用共轭亚油酸构筑层状液晶的药物传递系统

在水相中用共轭亚油酸(CLA)及其钠盐(SCL)构筑层状液晶相, 并考察了其药物缓释行为. 借助偏光显微镜并辅以目测确定CLA/SCL/H₂O三元相图中的层状液晶相区, 然后用偏光显微镜、 小角X射线散射仪和旋转流变仪获得层状液晶的偏光织构、 相参数和流变参数等, 证实其适用于药物传递系统(DDS). 采用透析法研究了负载亲水性药物5-氟尿嘧啶或亲油性药物姜黄素的层状液晶的释药曲线, 结果表明, 该类层状液晶对2种药物均有良好的缓释能力.     

2-磷酸甘油酸脱水反应机理的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法研究了蛋白质和水环境下2-磷酸甘油酸脱水生成磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸的反应机理. 优化得到了反应物、过渡态及产物的几何构型并计算了反应势垒. 研究结果表明: 没有H₂O参与时, 反应需要通过四元环过渡态完成, 反应势垒高达287.7 kJ/mol, 常温下难以进行|有H₂O参与时, 反应可以通过六元环过渡态完成, 反应势垒大为降低|Mg^2＋的参与可使反应势垒进一步降低|蛋白质环境下两个Mg^2＋和一个H₂O的共同作用可使反应势垒降低至91.2 kJ/mol, 从而使反应在常温下容易进行.     

喷雾热解制备稀土超细粉末(Ⅰ)——氧化钇粒子形态与形成机理

对Y(NO₃)₃·6H₂O的差热和热重分析表明,Y(NO₃)₃·6H₂O经脱水和热分解在580C以上完全分解为Y₂O₃.在此基础上,以Y(NO₃)₃·6H₂O为前驱体,采用喷雾热解过程制备出粒度为0.50～1.50μm的立方相球形Y₂O₃粉末.通过对产物粒子粒度的理论计算与实验结果的比较,推测Y₂O₃粒子形成机理符合液滴-粒子转变机理(One-Droplet-One-Particlemechanism).本喷雾热解过程同样适用于其它稀土超细粉末的制备,粒子粒度可以通过调节液滴尺寸和溶液浓度等操作条件进行控制.     

四元水盐体系H+, Li+, Mg2+/CI——H2O中0℃时相平衡的研究

1.本文报告四元体系H⁺,Li⁺,Mg²⁺∥Cl^--H₂O的研究。此体系H⁺,Li⁺,Mg²⁺∥Cl^--H₂O在0℃时的等温溶度图上有MgCl₂·6H₂O,HCl·MgCl₂·7H₂O,LiCl·MgCl₂·7H₂O,LiCl·2H₂O,LiC1.本文报告四元体系H⁺,Li⁺,Mg²⁺∥Cl^--H₂O的研究。此体系H⁺,Li⁺,Mg²⁺ Cl^--H₂O在0℃时的等温溶度图上有MgCl₂·6H₂O,HCl·MgCl₂·7H₂O,LiCl·MgCl₂·7H₂O,LiCl·2H₂O,LiCl·H₂O等五种盐的结晶区域以及一个HCl分压大于1大气压的区域。 2.在研究三元体系H⁺,Mg²⁺∥Cl^--H₂O时,进一步证实有可称为氢(或泋)光滷石的复盐HCl·MgCl₂·7H₂O生成,它于1大气压下在約44℃分解。在三元体系H⁺,Li⁺∥Cl^--H₂O中,当0℃时,它也作为固相之一而存在。 3.初步考察所研究的三元和四元体系中的盐析作用。确定在溶液粗成变化相当大的范围内,MgCl₂·6H₂O的溶度随氯化氢和氯化锂的浓度增加而比例下降(以重量克分子浓度表示溶液组成),同时在四元体系中氯化氢与氯化锂对溶液中氯化鎂的盐析作用呈加和性,即它们在四元体系中的总盐析作用等于它们分别在相应三元体系中对氯化镁的盐析效应之和。l·H₂O等五种盐的结晶区域以及一个HCl分压大于1大气压的区域。 2.在研究三元体系H⁺,Mg²⁺∥Cl^--H₂O时,进一步证实有可称为氢(或泋)光滷石的复盐HCl·MgCl₂·7H₂O生成,它于1大气压下在約44℃分解。在三元体系H⁺,Li⁺∥Cl^--H₂O中,当0℃时,它也作为固相之一而存在。 3.初步考察所研究的三元和四元体系中的盐析作用。确定在溶液粗成变化相当大的范围内,MgCl₂·6H₂O的溶度随氯化氢和氯化锂的浓度增加而比例下降(以重量克分子浓度表示溶液组成),同时在四元体系中氯化氢与氯化锂对溶液中氯化鎂的盐析作用呈加和性,即它们在四元体系中的总盐析作用等于它们分别在相应三元体系中对氯化镁的盐析效应之和。     

