studied. The PGEs in the gasoline catalyst were found to decrease at the front of the catalyst after ageing, whereas the diesel catalyst presented a more constant loss along the catalyst. The fraction of poisoning elements (Pb, P and Zn for the gasoline catalyst and P and Zn for the diesel catalyst) retained by the catalyst is distributed non‐uniformly over the length of the catalyst. This could indicate different ageing mechanisms for gasoline and diesel catalysts. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

氯对钌基氨合成催化剂的影响

氯离子的脱除是制备高性能钌催化剂的一个重要步骤。本文综述了新型钌基氨合成催化剂制备过程中的脱氯环节。介绍了以RuCl₃·3H₂O作为活性前驱体的钌催化剂中氯离子的来源、氯在催化剂中的存在方式、它对催化剂的毒害作用以及去除氯离子的方法。     

Polymer-supported lewis acid catalysts. VII. Polystyrene-bonded Ti(IV) chloride catalysts

A polystyrene-bonded Ti(IV) chloride catalyst was synthesized by the reaction of a polystyryl lithium (catalyst I , PS—TiCl₂) or a polystyryl magnesium (catalyst II , PS-TiCl₃) combined with titanium tetrachloride. The catalyst produced is a polymeric organometallic compound containing 0.479 mmol Ti/g catalyst, 0.986 mmol Cl/g catalyst (catalyst I ) and 0.281 mmol Ti/g catalyst, 0.766 mmol Cl/g catalyst (catalyst II ), depending on the method of synthesis. Both catalysts showed very good stability and good catalytic activity in such organic reactions as esterification, acetalation, and ketal formation. They can be reused many times without losing its catalytic activity. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

烷基化催化剂表面酸性及催化性能的动力学研究

在确定关联升温速率、脱附峰温和脱附峰覆盖率的程序升温脱附动力学模型的基础上，通过TPD实验和模型参数估值，建立了表征催化剂酸密度、酸强度及强度分布情况的方法。研究表明，随着活化温度的提高，固体酸催化剂表面酸中心强度分布先变宽后趋于均匀，350?℃活化催化剂的强度分布最宽；催化剂表面酸强度和酸密度随活化温度提高均呈先增大后降低、分别在350 ℃和250 ℃活化温度达到极大值的变化规律。催化剂酸性与催化性能关联的结果表明，随着活化温度的提高，烷基化反应速率常数与总脱附量的变化趋势相同，而催化剂失活速率常数与脱附活化能变化趋势相同；催化剂活性稳定性随其酸强度的增大而变差，催化剂活性与催化剂酸量和酸强度有关。     

费托合成中Co/ZrO2/SiO2催化剂的失活行为

 采用等体积分步浸渍法制备了费托合成用Co/ZrO2/SiO2催化剂,并用XRD,TPR和N2-吸附等手段对催化剂进行了表征. 考察了催化剂在费托反应过程中的结构变化和失活行为. 结果表明,反应过程中硅酸钴物种的生成是催化剂失活的主要原因,且硅酸钴的生成与产物水的分压有关; 晶粒长大也可能是催化剂失活的原因之一.     

钯催化气相氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯

通过催化剂反应性能和反应前后XPS谱图对比，分析了负载型钯催化剂在甲醇气相氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯过程中的失活原因，研究了HCl在维持催化剂活性及失活催化剂再生中的作用．结果表明，氯离子的流失是负载型钯碳催化剂失活的主要原因．由于氯离子的流失，对于PdCl2／AC催化剂，钯很容易从二价变为零价：对于PdCl2-CuCl2／AC催化剂，CuCl2发生变化，失去使钯保持二价氯化物状态的功能．在反应过程中补充HCl可以延长催化剂的寿命，也可以利用HCl对失活催化剂进行再生，但采用HCl不能从根本上解决催化剂失活的问题．     

汽油制氢反应催化剂制备方法研究

对汽油氧化重整制氢反应催化剂制备方法进行了实验 ,研究了双金M N/Al2 O3 预还原与否对汽油制氢反应的活性、生成氢气的选择性及催化剂的稳定性。实验结果表明 ,催化剂的制备方法不同 ,在汽油氧化重制氢反应中催化剂活性、生成氢的选择性不同 ,还原态的好于非还原态的双金属催化剂 ;还原与否对该双金属催化剂的稳定性影响不大。     

