石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定血清中铜

铜系人体内含有的微量元素。测定血清中Cu/Zn比值,有助于病因分析和提供诊断依据。目前,测定血清铜所用的仪器分析方法甚多。本法无需对血清样进行预处理,取样量仅20—50μl。碱金属和碱土金属卤化物无干扰。特征质量m。为5.6pg/0.0044A.S,回收率98～102%,变异系数1.7-2.7%。     

主元素分析法及其在分析化学中的应用

近些年来,随着气相色谱、液相色谱、质谱和各种光谱等等现代仪器的出现,各种仪器分析方法的应用已日趋普及,为化学工作者提供了强有力的手段。与此同时分析仪器的计算机控制和分析结果的计算机处理也愈来愈广泛,强化了现代仪器分析方法的功能,在     

短波近红外过程分析仪的研制与应用

本文介绍一种短波近红外(700～1100nm)过程分析仪的研制与应用。仪器在722型单光束光栅分光光度计的基础上研制成,包括光源、光栅单色器、硅探测器、信号放大、A/D转换、8位单片微型计算机、数码显示和RS-232C串行通讯接口等几部分,它具有光谱扫描、串行通讯及分析结果预测功能。仪器校正采用PLS(偏最小二乘)回归法。在应用方面,根据氨水在短波红外区的吸收光谱,利用所研制的仪器实现了氨浓度的非破坏性分析,对于氨浓度为0～13.5mol/L的试样,预测标准差(SEP)为0.116mol/L。     

一种流体包裹体水中氢同位素分析方法

<正>申请公布号:CN104181245A申请公布日:2014.12.03申请人:中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所摘要本发明公开了一种流体包裹体水中氢同位素分析方法。该方法采用水样采集仪器和TC/EA–IRMS联用仪器;所述水样采集仪器包括真空连通管路、样品爆裂装置和水样收集装置;所述水样收集装置包括石英收集管,所述石英收     

MDI—1型微机测碘仪的研制

本文确定在硫酸铈催化比色法中,光电流对时间的一阶导数i′与碘离子浓度C呈线性关系。研制了MDI-1型微机测碘仪。线性范围0.5～80μg/L。相对偏差4.2％。分析速度30s/次(5～80μg/L碘)。应用于生物和环境样品中微量碘测定。仪器有自动显示结果和打印浓度值以及计算功能。中央处理器采用单片机8039。8位A/D转换器为ADC0809。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水中BPA、NP和OP含量

采用国产新型D4020大孔吸附树脂自制固相萃取柱,研究了柱长、上样速度、样品溶液的pH、盐浓度等因素对壬基酚、辛基酚和双酚A吸附率的影响,确定了最佳固相萃取条件,建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱测定水中痕量壬基酚、辛基酚和双酚A的分析方法.该法双酚A、壬基酚和辛基酚的检出限分别为0.432 μg/L、0.998 μg/L和1.336 μg/L,回收率为91%～96%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.5%～5.6%.方法简便快速、成本低廉,灵敏度高,准确度好,用于实际水样分析,取得满意结果.     

超临界色谱法同时测定化妆品中维生素A类衍生物和维生素D2,D3

采用超临界色谱法建立了同时测定化妆品中维生素A乙酸酯、维生素A丙酸酯、维生素A棕榈酸酯、维生素D2和D3的分析方法。水溶性化妆品和油溶性化妆品经不同比例的水-乙腈-正己烷溶剂体系按不同的添加顺序进行分散、提取后,采用Viridis BEH 2-EP色谱柱(250×4.6 mm,5μm),以CO2为流动相,异丙醇-正己烷(1∶1)为改性剂,进行梯度洗脱分离,光电二极管矩阵检测器(SFC-PDA)检测,结合保留时间和光谱图定性,外标标准曲线法定量。实验结果表明,5种目标物质量浓度在1.0~60 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9992~0.9996;维生素A乙酸酯、维生素A丙酸酯、维生素A棕榈酸酯的定量下限(S/N=10)为4.0 mg/kg,维生素D2和D3的定量下限(S/N=10)为8.0 mg/kg。空白基质加标回收率为93.8%~110.1%,相对标准偏差(RSDs)小于13%。方法适用于各类化妆品中维生素A乙酸酯、维生素A丙酸酯、维生素A棕榈酸酯、维生素D2和D3的测定。     

毛细管电泳微机化扫描伏安检测器

描述了一种毛细管电泳微机化扫描伏安检测器,用微机通过D/A和A/D转换器控制扫描电压和采集电流信号,用12bit的D/A转换器和12bit的A/D转换器通过伏安仪分别与Ag/AgCl参比电极和工作电极相连,进行电位控制和数据采集.讨论了扫描电位的产生和数据采集的控制方法,并用本系统分离测定了对苯二酚和儿茶酚,结果令人满意.     

