Supported Ru catalysts prepared by two sonication-assisted methods for preferential oxidation of CO in H2

The preferential oxidation (PROX) of CO in the presence of H(2) is an important step in the production of pure H(2) for industrial applications. In this report, two sonochemical methods (S1 and S2) were used to prepare highly dispersed Ru catalysts supported on mesoporous TiO(2) (TiO(2)(MSP)) for the PROX reaction, in which a reaction gas mixture containing 1% CO + 1% O(2) + 18% CO(2) + 78% H(2) was used. The supported Ru catalysts performed better than the supported Au and Pt catalysts, and the S1 and S2 methods are superior to the impregnation method. The Ru/TiO(2)(MSP) catalysts were active for the PROX reaction below 200 °C and good for the methanation reactions of CO and CO(2) above 200 °C. The presence of residual chlorine in the catalysts severely suppressed their PROX reaction activity, and a higher dispersion of Ru particles led to better catalytic performances. The addition of Au in the Ru/TiO(2)(MSP) catalyst also caused a poorer catalytic activity for both the PROX and the methanation reactions. TPR results showed that in the active catalysts prepared by the S1 and S2 methods, the well dispersed Ru particles, after calcination in air, had a stronger interaction with the support than those in the catalyst prepared by the impregnation method and in the Au-Ru/TiO(2)(MSP) catalyst. In situ CO absorption experiments performed with the diffusion reflectance Fourier transform infra red (DRIFT) method showed that the bridged adsorbed CO species on isolated Ru(0) sites correlated with the catalytic performances, indicating that these isolated Ru(0) sites are the most active sites of the Ru/TiO(2)(MSP) catalysts in the PROX reaction.     

Localized Partial Oxidation of Acetic Acid at the Dual Perimeter Sites of the Au/TiO(2) Catalyst-Formation of Gold Ketenylidene

Chemisorbed acetate species derived from the adsorption of acetic acid have been oxidized on a nano-Au/TiO(2) (～3 nm diameter Au) catalyst at 400 K in the presence of O(2)(g). It was found that partial oxidation occurs to produce gold ketenylidene species, Au(2)═C═C═O. The reactive acetate intermediates are bound at the TiO(2) perimeter sites of the supported Au/TiO(2) catalyst. The ketenylidene species is identified by its measured characteristic stretching frequency ν(CO) = 2040 cm(-1) and by (13)C and (18)O isotopic substitution comparing to calculated frequencies found from density functional theory. The involvement of dual catalytic Ti(4+) and Au perimeter sites is postulated on the basis of the absence of reaction on a similar nano-Au/SiO(2) catalyst. This observation excludes low coordination number Au sites as being active alone in the reaction. Upon raising the temperature to 473 K, the production of CO(2) and H(2)O is observed as both acetate and ketenylidene species are further oxidized by O(2)(g). The results show that partial oxidation of adsorbed acetate to adsorbed ketenylidyne can be cleanly carried out over Au/TiO(2) catalysts by control of temperature.     

镍掺杂对氧化铝纳米片负载金催化剂在CO氧化反应中的促进作用（英文）

负载型金催化剂在CO氧化反应中具有良好的低温活性,受到了研究者的广泛关注,其催化性能与载体的性质密切相关.氧化铝具有廉价易得、比表面积大和热稳定性好等优点.然而,作为一种非还原性载体,氧化铝提供活性氧物种的能力差,与还原性载体相比催化剂的CO氧化活性较低.理论计算和实验结果表明,在金催化剂中引入过渡金属镍能够有效促进氧分子在催化剂表面的吸附和活化,从而提升金催化剂活性.此外,过渡金属的存在能够提高金的分散度,增加活性位数目,防止在高温预处理过程中金颗粒的烧结,从而提高催化剂的活性和稳定性.基于上述考虑,本文在氧化铝纳米片合成过程中原位引入硝酸镍,以实现对氧化铝载体的改性,然后负载金并应用于CO氧化反应.结果表明,当载体中的Ni/Al摩尔比为0.05,金负载量为1wt%时,采用还原性气氛对催化剂进行预处理可以得到具有CO氧化性能优良的金催化剂, 20 oC下CO转化率即可达100%.预处理气氛能够显著影响催化活性,采用还原性气氛预处理后催化剂活性明显优于氧化性气氛预处理.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、氢气程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、氧气程序升温脱附(O2-TPD)、CO吸附原位红外光谱(CO-DRIFT)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等表征手段进一步研究了镍掺杂对Au/Al2O3催化剂上CO氧化反应的促进作用机制.XRD测试未观察到明显的金或镍衍射峰,表明金或镍物种均为高分散.HRTEM结果进一步证实,引入镍物种后金颗粒的粒径由3.6 nm减小为2.4 nm,表明镍掺杂有助于提高金的分散度.而XPS结果显示,镍掺杂催化剂中金与镍存在电子转移,而镍仍以Ni O为主.H2-TPR结果表明,镍掺杂的催化剂前驱体中的金物种更容易被还原.O2-TPD结果证实,镍掺杂催化剂能够引入更多的氧空位,促进氧分子的吸附和活化,从而促进CO氧化反应的进行.CO-DRIFT结果表明,相比于氧化性气氛,采用还原性气氛预处理后金物种的电子云密度增加, CO吸附增强.而对于镍掺杂的催化剂,金物种吸附CO分子的能力进一步提高,有利于CO氧化反应的进行.综上,镍掺杂能够有效提高催化剂中金的分散度,增强催化剂对CO的吸附,促进氧气分子的吸附和活化,从而提高了催化剂的CO氧化活性.     

