纳米晶锐钛矿相TiO2的非简谐效应和声子局域

对晶粒尺寸为194,86和56nm的纳米晶锐钛矿相TiO₂,进行了从83到723K的变温拉曼散射测量,并对E_g(1)模式进行了详细研究.根据非简谐效应和声子局域模型,对E_g(1)拉曼峰进行了拟合与计算.结果表明,以上三种纳米晶粒的晶格振动机理,在本质上是相同的.三声子过程对频率蓝移起主要作用.为了得到很好的拟合,需要同时考虑三声子和四声子过程.随着温度的升高,四声子过程增强,并对三声子过程起抵消作用.与非简谐衰减相关的声子寿命随着晶粒 关键词： 2')" href="#">纳米晶TiO₂ 拉曼散射 非简谐耦合 声子局域     

纳米二氧化钛材料的相变和声子限制效应(英文)

拉曼光谱用于研究二氧化钛材料的相变和声子限制效应。化学溶液方法制备了TiO2纳米晶材料。其平均粒度为 6 8- 2 7 9nm。最低频率 1 5 2cm- 1 Eg 模随粒度减小出现蓝移和加宽。在声子限制模型下 ,理论上对不同粒度的TiO2 纳米晶 (6 8,1 0 3和 2 7 9nm)的频移和线宽进行计算 ,结果与实验吻合得很好。研究了TiO2 纳米晶锐钛矿 -金红石相变 ,其相变温度为 6 5 0 - 6 90℃ ,比体块TiO2 的相变温度 1 0 0 0℃低 ,表明了相变的尺寸效应     

固体氩的晶格热导率的非简谐晶格动力学计算

用一种非简谐晶格动力学方法, 使用相互作用势作为惟一的输入参数, 准确地计算了固体氩的各个声子的频率和弛豫时间. 并将这些结果进一步和玻尔兹曼输运方程相结合, 预测了固体氩从10 K 到80 K 区间的热导率, 并得到了与实验值非常符合的结果. 分析了运用非简谐晶格动力学方法进行数值计算过程中的各个相关的计算参数, 包括布里渊区中倒格子矢量的选取, δ 函数的展宽的选择等对热导率和声子弛豫时间预测结果的影响. 通过对各个声子模式对热导率贡献的分析, 发现随着温度升高, 高频声子对于热导率的贡献率也逐渐变大, 结果和理论预测完全一致. 关键词： 热导率 固体氩 非简谐晶格动力学 声子     

用拉曼散射光谱估算纳米Ge晶粒平均尺寸

用射频共溅射技术和真空退火方法制备了埋入ＳｉＯ２基底中的纳米Ｇｅ复合膜（ｎｃ－Ｇｅ／ＳｉＯ２）测量了不同温度退火后该复合膜的拉曼散射光谱，其结果与晶体Ｇｅ的拉曼谱相比，纳米Ｇｅ的拉曼峰红移峰形变宽，用拉曼谱的参数计算了纳米Ｇｅ晶粒的平均尺寸，所得结果与声子限域理论模型符合。     

不同晶粒尺寸SnO2纳米粒子的拉曼光谱研究

对晶粒尺寸在4-80 nm范围的纯SnO2纳米颗粒进行了拉曼散射研究.除了SnO2 本征拉曼振动峰外,还有几个新的拉曼振动峰和波长在700 nm左右的一个发光很强而且峰宽很大的荧光峰被观察到.结果所示,当纳米颗粒尺寸减小时,纳米SnO2 颗粒的体相特征拉曼峰变弱,而由缺陷,表面和颗粒尺寸引起的相关效应呈强势.晶粒尺寸在20 nm左右是引起体相拉曼光谱变化的临界尺寸. 晶粒尺寸在20 nm以下,其体相拉曼峰的发生宽化和峰位移动, 以及分别出现在位于571 cm-1 的表面振动峰,位于351 cm-1 处的界面峰和与表面吸附水分子及氢氧基团的N系列拉曼峰是纳米SnO颗粒的主要特征.这些结果反映了纳米颗粒的微结构变化与颗粒尺寸和表面效应以及它们之间相互作用的信息.     

