Training of Creative Thinking for Undergraduates in Teaching of Polymer Chemistry

根据素质教育与创新能力培养的目标要求，围绕提高学生的学习兴趣和培养学生分析问题、解决问题的能力，激发创造性思维，结合《高分子化学》课程的特点，在教学内容和教学方式上进行了设计。从理论与实际相结合、利用教学模型培养研究性思维、形象化教学、注重分析问题和归纳推理、注重实践教学等方面来探索培养学生创新思维的有效教学方法，并结合笔者自身的教学体会，分析和阐明了这些教学方法在培养学生创新思维中所起的作用。     

以培养问题解决能力为核心的PMPR实验教学方法

基于"发现、分析、解决问题"的思维模式,本文提出了以培养学生问题解决能力为核心的"问题→方法→过程→结果"(PMPR)实验教学方法。该方法以"问题"为出发点,引导学生进行问题分析,寻找解决问题的方法,实施解决问题的过程,最终得到解决问题的结果。PMPR实验教学方法的实施激发了学生的学习兴趣,拓宽了学生的知识面,实现了对学生发现、分析、解决问题能力的培养。     

注重中学化学计算教学方法的点滴体会

化学计算在中学化学中占有重要地位。在化学计算教学的过程中,我们教师应该注意教学方法,把培养学生的能力,发展学生的智力放在首位。培养学生勤观察,勤思维,勤分析的良好习惯,努力提高学生分析、解决实际问题的能力。下面谈谈我在化学计算的教学中,注重教学方法的点滴体会。     

采用案例教学法培养学生创新思维习惯

结合自然科学思想史 ,阐明如何在基础化学课程教学中实施案例式教学法。建议教师在讲授科学的基本原理和知识的同时 ,追踪科学的发展历程 ,把科学发现的全过程再现在学生面前 ,让学生有机会感受知识的产生和发展过程。将理论知识的学习和分析问题、解决问题的能力培养有机地结合起来     

对苯二酚及其衍生物氧化还原性质探究综合实验的设计

采用量子化学和电化学的综合实验方法,研究了对苯二酚及其衍生物的氧化还原性质,并计算了其氧化还原电势,实验数据与理论计算结果变化趋势一致。因此,将计算机、大型精密仪器等应用于结构化学的教学中,设计开发综合实验项目,展现“结构-性能-应用”的学习层次,有助于提高学生对理论知识的学习兴趣,锻炼学生发现问题和解决问题的能力,培养其科学思维和科学素养。     

创新教学方法,助力本科生科研创新能力培养——"扶-牵-引-放"四步教学法

人才培养是高校最主要的职责。本科阶段是科研创新型人才培养的关键时期,而实验教学是提高本科生科研创新能力、培养应用型人才的重要环节。本文系统介绍了在"基础型-综合型-探究型-设计型"多层次、递进式分析化学实验教学过程中,如何运用"扶-牵-引-放"四步教学法,循序渐进地培养学生发现、分析问题和解决问题的综合实验能力,进而培养学生求异思维和创新能力,实现了知识和技能传授与科研创新素质培养并重的教学目的。     

药学系有机合成教学体会

介绍了在普通医药院校药学系有机合成课教学中的体会。从学科特点和学生的实际出发合理处理教材 ,在教学中倡导以学生为主体、由浅入深、循序渐进、以问题为引导来启发学生思考问题 ,培养学生提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的能力 ,启发学生的创造性思维。     

化学“单元程序教学法”的深化探研

现代教学论认为:教学的目的在于使学生掌握学科的知识结构,发展学生的智力和培养学生的能力。为此,就必须充分体现“教为主导,学为主体”,即在教师的启迪下,让学生亲自发现问题,探讨和解决问题。化学“单元程序教学法”正是在这种思想指导下产生的综合性教学法。     

启发式教学在立体化学手性分子教学中的应用

以有机立体化学中的手性分子教学为例,探讨兴趣启发、重点启发、问题启发和规律启发法等多种启发式教学方法在立体化学教学中的运用,以培养学生发现问题、分析问题、解决问题和创新的能力。     

在有机化学教学中培养学生的创新能力

从教材建设、课堂教学、学生实验、科技活动、考试方法、评分标准等方面介绍在教学中如何注重培养学生发现问题、提出问题的能力以及分析问题、解决问题的本领。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.