氧化铈促进的高效Au/Al2O3催化剂制备及其催化CO选择氧化反应性能

近年来,伴随全球能源危机的加剧,以及温室效应和细颗粒物等一系列环境问题出现,各国研究者正努力寻求和开发可持续利用的新能源来代替传统的化石能源.燃料电池具有能量转化效率高、对环境排放低和污染小等优点,作为一种新的环境友好型技术而广受关注.在众多的燃料电池中,质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)因具有能量效率高和工作窗口温度
　　低等优势而备受关注.但是, PEMFC燃料以H2为主,主要来源是烃类的重整气,但其中痕量的CO (10 ppm)将会引起Pt电极中毒,导致PEMFC性能迅速下降,因此如何有效地祛除富氢气体中的CO并尽可能减少H2的消耗具有重要研究价值.目前, CO选择氧化法(CO-PROX)是公认的最简单、廉价和有效的办法之一. CO的消除通常选用霍加拉特催化剂,虽然Cu基催化剂具有低廉的成本和较好的CO催化氧化性能,但是当反应中有H2O和CO2存在时,其活性会迅速下降. Au催化剂具有优异的低温CO催化氧化性能,但在PEMFC的工作温度窗口为80–120oC时,随着反应温度提高, H2与CO之间的竞争吸附变强,采用单组分Au催化剂难于在80–120 oC内使CO完全氧化.因此,设计并制备高效的Au催化剂来提高其在PEMFC工作温度(80–120 oC)条件下CO-PROX反应活性和选择性仍然是目前该方向的难点.氧化铈(CeO2)是一种重要的稀土化合物,由于Ce具有独特的4f电子层结构, Ce3+/Ce4+在一定条件下可以相互转化,具有较高的储放氧能力,即能够在富氧条件下储存氧,在贫氧条件下释放氧. CeO2是一种重要的氧化反应催化剂载体,是三效催化剂的主要组成部分,在净化汽车尾气方面稀土元素具有独特的优势,广泛应用于CO氧化和NOx消除等领域中.最近,本课题组以自制的氧化铝为载体,制备了K掺杂的Au-Cu/Al2O3催化剂,其在CO-PROX反应中具有较好的催化活性和稳定性.本文在此基础上,利用Au与CeO2之间的相互作用,制备了CeO2掺杂的Au/CeO2/Al2O3催化剂和K掺杂的Au-Cu/CeO2/Al2O3催化剂.表征结果发现,催化剂中Au和Au-Cu纳米粒子的尺寸均一,平均粒径分别为2.4±0.4和2.8±0.4 nm.与Au/Al2O3催化剂相比, Ce掺杂的Au催化剂具有更高的金属分散度,拓宽了其CO完全转化时的反应温度窗口(30–70 oC).对所制备的Au催化剂进一步通过拉曼光谱、H2程序升温还原和CO-红外光谱等手段分析和CO-PROX催化性能测试,可以证实Au-Cu/CeO2/Al2O3催化剂中各组分在CO-PROX反应中所起的作用.结果表明, CeO2的掺杂能增强活性组分与载体之间的相互作用,有助于提高Au-Cu纳米粒子的分散度,此外还能提高Au催化剂的还原性能,其表面形成的氧空位提高了CO-PROX反应的催化性能. Cu物种的引入显著增强了CO在Au催化剂上吸附能力.综上所述, CeO2组分对Au/Al2O3催化剂的促进作用体现在：(1)有效锚定Au和Au-Cu纳米粒子;(2)提供CO-PROX反应中的活性氧物种.     