聚烯烃催化剂的发展及我们的对策

评述了聚烯烃催化剂的几个重要发展阶段，讨论了Ziegler-Natta催化剂，茂金属催化剂及非茂有机金属催化剂的组成及特征，提出了我国在聚烯烃催化剂开发方面的对策。     

Catalytic features of a low-temperature reduced alumina-supported platinum catalyst. Activity and selectivity in the liquid-phase hydrogenation of benzaldehyde and nitrobenzene

A low-temperature reduced (LR) supported platinum catalyst was used for the hydrogenation of benzaldehyde, nitrobenzene and their mixture in ethanol, and compared with a high-temperature reduced (HR) catalyst. For benzaldehyde the LR catalyst was highly active to the formation of benzyl alcohol and did not give benzaldehyde diethyl acetal, which was largely formed by the HR catalyst. For the mixture, benzylideneaniline was selectively produced by the LR catalyst, while the HR catalyst gave benzylaniline and the acetal.     

固体超强酸催化合成富马酸二甲酯的研究

研究了以ZrO2／SO42-固体超强酸催化富马酸和甲醇合成富马酸二甲酯的反应，表征了催化剂的物化性质，探讨了催化剂制备条件、原料配比、反应时间、催化剂用量等工艺参数对收率的影响。催化剂的重复使用实验表明：ZrO2／SO42-是富马酸二甲酯合成的较适宜的催化剂。     

SiO2骨架支撑MoOx催化剂用于正庚烷异构化反应

 采用SEM，XRD，EDS及N2吸附－脱附方法研究了骨架型MoOx－SiO2催化剂和负载型MoOx／SiO2催化剂的物理化学结构，并在常压固定床流动反应器上考察了两种催化剂对正庚烷异构化反应的催化性能．结果表明，在MoOx－SiO2催化剂中，44．6％的SiO2即可起到很好的骨架支撑作用；MoOx晶相以足够大的空间区域聚集包裹在SiO2骨架中，形成类似MoOx催化剂的独特的中孔结构．与MoOx催化剂相比，MoOx－SiO2催化剂显著提高了机械强度，并维持了MoOx催化剂较高的活性和选择性．由于钼物种和载体之间的相互作用，负载型MoOx／SiO2催化剂表现出较低的比活性．脉冲注入H2S实验结果表明，MoOx－SiO2催化剂具有较好的抗硫性能．     

用NH4F络合还原法制备的炭载Pd催化剂对甲酸分解的催化性能和甲酸氧化的电催化性能

直接甲酸燃料电池(DFAFC)的两大问题是炭载Pd(Pd/C)催化剂对甲酸氧化的电催化稳定性不好和Pd催化剂能催化甲酸分解。发现用NH4F络合还原法制备的NH4F修饰Pd/C催化剂对甲酸氧化的电催化活性要比Pd/C催化剂好大约20%,电催化稳定性也要稍优于Pd/C催化剂。在120 s内和30℃下,甲酸在Pd/C催化剂上分解产生38 mL气体,但在NH4F修饰Pd/C催化剂上基本上不分解,因此NH4F修饰主要能抑制Pd催化剂催化分解甲酸的能力,而且又能在一定程度上提高Pd/C催化剂对甲酸氧化的电催化性能。     

裂化催化剂水热失活动力学及装置平衡活性模型

根据裂化催化剂水热失活过程伴随着超稳化过程的特点，确定了对应不同自抑制函数的催化剂水热失活动力学模型方程。利用裂化催化剂水热失活实验数据进行参数估值，建立了裂化催化剂水热失活动力学模型。统计检验结果表明，二级自抑制的一级水热失活模型能很好地模拟实验数据，是较理想的水热失活动力学模型。考虑工业装置中裂化催化剂呈全混流，建立了裂化催化剂平衡活性模型方程，并且装置平衡催化剂微反活性的模型计算值与实测值相当吻合。该模型的预测结果表明，随着再生器温度或催化剂藏量的提高，平衡剂的微反活性逐步降低；平衡剂微反活性随催化剂单耗的提高先快速提高，然后缓慢提高。     

Comparison of silyl chromate and chromium oxide based olefin polymerization catalysts

A comparison of the ethylene polymerization performance conducted with an oxo and a triphenylsilyl chromate catalyst on silica was performed. The oxo catalyst has higher activity and better comonomer response. The silylchromate catalyst has a much longer induction time and made a much broader molecular weight distribution polymer compared to the oxo analogue. Performance similar to silylchromate on silica was observed when triphenylsilanol (TPS) was added to the oxo chromium catalyst. The oxo catalyst was converted to the silyl chromate catalyst by ligand substitution. Analysis of the catalyst components when TPS was added to the oxo chrome analogue showed that bis triphenylsilyl chromate can form and be removed from the support.     