Ca改性钛酸铅Pb_(1-x)Ca_xTiO_3纳米晶的拉曼光谱研究

本文在２８８Ｋ和３７８Ｋ温度下测定了不同Ｃａ含量Ｐｂ１－ｘＣａｘＴｉＯ３（ＰＴＣ）纳米晶的拉曼光谱。同时在室温条件下测定了不同晶粒尺寸Ｐｂ０．８５Ｃａ０．１５ＴｉＯ３的拉曼光谱。讨论了Ｃａ掺入量、温度、晶粒尺寸等因素对声子频率的影响。声子频率的变化情况表明,对于ｘ≥０．２的ＰＴＣ纳米晶,与相同Ｃａ含量的陶瓷相比,存在着晶格膨胀的倾向。     

锐钛矿二氧化钛超细纳米晶的三声子互作用

本文通过对粒径为2.2-25.5nm的锐钛矿二氧化钛超细纳米晶在83-293 K温度范围内的变温拉曼光谱的研究,得到了三声子互作用对拉曼频率和线宽的贡献随粒径的变化关系。结果表明锐钛矿二氧化钛超细纳米晶的三声子相互作用随粒径减小而加强。     

不同晶粒尺寸SnO2纳米粒子的拉曼光谱研究

对晶粒尺寸在4—80nm范围的纯SnO₂纳米颗粒进行了拉曼散射研究.除了SnO₂本征拉曼振动峰外，还有几个新的拉曼振动峰和波长在700nm左右的一个发光很强而且峰宽很大的荧光峰被观察到.结果所示，当纳米颗粒尺寸减小时，纳米SnO₂颗粒的体相 特征拉曼峰变弱，而由缺陷，表面和颗粒尺寸引起的相关效应呈强势.晶粒尺寸在20nm左右是引起体相拉曼光谱变化的临界尺寸.晶粒尺寸在20nm以下，其体相拉曼峰的发生宽化和峰位移动，以及分别出现在位于571cm^-1 的表面振动峰，位于351cm-1 处的界面峰和与表面吸附水分子及氢氧基团的N系列拉曼峰是纳米SnO颗粒的主要特征.这些结果反映了纳米颗粒的微结构变化与颗粒尺寸和表面效应以及它们之间相互作用的信息. 关键词： ２')" href="#">纳米SnO_２ 拉曼光谱 荧光光谱 水分子的吸附     

ZnO纳米粒子光学模多声子拉曼光谱的尺寸限制效应研究

观察到近均一尺寸的ZnO纳米粒子LO模多声子拉曼频率不随尺寸变化而改变.这为一阶LO模拉曼谱不随尺寸变化的实验结果提供了进一步的证据.参照相关实验工作,本文对ZnO这种极性纳米粒子光学模拉曼谱随尺寸变化而不变的物理根源进行了理论计算和讨论,并认为长程库仑相互作用是其根源.     

不同退火温度的ZrO_2 纳米颗粒光学声子和表面吸附分子的拉曼散射研究(英文)

本文对晶粒尺寸在5nm 1 μm范围的纯ZrO2 纳米颗粒进行了拉曼散射研究。除了ZrO2 本征拉曼振动峰外,还有几个新的拉曼振动模式被观察到。我们的结果显示当纳米颗粒尺寸减少时,纳米ZrO2 颗粒的体相特征拉曼峰变弱,而由缺陷,表面和颗粒尺寸引起的相关效应呈强势。晶粒尺寸在1 5纳米左右是引起体相拉曼光谱变化的临界尺寸。晶粒尺寸在1 5纳米以下,其体相拉曼峰发生宽化和峰位移动,以及分别出现在位于1 0 40cm- 1的表面振动峰和1 4个较弱的二阶振动模式。这些结果反映了纳米颗粒的微结构变化与颗粒尺寸和表面效应以及它们之间相互作用的信息     

Unconventional phonon spectra and obstructed edge phonon modes

Based on the elementary band representations(EBR), many topologically trivial materials are classified as unconventional ones(obstructed atomic limit), where the EBR decomposition for a set of electronic states is not consistent with atomic valenceelectron band representations. In the work, we identify that the unconventional nature can also exist in phonon spectra, where the EBR decomposition for a set of well-separated phonon modes is not consistent with atomic vibration band representations(A...     

Vacuum phonon tunneling

Field-induced phonon tunneling, a previously unknown mechanism of interfacial thermal transport, has been revealed by ultrahigh vacuum inelastic scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Using thermally broadened Fermi-Dirac distribution in the STM tip as in situ atomic-scale thermometer we found that thermal vibrations of the last tip atom are effectively transmitted to sample surface despite few angstroms wide vacuum gap. We show that phonon tunneling is driven by interfacial electric field and thermally vibrating image charges, and its rate is enhanced by surface electron-phonon interaction.     