Understanding the effect of cobalt particle size on Fischer-Tropsch synthesis: surface species and mechanistic studies by SSITKA and kinetic isotope effect

Co/γ-Al(2)O(3) catalysts with particle sizes in the range of 4-15 nm were investigated by isothermal hydrogenation (IH), temperature programmed hydrogenation (TPH), and steady-state isotopic transient kinetic analysis (SSITKA). Kinetic isotope effect experiments were used to probe possible mechanisms on Co/γ-Al(2)O(3) with different particle size. It was found that CO dissociated on Co/γ-Al(2)O(3) catalysts at 210 °C. The total amount of CO(2) formed following the dissociation depends on the cobalt crystal size. O-Co binding energy was found to be highly dependent on the Co metal particle size, whereas similar C-Co binding energy was found on catalysts with different Co particle size. Very strongly bonded carbon and oxygen surface species increased with decreasing particle size and acted as site blocking species in the methanation reaction. SSITKA experiments showed that the intrinsic activity (1/τ(CH(x))) remained constant as the particle size increased from 4 to 15 nm. The number of surface intermediates (N(CH(x))) increased with increasing particle size. The apparent activation energies were found similar for these catalysts, about 85 kJ/mol. D(2)-H(2) switches further confirmed that the particle size did not change the kinetically relevant steps in the reaction. The reactivity of the active sites on the 4 nm particles was the same as those on the 8, 11, and 15 nm particles, and only the number of total available surface active sites was less on the 4 nm particles than on the others.     

Effect of supporting surface layers on catalytic activities of gold nanoparticles in CO oxidation

The surfaces of fumed silica materials were modified with a surface sol-gel process for catalysis applications. This surface-modification approach allows not only a monolayer growth of TiO(2) or Al(2)O(3) but also a stepwise double-layer growth of TiO(2)/TiO(2), Al(2)O(3)/Al(2)O(3), TiO(2)/Al(2)O(3), or Al(2)O(3)/TiO(2) on the surfaces of the silica materials with a monolayer precision. XRD analyses revealed that the coated monolayers and double layers of TiO(2) and Al(2)O(3) were amorphous. Gold nanoparticles were successfully deposited on the above six surface-modified silica materials via a deposition-precipitation method. The catalytic activities of these six gold catalysts for CO oxidation are highly dependent on the structures of their surface monolayers or double layers. The gold catalyst supported on the silica material functionalized with a TiO(2) monolayer (Au/TiO(2)) is the most active in both as-synthesized and oxidized forms, while the gold catalyst supported on the silica material functionalized with an Al(2)O(3)/TiO(2) double layer (Au/Al(2)O(3)/TiO(2)/SiO(2)) is the most active in the reduced form among the six catalysts. Surprisingly, the gold catalyst supported on the silica material functionalized with a TiO(2)/Al(2)O(3) double layer (Au/TiO(2)/Al(2)O(3)/SiO(2)) has much less activity than Au/Al(2)O(3)/TiO(2)/SiO(2) under all various treatments, underscoring the sensitivity of the catalytic activity to the structure of the supporting surfaces.     

Effect of Ti3+ on TiO2-supported Cu catalysts used for CO oxidation

In this paper, we have shown that Cu/TiO(2) catalysts are highly active in CO oxidation. For instance, a 3.4% Cu/TiO(2) catalyst exhibits a higher turnover rate for the effective removal of CO in air than 3-5% Pt/TiO(2) and 20% Cu/ZnO/Al(2)O(3) catalysts. A small amount of Cu(+) species is formed during the calcination treatment at 225 °C, which is the main active phase for the CO oxidation. However, it is proposed that some highly dispersed CuO can also form in the TiO(2) lattice during the calcination treatment. Furthermore, a strong electron interaction between Cu(2+) in highly dispersed CuO and Ti(3+) on rutile TiO(2) (Cu(2+)+Ti(3+)→Cu(+)+Ti(4+)) has been shown to occur. Overall, the reduction of Cu(+) is a major factor that contributes to the reaction rate of the CO oxidation.     