液晶态磷脂酰乙醇胺脂质体和LB膜结构的研究

用原子力显微镜、小角X射线散射和³¹PNMR分别对液晶态磷脂酰乙醇胺脂质体和LB膜结构进行了研究.用原子力显微镜观察到了液晶态脂质体的立方相和双层膜共存的结构图像.研究结果表明,两相共存的状态与双亲性分子的结构、浓度以及介质的组分和pH等因素有关.用小角X射线散射和³¹PNMR研究发现,在DEPE液晶态中,钠盐诱导形成Q²²⁹(Im3m)立方相.DEPE液晶态分别在37.5℃出现L_β→L_α可逆相变,在63.5℃出现L_α→H_Ⅱ可逆相变.     

基于Keggin型杂多酸的无机-有机杂化物的合成和光催化活性

采用水热合成方法制备了2个基于Keggin型杂多酸的无机-有机杂化物, 化学式分别为{[Cu₂(4,4′- bipy)₄(H₂O)₄](SiMo₁₂O₄₀)·18H₂O}_n(1)和{[Cu₂(4,4′-bipy)₄(H₂O)₄](PMo₆W₆O₄₀)·18H₂O}_n(2)(bipy=bipyridine). 结构分析 表明2个化合物同构, Cu²⁺是六配位, 分别与4个4,4′-bipy上的N原子和2个水分子上的O原子结合, 形成 [Cu(4,4′-bipy)₂(H₂O)₂]_n²ⁿ⁺二维层状结构. 杂多阴离子通过静电与配位阳离子[Cu(4,4′-bipy)₂(H₂O)₂]_n²ⁿ⁺作用交叉排列在层间. 通过红外光谱、 粉末X射线衍射和固体紫外-可见漫反射光谱等对化合物的性质进行了表征. 研究了所合成化合物对水溶性染料亚甲基蓝的降解活性, 发现2种化合物对于亚甲基蓝均表现出显著的光降解活性, 并对它们的催化机理进行了讨论.     

层状溶致液晶中磁性纳米粒子掺杂的研究

选择非离子表面活性剂十二烷基(4)聚氧乙烯醚(C₁₂E₄)与H₂O构成的溶致液晶(LLC)层状模板, 掺杂油酸铵包覆的Fe₃O₄亲水性磁性纳米粒子, 构建稳定的有机/无机杂合体. 用透射电镜(TEM), X射线粉末衍射(XRD), 偏光显微镜(POM), 小角X射线散射(SAXS)和振动探针式磁强计(VSM)等对粒子及掺杂前后的层状液晶相结构变化进行表征. 结果表明, 粒子掺入使LLC模板的层间距产生了改变, 同时增强了体系有序性．通过对杂合体表征结果的分析, 阐述了模板与粒子间相互作用的机理.     

四元体系CsCl-PrCl3-13%HCl-H2O(25℃)和CsCl-Prcl3-42%HAc-H2O(30℃)的相平衡研究

测定了四元体系CsCl-PrCl₃-13%HCl-H₂O(25℃)和CsCl-PrCl₃-42%HAc-H₂O(30℃)的稳定平衡态的溶度数据,绘制了相应的溶度图.两个体系中皆有4种固相:CsCl、PrCL₃·6H₂O₂种原始盐和CsCl·PrCl·6H₂O、3CsCl·PrCl₃·7H₂O2种复盐.证实了文献中对Meyer反应1机理的解释,并对新相进行了热分析、X射线粉末衍射及偏光显微镜测定.     

在288.15K时H3BO3-MgCl2-MgSO4-H2O四元体系的溶解度等温线

研究了MgCl₂-MgSO₄-H₂O、H₃BO₃-MgCl₂-H₂O、H₃BO₃-MgSO₄-H₂O三个三元体系及由它们所组成的四元体系H₃BO₃-MgCl₂-MgSO₄-H₂O在288.15K的溶解度等温线。确定了六水硫酸镁的存在,讨论了各相之间的关系及各化合物相互间的盐析作用。     

层状钴有机膦酸化合物的合成以及变磁行为

从配体C₆H₅CH₂N(CH₂PO₃H₂)₂ (H₄L)出发, 在水热条件下得到了两个层状结构化合物Co₂(L)(H₂O)₂·0.3H₂O (1)和Co₂(L)(H₂O) (2). 在这两个化合物的层结构中分别存在“之”字型和“蝴蝶”型的{Co₄O₆}四核簇结构单元, 相邻四核通过O-P-O桥连形成二维无机层状结构, 有机基团位于层与层之间. 磁性测试表明, 化合物1中存在反铁磁耦合, 并且在低温下表现出场致变磁行为; 我们还对化合物1的脱水样品(1-de)进行了磁性测试, 测试结果表明化合物1-de存在自旋翻转现象. CCDC: 908112 (1), 908113 (2).     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.