木质素负载钯催化剂的制备及对Heck反应的催化性能

以天然木质素和PdC l2为原料,合成了木质素负载钯催化剂,用IR、XPS、TG、DTA等对其进行了表征.研究表明,该催化剂在空气氛围中能催化丙烯酸与芳基碘的Heck反应,并有一定的重复使用性能.     

由Mg(nBu)2制备的MgCl2载体催化剂的烯烃聚合动力学

讨论了催化剂ＣＤ，ＣＭ和ＣＤ－Ａ的乙烯和丙烯聚合动力学曲线，只有催化剂ＣＤ在丙烯聚合时加入外给电子体其动力学曲线为上升－衰减型，其它均为衰减型，催化剂ＣＤ丙烯聚合活性高于催化剂ＣＭ。丙烯聚合时加入外给电子体使总活性中心浓度降低，但等规中心浓度反应增加。同种载体制备的催化剂ＣＤ和ＣＤ－Ａ载钛过程中加入内给电子体，可使其聚合活性增加，在一定范围内，随Ａｌ／Ｔｉ增加，在一定范围内，随Ａｌ／Ｔｉ增加，催化     

Chemical Immobilization of Heteropolyacid Catalyst on Inorganic Mesoporous Material for use as an Oxidation Catalyst

Recent progress on the chemical immobilization of heteropolyacid (HPA) catalyst on inorganic mesoporous material is reported in this review. Mesostructured cellular foam silica, mesoporous carbon, and nitrogen-containing mesoporous carbon were used as supporting materials. The mesoporous materials were modified to have a positive charge, and thus, to provide sites for the immobilization of HPA catalyst. By taking advantage of the overall negative charge of heteropolyanion, the HPA catalyst was chemically immobilized on the surface-modified mesoporous material as a charge-compensating component. Characterization results showed that the HPA catalyst was finely and molecularly dispersed on the surface of mesoporous material via strong chemical immobilization, and that the pore structure of mesoporous material was still maintained even after the immobilization of HPA catalyst. The supported HPA catalysts were applied to the model vapor-phase ethanol conversion, 2-propanol conversion, and methacrolein oxidation reactions. The supported HPA catalyst showed a better oxidation catalytic activity than the unsupported HPA catalyst in the model reactions. The enhanced oxidation catalytic performance of the supported HPA catalyst was attributed to the finely dispersed HPA catalyst, which was chemically immobilized on the positive site of mesoporous material by sacrificing its proton (Brönsted acid site). The HPA catalyst chemically immobilized on mesoporous material served as an excellent oxidation catalyst.     

氮掺杂碳纳米管包覆碳化硅作为不含金属的催化剂(英文)

A hierarchical metal-free catalyst consisting of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes decorated onto a silicon carbide (N-CNTs/SiC) macroscopic host structure was prepared. The influence of N-CNTs incorporation on the physical properties of the support was evaluated using different characterization techniques. The catalyst was tested as a metal-free catalyst in the selective oxidation of H2S and steam-free dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene. The N-CNTs/SiC catalyst exhibited extremely good desulfurization performance compared to a Fe2O3/SiC catalyst under less conducive reaction conditions such as low temperature, high space velocity, and a low O2-to-H2S molar ratio. For the dehy-drogenation of ethylbenzene, a higher dehydrogenation activity was obtained with the N-CNTs/SiC catalyst compared to a commercial K-Fe/Al2O3 catalyst. The N-CNTs/SiC catalyst also displayed good stability as a function of time on stream for both reactions, which was attributed to the strong anchoring of the nitrogen dopant in the carbon matrix. The extrudate shape of the SiC support allowed the direct macroscopic shaping of the catalyst for use in a conventional fixed-bed reactor without the problems of catalyst handling, transportation, and pressure drop across the catalyst bed that are encountered with nanoscopic carbon-based catalysts.