分离重组错位通道微混合器混合及结构研究

本文对基于非对称分离重组原理优化得到的错位通道微混合器的混合特性进行了数值模拟,并采用混合强度值作为衡量指标。结果表明,Re在1到80的变化范围内,微混合器的混合效果受通道几何结构参数影响较大,即主次通道上错位通道结构的布置有利于提高微混合器的混合强度。综合考虑混合性能和微通道内压降变化等条件,当错位通道结构参数ω₃/ω₄=1时,非对称分离重组错位通道微混合器的混合强度可提高到86%左右。     

基于微泡共振的快速微流体声学混合方法研究

微流体在生物医学、化学工程等领域应用广泛,并具有重大意义.在预处理中,液体混合也是关键且最为必要的前序.为了提高微流控腔道内液体混合的效率,本文提出基于单微泡振动的声学混合器,通过微泡共振,产生声微流,声微流形成的剪切力将在流体中产生微扰动,实现液体的混合.设计了底面直径为40μm的微孔结构,由于液体表面张力作用形成微泡,在共振频率为165 kHz的压电换能器激励下,气泡发生共振产生声微流.通过对压电换能器输入不同能量,获取混合液体的最优参数,可在37.5 ms内实现混合效果,混合均匀度达到92.7%.本文设计的单微泡振动混合器结构简单、混合效率高、混合时间短、输入能量低,可为生物化学等方面的研究提供强有力的技术支撑.     

偏滤器微纳表面冷却通道的过冷流动沸腾数值模拟

为模拟偏滤器水冷模块微纳米结构化表面的传热特性,结合微纳表面可视化微观观察实验数据,在现有气泡参数模型的基础上,对接触角、气泡脱离直径、气泡脱离频率、汽化核心密度等参数模型进行修改,提出可模拟微纳表面过冷流动沸腾传热效果的计算模型。用该模型对压力为4MPa、速度为10m·s-1、进口温度为423K的偏滤器水冷结构中的过冷流动沸腾进行计算,得到常规水冷通道与微纳表面水冷通道各结构的温度与气相体积分布。计算结果表明,微纳表面的平均传热系数提高约一倍;在无氧铜与铬锆铜的许用温度范围内,微纳表面通道偏滤器承受的稳态热流密度可达14MW·m-2。     

微通道冷却器内流动和传热特性的数值模拟

为满足固体激光器用微通道冷却器的换热要求, 根据冷却器结构分别建立了二维和三维物理模型, 利用计算流体力学方法首先对比研究两者的流动特性, 然后考察雷诺数和玻片生热量对微通道流动和传热特性的影响。结果表明:对于类似大平板间的矩形微通道层流流动区域, 其流动及传热特性可直接采用二维简化模型进行模拟分析;对于重点关注的转捩区, 采用三维模型模拟分析更好;当雷诺数增大到转捩点, 流体的传热效果得到明显增强;随着雷诺数的增大, 玻片生热量对通道内最低压力需求的影响逐渐减小;不同玻片生热量对微通道流动影响不可忽略, 对努赛尔数和通道总压降基本无影响。     

子网格在DSMC中的作用及三角形子网格

本文采用直接模拟蒙特卡罗方法对二维微通道内Poiseuille流动进行了数值模拟,通过对不同网格密度下计算结果与"收敛"结果的比较,得到了计算网格特别是子网格系统对计算结果的影响;在此基础上,发展了基于Delaunay三角形非结构网格的子网格系统,讨论了采用该子网格的非结构化网格对模拟结果的影响,结果表明:该方法能有效提高模拟的准确性,而常规无子网格的非结构网格将"虚假"地增加气体流动的稀薄性。     

介观尺度通道内多相流动的耗散粒子动力学模拟

采用四次方光滑函数构造了包含远程吸引近距排斥的保守力势函数, 应用该势函数, 采用耗散粒子动力学方法, 对十字型微通道内的多相流动进行了计算. 计算结果表明, 该势函数能有效模拟十字型微通道内的流动过程及模式. 关键词： 多相流 耗散粒子动力学 保守力势函数     

光滑矩形微通道液体单相流动和传热的数值研究

采用CFD方法对水在矩形光滑微通道内的流动和传热特性进行了数值模拟.计算结果表明微通道的长径比、当量直径、高宽比和孔隙率都对其流动和传热有着不同程度的影响.在保持长径比大于70而使流动的入口效应可忽略的前提下,分别模拟了当量直径,高宽比和孔隙率对微通道流动和传热的影响,得到了各种工况下的流动和传热规律.     