区分化学分析法与仪器分析法适用性的实践教学探索

根据方法原理,分析化学的常用分析方法可分为化学分析法和仪器分析法。高灵敏度、高选择性、高自动化、数字化和智能化已成为分析化学的发展方向,仪器分析法成为了分析化学发展的主流和热点。因此,在校本科生往往忽视化学分析法的重要作用以及适用范围,陷入仪器分析法为万能分析方法的误区。本文选用络合滴定法和原子吸收光谱法分别对常量含铅样品进行测试,通过考察测试结果的相对误差大小,探索了化学分析法和仪器分析法的适用范围,从而纠正了在校本科生的唯仪器分析法的错误观念。     

采用有机进样系统-电感耦合等离子体质谱法直接进样测定食用油中铅、砷、铜、铝、镍

目的采用加氧附件-有机进样系统建立了ICP-MS直接进样测定食用油中铅、砷、铜、镍、铝等元素的分析方法。方法采用航空煤油为稀释剂,按照油/溶剂(质量比)1/9加以稀释后直接进入ICP-MS仪器分析,采用钇、铍混合内标来补偿仪器信号漂移和基体效应。结果方法检出限:铅为0.09μg/kg、砷为0.07μg/kg、铜为0.1μg/kg、镍为0.11μg/kg、铝为0.55μg/kg;相对标准偏差5%;加标回收率在95%~105%之间。结论该研究所建立的方法适用于食用油等有机样品中重金属元素的检测分析。     

S671智能化钾钠分析仪的研究与应用

应用微电子技术和离子选择电极测量原理实现人体血液和尿中钾、钠离子分析的自动化和智能化。该仪器能自动完成电极的校正、清洗、测量及报警,并对测量值进行计算和输出分析结果。本文应用S671智能化钾钠分析仪对水样、质控血清及人体血清中的钾、钠进行了全自动的测量,具有很大的临床意义。     

A fluorescent sensor with high selectivity and sensitivity for potassium in water

This communication describes a new optical sensor suitable for practical measurement of extracellular (serum or whole blood) potassium. The sensor responds rapidly and reversibly to changes in potassium concentrations typical of whole blood samples. No interferences from clinical concentrations of calcium or pH are observed, and the sodium interference is very minor. Excitation and emission occur in the visible light region. This new potassium sensor is currently used in the Roche OPTI CCA, a commercially available whole blood analyzer.     

Simultaneous flow-injection analysis of three components with on-line dialyzers in series. Determination of sodium, potassium and chloride in blood serum

A fast and reliable fully automated three-component flow-injection procedure for the simultaneous determination of sodium, potassium and chloride in blood serum is described. A single sample injection (100-mul blood serum) is directed to two different channels by using two dialyzers in series. To avoid interferences and blocking of the fine jet of the atomizer, sodium and potassium are dialyzed by the first dialyzer before measurement by AES with a flame photometer. A second dialyzer in series is used to eliminate interferences and for automated dilution before the dialyzed chloride is measured by UV/VIS spectrophotometry at 485 nm. The results obtained for the sodium, potassium and chloride in blood serum at a sampling rate of 106 samples per hour compared well with data obtained by standard methods.     

CS/TPP纳米微胶囊的制备及其载药性能

利用离子凝胶法, 以三聚磷酸钠(TPP)为交联剂, 由壳聚糖(CS)制备了CS/TPP纳米微胶囊. 用红外光谱仪、扫描电镜和粒径分析仪进行了表征, 并以牛血清蛋白(BSA)作为模型药物, 考察了所制备的CS/TPP纳米微胶囊的包载和缓释性能. 结果表明, CS/TPP纳米微胶囊的红外光谱相对于CS和TPP的红外光谱发生了很大变化, 说明CS和TPP通过正负电荷吸引聚合成囊; 粒径分析表明, 离子凝胶法可以得到粒径约430 nm的均匀分散的壳聚糖纳米微胶囊, 经冷冻干燥后粒径变为300 nm左右; 微胶囊包封率最高可达79.74%, 模型药物的持续释放时间可达7 d以上.     

