对利用利萨如图形测量频率过程中几个问题的讨论

我们知道．利萨如图形的具体形状不仅决定于两个分振动的振幅比和频率比，而且与二分振动的初位相有关[1]．但是我们在科研中又发现．在满足相同的振幅比、频率比和初相位一定的条件下，在同一示波器上对信号采用不同的频率范围，或者在同一频率范围内选择不同型号的示波器，也得出了不同形状的利萨如图形，这引起了我们的深思．我们在SB—10型示波器上．把同一信号分成两部分，同时送入“X输入”和“Y输入”，在改变信号频率的情况下，得到如图1所示的利萨如图形．采用同一信号，我们又在ST—16型示波器上同样得到了图2所示的利萨如图形…     

用扬声器演示李萨如图形

在普通物理实验教学中,多用示波器观察李萨如图形,虽图形稳定,但不够直观。用电振音叉演示李萨如图形,由于电振音叉的固有频率不可调,只能观察到一种李萨如图形,而且也很难使图形稳定。既使有频率值存在一简单比值的音叉可供更换,也十分不便。本装置采用扬声器演示李萨如图形,不仅直观,而且同样可以得到各种稳定的李萨如图形。     

用Matlab研究李萨如图形及其讨论

本文用Matlab6．5软件模拟示波器中的李萨如图形实验,并讨论振动中的频率、相位和振幅等多重因素对于李萨如图形生成的影响,同时简要地介绍了利用垂直简谐振动合成测量频率的实际应用．     

高稳定度李萨如图形发生器的研制

介绍了由单片机构成李萨如图形发生器的硬件结构及软件配置，该系统合成的图开具有很高的稳定性。     

基于LabVIEW软件的李萨如图形的实现

本文介绍用LabVIEW仿真软件实现李萨如图形。     

用示波器观察简谐振动的合成

本文通过用双踪示波器来观察李萨如图形和“拍”现象 ,加深学生对两种特殊形式的简谐振动合成的理解     

用立体李萨如图形测频率

在用李萨如图形测频率时，若待测频率与参考频率相差太大，则示波器上的李氏图形尤其是边缘区太拥挤，不易观测切点数目。本提出采用具有立体感的李萨如图形，就可以解决上述问题。     

数字示波器的原理与使用实验教学中的问题与对策

对“数字示波器的原理与使用”实验教学中关于信号的含义、锯齿波信号、李萨如图合成、示波器的基本调节和信号参数的测量问题进行了分析和讨论。     

Matlab软件在数字示波器实验中的应用

用matlab软件分别模拟了相互垂直不同频率的两个简谐振动在一个周期过程、初相相同而初相位差不同、初相不同而初相位差相同以及初相位差在一个周期变化四种情况下的李萨图，从模拟图上可以看出李萨图的运动轨迹过程，李萨图与两个信号的初相、初相差均有关系，初相位差随时间做周期性变化，合成的李萨图也做周期性变化。     

李萨如图形的相位参量

引进李萨如图形的相位参量,方便研究图形性质,简洁表述图形规律。     

Stokes integral of economic growth: Calculus and the Solow model

Economic growth depends on capital and labor and two-dimensional calculus has been applied to economic theory. This leads to Riemann and Stokes integrals and to the first and second laws of production and growth. The mathematical structure is the same as in thermodynamics, economic properties may be related to physical terms: capital to energy, production to physical work, GDP per capita to temperature, production function to entropy. This is called econophysics. Production, trade and banking may be compared to motors, heat pumps or refrigerators. The Carnot process of the first law creates two levels in each system: cold and hot in physics; buyer and seller, investor and saver, rich and poor in economics. The efficiency rises with the income difference of rich and poor. The results of econophysics are compared to neoclassical theory.     

Modifications to functional and biological properties of proteins of cowpea pulse crop by ultrasound-assisted extraction

Natural resource depletion, negative environmental effects and the challenge to secure global food security led to the establishment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In need to explore underutilized sustainable protein sources, this study aims at isolating protein from cowpea by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), where the techno-functional characteristics of the protein isolates were studied at different sonication conditions i.e., 100 W and 200 W at processing times ranging from 5 to 20 min. The US at 200 W-10 min produced the optimal results for all properties. In this process combination, there was an increase in protein yield, solubility, water-holding capacity, foaming capacity and stability, emulsion activity and stability, zeta-potential, and in-vitro protein digestibility from 31.78% to 58.96%, 57.26% to 68.85%, 3.06 g/g to 3.68 g/g 70.64% to 83.74%, 30.76% to 60.01%, 47.48% to 64.26%, 56.59% to 87.71%, –32.9 mV to −44.2 mV and 88.27% to 89.99%, respectively and particle size dropped from 763 nm to 559 nm in comparison to control. The microstructure and secondary-structure alterations of proteins caused by sonication were validated by SEM images, SDS-PAGE, and FTIR analyses. Sonication leads to acoustic cavitation and penetrate the cell walls, improving extraction from the solid to liquid phase. After sonication, the hydrophobic protein groups were exposed and proteins were partially denatured which increased its functionality. The findings demonstrated that UAE of cowpea protein improved yield, modify characteristics to fit the needs of the food industry, and contribute to achieving SDGs 2, 3, 7, 12, and 13.     