Nanotube phonon waveguide

We find that the high thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes remains intact under severe structural deformations while the corresponding electrical resistance and thermoelectric power show compromised responses. Similar robust thermal transport against bending is found for boron nitride nanotubes. Surprisingly, for both systems the phonon mean free path exceeds the characteristic length of structural ripples induced by bending and approaches the theoretical limit set by the radius of curvature. The robustness of heat conduction in nanotubes refines the ultimate limit that is far beyond the reach of ordinary materials.     

声子频率对同位素掺杂硅声子散射的影响

点缺陷对声子的散射是影响电绝缘体热导率的重要机制之一,其中声子频率是影响声子散射的重要因素．本文主要研究声子频率对同位素掺杂硅声子散射的影响。首先产生一个窄频率范围的声子波包,然后使用分子动力学(MD)模拟声子在同位素掺杂硅中的散射过程,在原子尺度下清晰展示了声子对同位素掺杂的散射过程,并对能量的透射率和反射率进行分析。将模拟结果和已发表的理论结果相比较,在单个同位素掺杂缺陷下,在临近共振频率区域内用改进的R.O.Pohl公式成功的拟合了MD结果,这一结果会对在较宽频率包括非色散和色散声子范围内构造声子热传导公式有帮助.对于在较高的掺杂浓度下,声子频率对声子散射特性的影响还需要更进一步的研究。     

Acoustic phonon spectroscopy

An introduction is given to an acoustic phonon spectrometer, which is based on optical modulation techniques to detect magnetic circular dichroism. The spectrometer is capable of detecting deviations from a thermal background at a few degrees Kelvin of 1 part in 10⁴ within a 4 mK (80 MHz) bandwidth over the phonon energy range of 0.3 to 16K. Because the strongest phonon interactions in dielectric crystals at a few degrees Kelvin occur on the surfaces, many of the applications have been concerned with surface problems.     

Thin-film phonon interferometry

Thin-film phonon interferences can be used to build fast phonon spectrometers. The analogy and the differences to thin-film photon interferometry and to Fourier spectroscopy are worked out and related experiments with photons are described. Multiplebeam interferograms are observed in growing cryogenic films using coherent 24-GHz phonons.     

Terahertz phonon polariton imaging

In this article, we primarily review the time-resolved imaging of THz phonon polariton, which is generated by femtosecond laser in ferroelectric crystal. We pay more attention to the imaging in thin crystal, which can be used as an integration platform for terahertz-optics or terahertz-electrics. The imaging techniques, which can get quantitatively in-focus time-resolved images, are introduced in more detail. They have made enormous progress in recent years, and are powerful tools for the research of phonon polariton, optics, and THz wave. We also briefly introduce the generation principle and general propagation properties of THz phonon polariton.     

Generalized two phonon theory

Recent laser experiments and theoretical discussions of coherent two photon transient phenomena have prompted us to develop a generalized theory for the case of anN+2 level quantum system interacting with two optical fields. New perturbation solutions, derived from an effective two level Hamiltonian, are presented in the form of a continued fraction expansion where the leading term agrees with earlier treatments. The theory applies to homogeneously broadened systems where the intermediate transitions are far off resonance. When inhomogeneous broadening plays a role, the expansion parameter is no longer unique and the theory breaks down. Nonperturbative solutions are then required which are also capable of explaining other features not appearing in the perturbative approach. An important example is intensity-dependent dephasing. Exact and approximate solutions of this kind are derived.     

On the phonon self-energy

It is reported that a specific phonon-phonon interaction process described by the sixth-order Hamiltonian can contribute to the real part of the phonon self-energy of an order which involves a quadratic dependence of the resulting frequency shift on temperature, in the high temperature limit. The possible connection between the occurrence of such a process and experimental mental results in α-quartz is discussed.     

声子气的状态方程和声子气运动的守恒方程

根据爱因斯坦的狭义相对论中质能的等效关系，把固体(本文指非导体)晶格(原子)的质量分为晶格(原子)的静质量和晶格热振动能量的等效质量两个部分，后者就是固体中声子气的等效质量.晶格(原子)热振动的能量则分为晶格(原子)静质量具有的热能以及声子气质量具有的热能.基于固体的状态方程，导得了晶格静质量热振动的状态方程和声子气的状态方程.声子气在固体介质中的宏观运动就是热量在固体中的传递过程.建立了声子气运动的守恒方程组，分析表明，忽略惯性力时声子气的动量守恒方程就退化为傅里叶导热定律，阐明了傅里叶导热定律的物理本质是声子气驱动力与阻力的平衡方程.当热流密度很大惯性力不能忽略时，傅里叶导热定律不再适用. 关键词： 非傅里叶导热 声子气 声子气质量 状态方程 守恒方程