2-Oxo-1,3-dioxoles as specific substrates for measurement of arylesterase activity

Various 4-arylthiomethyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxole derivatives IIIa-o were synthesized. Their hydrolysis rates by arylesterase (EC 3.1.1.2) and cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) in human serum were evaluated. Some of them were not hydrolyzed by cholinesterase, but were hydrolyzed easily by arylesterase. Among the substrates, sodium 4-((5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxol-4-yl)methylthio)benzenesulfonate (IIIg) was selected for its substrate reactivity toward arylesterase and its good water solubility. In addition, neither aliesterase (EC 3.1.1.1), acetylesterase (EC 3.1.1.6) nor cholesterol esterase (EC 3.1.1.13) hydrolyzed the compound. IIIg is thus concluded to be a specific substrate for arylesterase. Our assay system for serum arylesterase using IIIg can be readily applied to an automatic analyzer in the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis.     

Clinical-scale investigation of stable isotopes in human blood: delta13C and delta15N from 406 patients at the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions

Objective chemical biomarkers are needed in clinical studies of diet-related diseases to supplement subjective self-reporting methods. We report on several critical experiments for the development of clinically legitimate dietary stable isotope biomarkers within human blood. Our examination of human blood revealed the following: (1) Within blood clot and serum from anonymous individuals (201 males, 205 females) we observed: mean serum delta13C = -19.1 +/- 0.8 per thousand (standard deviation, SD); clot, -19.3 +/- 0.8 per thousand (SD); range = -15.8 per thousand to -23.4 per thousand. Highly statistically significant differences are observed between clot and serum, males and females for both clot and serum. For 15N (n = 206), mean serum = +8.8 +/- 0.5 per thousand (SD); clot +7.4 +/- 0.4 per thousand (SD); range = +6.3 per thousand to +10.5 per thousand. Blood serum is enriched in 15N relative to blood clot by +1.4 per thousand on average, which may reflect differing protein amino acid content. Serum nitrogen is statistically significantly different for males and females, however, clot shows no statistical difference. (2) Relative to clot, capillary blood is marginally different for 13C, but not 15N. Clot 13C is not significantly different from serum; however, it is depleted in 15N by 1.5 per thousand relative to serum. (3) We assessed the effect of blood additives (sodium fluoride and polymerized acrylamide resin) and laboratory process (autoclaving, freeze drying) commonly used to preserve or prepare venous blood. On average, no alteration in delta13C or delta15N is detected compared with unadulterated blood from the same individual. (4) Storage of blood with and without the additives described above for a period of up to 115 days exhibits statistically significant differences for 13C and 15N for sodium fluoride. However, storage for unadulterated blood and blood preserved with polymerized acrylamide resin does not change the delta13C or delta15N isotopic composition of the blood in a significant way. With these experiments, we gain a clinical context for future development of a stable isotope based dietary biomarker.     

Effect of sodium citrate on the blood disappearance of 67Ga

The effect of sodium citrate on the blood disappearance of 67Ga was examined in rats. The half life value of the alpha phase and the initial AUC value (0-60 min) were dose-dependently decreased by sodium citrate. The binding of 67Ga to serum proteins was also dose-dependently inhibited by sodium citrate.     

Direct determination of uric acid in serum by a fluorometric-enzymatic method based on uricase

The present paper describes a method for the fluorometric determination of uric acid in blood serum by its reaction with uricase (UOx). The procedure is based on the changes in fluorescence that take place during the enzymatic reaction of UOx with uric acid when the solution is excited at 287 nm and the emission is measured at 330 nm. A mathematical model which relates the analytical signal to the analyte concentration was developed and the model also served to obtain some of the thermodynamic constants of the system (the Michaelis constant and the turnover number). The optimum reaction conditions and its analytical characteristics were studied, linear response range (3x10(-5)-6x10(-4) M) and reproducibility (4%, n=7). The method was applied to the determination of uric acid in three blood serum samples. The results were compared with those obtained by a commercial clinical analyzer and no systematic errors were observed.     

智能手机微孔板分析仪的开发与HSA的定量检测

研究开发了基于智能手机的便携式96微孔板检测技术与仪器,并利用所开发仪器实现了人血清白蛋白(HSA)的高通量快速定量检测。该文首次通过设计大孔径聚焦透镜和均匀面光源,利用智能手机实现了对通用96微孔板的全范围准确成像,结合开发的手机应用程序可实现对检测样本的自动分析。所开发分析仪对HSA标准样品的检测结果与酶标仪检测结果具有高度的线性关系,相关系数为0.989 3,证明其具有良好的准确性与可靠性。开发的分析仪的检测范围为21.45～60.06 g/L,对病人血清样品中HSA的检测结果与医院使用的生化分析仪检测结果一致,证明分析仪可用于临床中HSA的检测。该仪器具有成本低和体积小的特点,可推广至经济不发达地区、基层医疗机构和普通用户家中,对疾病的现场快速诊断具有重要意义。