Two-dimensional detector software: From real detector to idealised image or two-theta scan

Abstract

Detector systems introduce distortions into acquired data. To obtain accurate angle and intensity information, it is necessary to calibrate, and apply corrections. Intensity non-linearity, spatial distortion, and non-uniformity of intensity response, are the primary considerations.

It is better to account for the distortions within scientific analysis software, but often it is more practical to correct the distortions to produce ‘idealised’ data.

Calibration methods and software have been developed for single crystal diffraction experiments, using both approaches. For powder diffraction experiments the additional task of converting a two-dimensional image to a one-dimensional spectrum is used to allow Rietveld analysis. This task may be combined with distortion correction to produce intensity information and error estimates.

High-pressure experiments can introduce additional complications and place new demands on software. Flexibility is needed to be able to integrate different angular regions separately, and to produce profiles as a function of angle of azimuth. Methods to cope with awkward data are described, and examples of the techniques applied to data from high pressure experiments are presented.     

基于OpenCV的嵌入式自动捡乒乓球系统设计

为了解决在乒乓球比赛和训练中人工手动捡球的问题,从机器视觉的角度出发,综合嵌入式、图像处理和测量控制等技术,基于第三方库OpenCV设计了一种自动捡乒乓球系统。系统是以Contex-A8平台为控制核心,首先通过对云台和USB摄像头的控制获取视频信号;然后通过霍夫圆变换和SVM分类器算法识别出视频中的乒乓球,并根据质心计算出其与系统的相对位置;最后将视频信号中抽象出的位置信息传递给机械运动控制终端,控制小车和机械手将乒乓球捡起,并送到指定位置。实验结果表明本系统能够正确的检测和识别乒乓球,并对其进行定位捡取,效果良好,提高了拾取乒乓球的效率,减轻工作人员的负担。     

基于风洞的设备健康管理与数据有效性判定平台研究

低速增压风洞是满足我国航空工业科技发展而建设的一座气动力重大基础试验设施。为了保障该设施的高效率和可靠地运行,以各机电设备、电气测控设备、机械装置为对象,根据其故障模式和故障特点选取合适的监测点,获取实时工作状态数据,再以数据为基础,进行状态监测、故障诊断、故障预测,实现预先性决策和针对性快速维修。基于OSA-CBM 体系构建的风洞健康管理系统,根据设备的运行状态,实现对试验数据的有效性进行实时判定,并实现了风洞装备由事后维修向视情维修转变;实现了装备从使用、维护、管理模式由分散式管理向集约式管理的转变;实现了装备系统故障诊、预测及判读从人工智能向机器智能的转变。     

FAAS法测定天然螺旋藻中微量元素

本文叙述了用火焰原子吸收法直接测定天然螺旋旋藻中的钾、钠、钙、镁、铜、铁、锰、锌等多种元素。方法简单便、快速、准确、可靠,具有良好的精密度和准确度,加收率为96%-103%,相对标准偏差为1.2%-5.2%。应用于国家标准物质甘蓝（GBW08504）的测定,获得了满意的结果。     

Burned bones tell their own stories: A review of methodological approaches to assess heat-induced diagenesis

One of the biggest struggles of biological anthropology is to estimate the biological profile from burned human skeletal remains. Bioanthropological methods are seriously compromised due to bone heat-induced alterations in shape and size. Therefore, it is urgent to improve our ability to estimate sex, age at death, stature, and ancestrality, to recognize peri mortem traumas and differentiate them from fractures due to fire, and to determine what was the intensity of burning, namely maximum temperature and heat exposure length. This review focuses on different methodologies to assess heat prompted changes in bone submicrostructure. Some of these are extensively used in burned bones research, namely infrared and Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, while others such as neutron spectroscopy and diffraction are rarely applied to bone samples although their contribution may be crucial for establishing new bioanthropological methods for a reliable examination of burned victims.     

A Measurement Plane for Optical Networks to Manage Emergency Events

In this work, we show a wide geographical area optical network test bed, adopting the mPlane measurement plane for monitoring its performance and to manage software defined network approaches, with some specific tests and procedures dedicated to respond to disaster events and to support emergency networks. Such a test bed includes FTTX accesses, and it is currently implemented to support future 5G wireless services with slicing procedures based on Carrier Ethernet. The characteristics of this platform have been experimentally tested in the case of a damage-causing link failure and traffic congestion, showing a fast reactions to these disastrous events, allowing the user to recharge the initial QoS parameters.     

EAST低温系统又一新降温模式

EAST氦低温系统是EAST(Experimental Advanced Super-conducting Tokamak)先进超导托卡马克实验装置重要子系统之一;到目前为止,EAST已经成功进行了6次降温实验。第四次降温实验于2008年8月完成,这次降温实验与前几次降温实验很不相同。前3次的降温实验冷却磁体依赖四台透平膨胀机(透平A、B、C和D),透平B、C和D获得LHe去冷却PF和TF磁体、5&8对电流引线和busline到相应的温度。透平A用于制取80K的冷量冷却外冷屏。而此次降温是采用3台透平膨胀机(透平A、B和C),透平B和C与节流阀获得LHe去冷却PF和TF磁体、5&8对电流引线和busline到相应的温度。透平A还是用于制取80K的冷量冷却外冷屏。此次整个降温过程大概用了20天,比以前多耗时25%;文中给出了透平的启动过程、磁体冷却过程和一些操作经验。