涡扇-脉冲爆震组合发动机内外涵掺混器研究

在涡扇发动机基础上,以脉冲爆震燃烧室代替普通加力燃烧室构成涡扇-脉冲爆震组合发动机.对该组合动力,涡扇发动机内外涵掺混过程对脉冲爆震燃烧室的进气状况有着重要的影响,本文针对环形混合器和波瓣混合器进行了数值模拟,揭示了两种混合器不同的掺混机理,同时研究了不同穿透率的波瓣混合器对流场的影响.结果表明,相对于环形混合器,采用波瓣混合器能够获得良好的掺混效果和PDE入口温度的提高;但随着穿透率的增加,波瓣混合器总压损失也会增加,同时PDE入口的氧气浓度也有所降低.     

基于康托尔分形微通道流动与传热的模拟

高密度、 小体积和高集成的电子元器件散热困难, 易造成过早失效, 采用微通道换热器可以实现小体积内高热流的散热, 但流动阻力很大. 为了保证传热效果, 降低流动阻力, 本文提出了一种新型的微通道结构并对其流动与传热特性进行了数值模拟. 首先研究了微通道形状和结构, 模拟结果表明: 进出口截面宽高比为0.8 的矩形微通道的换热效果最好; 并在此基础上提出一种康托尔分型凹槽结构, 研究了有无康托尔分形以及不同分形级数对流动与传热性能的影响, 综合对比发现: 第二级康托尔分形模型 N2 既能保证热阻显著降低, 又能相比阵列结构降低压降, 具有明显的换热优势; 最后对这种康托尔分形结构的凹槽形状, 尺寸及不同方向上的分形进行研究, 结果表明梯形凹槽的下上表面长度比b/a 为0.6 、 流动方向分形比fx 为1 .25 和通道高度方向分形比fy 为1 .5 时换热流动性能最佳.     

有压差平板微通道内电渗流动换热的介观模拟

采用能量守恒的耗散粒子动力学方法(eDPD)对平行平板微通道内的电渗流动与换热问题进行了模拟,电势分布由Poisson-Boltzmann方程描述。获得了不同电动参数下的纯电渗速度及温度分布并分别与解析解及有限元方法对比以验证正确性及精度。进一步模拟了有压差驱动下纵向电场在壁面异质电势微通道内引起的电渗微混合与对流传热问题,研究结果表明纵向电场对通道内的流动与传热具有明显的影响,而压力梯度的增大会导致电渗作用被逐渐削弱。     

Velocity measurement of flow in the microchannel with barriers using Micro-PIV

An important application field of microfluidics is in microchemistry. Reactions of premixed reactants call for efficient designs of micromixers. This paper presents the investigations of a relatively little known micromixer embedded with barriers. The micro-resolution particle image velocimetry is used to measure the flow in the micromixer. The obtained results are in good agreement with numerical simulation. The results show that the barriers embedded in the microchannel lead to a large variation of velocity gradient, and make the fluid stretch and fold in the micromixer, which results in a substantial enhancement of the mixing efficiency.     

Degeneration of flow pattern in acousto-elastic flow through sharp-edge microchannels

Acoustic streaming (AS) is the steady time-averaged flow generated by acoustic field, which has been widely used in enhancing mixing and particle manipulation. Current researches on acoustic streaming mainly focus on Newtonian fluids, while many biological and chemical solutions exhibit non-Newtonian properties. The acoustic streaming in viscoelastic fluids has been studied experimentally for the first time in this paper. We found that the addition of polyethylene oxide (PEO) polymer to the Newtonian fluid significantly altered the flow characteristics in the microchannel. The resulting acousto-elastic flow showed two modes: positive mode and negative mode. Specifically, the viscoelastic fluids under acousto-elastic flow exhibit mixing hysteresis features at low flow rates, and degeneration of flow pattern at high flow rates. Through quantitative analysis, the degeneration of flow pattern is further summarized as time fluctuation and spatial disturbance range reduction. The positive mode in acousto-elastic flow can be used for the mixing enhancement of viscoelastic fluids in the micromixer, while the negative mode provides a potential method for particle/cell manipulation in viscoelastic body fluids such as saliva by suppressing unstable flow.     

Mixing in a T-shaped micromixer at moderate Reynolds numbers

In the present work, the regimes of the flow and mixing of fluids in a T-shaped micromixer in the range of the Reynolds numbers from 1 to 1000 are investigated systematically with the aid of numerical modeling. The flow and mixing regimes are shown to alter substantially with increasing Reynolds numbers. Five different flow regimes have been identified in the total. The dependencies of the friction coefficient and mixing efficiency on the Reynolds number are obtained. A sharp increase in the mixing efficiency at a flow transition from the symmetric to asymmetric steady regime is shown. On the other hand, the mixing efficiency slightly drops in the laminar-turbulent transition region. A substantial influence of the slip presence on walls on flow structure in the channel and mixing efficiency has been revealed.     

Spatiotemporal resonances in mixing of open viscous fluids

In this Letter, we reveal a new dynamical phenomenon, called "spatiotemporal resonance," which is expected to take place in a broad range of viscous, periodically forced, open systems. The observation originates from a numerical and theoretical analysis of a micromixer, and is supported by preliminary experimental observations. The theoretical model nicely matches the numerical results, which again is supported by the experiment. Because of the general nature of the phenomenon, this phenomenon is not limited to microsystems. Because of the resonances, a slight tuning of the control parameters makes the mixer enhance the mixing, or suppress it, enhancing interfacial diffusion instead.     

光热偏转技术测量Sr_(2-x)Sm_xFeMoO_6材料的热扩散率

采用固体烧结法制备了Sr2-xSmxFeMoO6(x=0,0.03,0.05,0.08,0.10,0.13,0.15,0.20)多晶结构样品,用X射线衍射对材料的结构进行了检测。通过光热偏转技术方法对该材料的热扩散率进行了研究,给出了掺杂比例与材料热扩散率的关系曲线,结果发现Sr2FeMoO6样品随着参杂Sm浓度的增加,结构发生变化的同时,样品的热扩散率也随着波动变化。这与文献[1]中给出的结论有明显不同,从声子、电子、自旋及其相互作用角度揭示了与文献[1]不同的根本原因;并且从x射线和热扩散率两个角度给出了样品Sr2-xSmxFeMoO6结构转变的参杂比例在10—13%的范围,说明光热偏转技术方法是研究参杂镧系元素的双钙钛矿结构和电子参杂效应的可行有效方法。     

Synthesis of quantum dots via microreaction: structure optimization for microreactor system

Microreactor systems existed as a powerful tool for the continuous synthesis of quantum dots. However, the lack of structure optimization for the discrete units led to empirical determination of the length scale, and the properties of the formed products varied in different cases. In this article, the optimizations for the micromixer volume and capillary diameter were presented based on the synthesis of CdSe nanocrystals (NCs). Spectra investigation revealed that the application of a small convective mixer of 36 μL led to 1/3 increase of CdSe concentration in the crude solution. The enhanced mixing of the precursors in this case was also demonstrated favorable to achieve CdSe NCs with narrow PL width. Fast heating and uniform reaction condition achieved in a narrow channel favored the preparation of high quality CdSe NCs under short residence time. However, the application of wide channel did not necessarily result in CdSe NCs with poor quality. Here, we demonstrated that high-quality CdSe NCs with narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) as 32 nm and high quantum yield (QY) 34.7% could be prepared using an 844 μm inner diameter capillary. Based on the obtained results, the scaled-up synthesis of CdSe NCs was demonstrated, and a high quantity of 0.8 g dry CdSe NCs powder (3.5 nm, σ ~ 8.2%) was obtained within 1 h.     

Single crystal with a gradient in the lattice spacing

The triply-degenerate local mode of theU-center is coupled to non-degenerate, doubly-degenerate, and triply-degenerate lattice vibrations. Because of the coupling to degenerate lattice vibrations an optical Jahn-Teller-Effect is to be expected which influences the structural form of the side-band. To investigate this influence the absorption band belonging to the triply-degenerate lattice vibrations has been calculated. A response formalism employing double-time thermodynamic Green's functions has been used. The numerical calculation is done for KBr. Our result exhibits a considerable deviation of the structural form from the one in which the dynamical mixing due to the Jahn-Teller-effect has been neglected.     

Quantum plasmon enhanced nonlinear wave mixing in graphene nanoflakes

A distant-neighbor quantum-mechanical method is used to study the nonlinear optical wave mixing in graphene nanoflakes(GNFs),including sum-and difference-frequency generation,as well as four-wave mixing.Our analysis shows that molecular-scale GNFs support quantum plasmons in the visible spectrum region,and significant enhancement of nonlinear optical wave mixing is achieved.Specifically,the second-and third-order wave-mixing polarizabilities of GNFs are dramatically enhanced,provided that one(or more) of the input or output frequencies coincide with a quantum plasmon resonance.Moreover,by embedding a cavity into hexagonal GNFs,we show that one can break the structural inversion symmetry and enable otherwise forbidden second-order wave mixing,which is found to be enhanced by the quantum plasmon resonance too.This study reveals that the molecular-sized graphene could be used in the quantum regime for nanoscale nonlinear optical devices and ultrasensitive molecular sensors.