CeO2纳米层对多层载体x-CeO2/3DOM Al2O3负载纳米Au催化剂催化柴油炭烟燃烧活性的影响

与汽油车相比,柴油车具有CO2排放低、寿命长和经济性好等优点,所以近年来受到广泛关注并被大量使用.但是,柴油车在使用过程中会产生大量炭烟颗粒物(PM),对大气环境和人类健康造成很大威胁.因此,开展这方面的基础研究具有重要的科学意义及环境保护意义.催化柴油炭烟燃烧反应是一个气-固-固多相深度氧化反应,由于PM的粒径远大于传统催化剂,导致PM不能进入催化剂孔道内部,造成催化剂活性比表面积利用率较低.设计并制备大孔径的三维有序大孔结构(3DOM)的催化剂,能够减小反应扩散阻力,增加催化剂与炭烟颗粒物的有效接触,加快反应进行.另外,可以通过在3DOM氧化物表面担载其它活性组分,提高催化剂的氧化还原性能,进而提高其活性.CeO2有很好的储放氧性能,在柴油车尾气净化催化剂中较为常见,但是单一的CeO2热稳定性较差,高温下容易烧结,使得比表面积减小,并且失去储氧能力,造成催化剂失活.文献中较常见的解决办法是在CeO2中掺杂其它阳离子,如Zr4+,Pr3+,Al3+,La3+及Y3+等离子,以提高CeO2的抗高温烧结能力.此外,研究报道的催化剂对催化柴油炭烟颗粒物燃烧的峰值温度已经远低于炭烟颗粒物的自燃温度,但是对颗粒物的起燃温度仍普遍较高.我们前期研究结果表明,担载纳米Au颗粒催化剂能够显著降低炭烟燃烧的起燃温度.本文采用胶体晶体模板法制备了3DOM Al2O3载体,利用微孔膜-氨沉淀法担载不同量的活性组分CeO2,制备出一种负载型x-CeO2/3DOM Al2O3催化剂,它既可减少稀土元素用量,降低成本,又因为Al2O3的机械强度较高,还能保证催化剂的机械强度足够好.为了进一步降低催化剂催化炭烟燃烧的起燃温度,利用还原沉积法在多层载体x-CeO2/3DOM Al2O3上负载纳米Au催化剂,制备出不同厚度的CeO2纳米层负载Au催化剂(Au/x-CeO2/3DOM Al2O3).利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜、H2程序升温还原和O2程序升温脱附等方法研究了催化剂的结构及物化性质与催化剂活性之间的关系,提出了消除PM反应的可能机理.结果表明,Al3+离子能够部分进入到CeO2中,形成Al-Ce固溶体.由于Al离子半径小于Ce离子,Al3+掺杂后能引起CeO2晶格发生畸变,产生大量缺陷,形成大量氧空位,促进晶格氧的移动,从而使催化剂具有更大的储放氧能力.在Au/x-CeO2/3DOM Al2O3催化剂中,CeO2担载量过高时,氧化铈纳米层较厚,活性组分容易烧结,不利于催化剂活性提高;而CeO2担载量过低,则CeO2纳米层较稀薄,催化剂的氧化还原性能受限,催化剂活性也不高.因此,CeO2的担载量应适当.此外,Au和CeO2之间的强相互作用能够增加Au纳米颗粒表面活性氧物种的数量,从而促进柴油炭烟燃烧反应.活性测试结果表明,担载纳米Au颗粒后,催化剂催化柴油炭烟燃烧的起燃温度均明显降低,在所制备的系列催化剂中Au/20％CeO2/3DOM Al2O3催化剂展示了最高的催化活性,T10,T50和T90分别为267,372和426 oC.     

控制CO选择氧化反应中金催化剂热点形成的新方法

采用沉积-沉淀法制备了Al2O3和MOx-Al2O3(M=Fe,Zn)负载型金催化剂.室温下对其CO氧化及富氢条件下CO选择氧化催化活性进行了广泛的研究.催化剂床层温度由热电偶直接测定.催化剂表面温度与O2/CO的体积比以及CO和H2的浓度密切相关.在CO氧化反应过程中Au/Al2O3催化剂的温度可高达170°C,添加FeOx可使其降至55°C.利用一系列仪器(X射线衍射仪,X射线光电子能谱仪和透射电镜等)对催化剂的结构进行了表征.结果显示Al2O3负载型金催化剂热点的形成可以通过添加合适的助剂很好地控制.助剂的添加能够使催化剂活性中心由金属态Au变为AuIII,从而导致了CO选择氧化反应机理不同.     

Au/TiO2催化剂上非催化CO氧化反应中活性氧物种的生成和消除

在定量的瞬时产物分析(TAP)反应器中,于80 oC下采用CO脉冲和O2脉冲补充等方法,研究了高温(400 oC)焙烧的Au/TiO2催化剂上活性氧物种的移除反应活性,特别是活性氧物种的性质。以往的研究大多关注的是CO催化氧化反应中活性氧物种及其性质,在典型的反应条件下该物种的形成和消除是可逆的;而本研究表明,催化剂直接焙烧后就存在额外的氧物种;该物种对CO氧化反应也具有活性,但其在典型的反应条件下不生成或生成很少。基于此,讨论了Au/TiO2催化剂上CO氧化反应的机理,特别是不同活性氧物种的作用。     

Li-Mn/WO_(3)/TiO_(2)固体酸催化剂的制备及其甲烷氧化偶联催化性能研究北大核心CSCD

Li-Mn/WO_(3)/TiO_(2)催化剂具有良好的低温OCM催化性能,采用浸渍法制备Li-Mn/WO_(3)/TiO_(2)催化剂,并详细考察WO_(3)对催化剂物理化学性质及催化性能的影响.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、CO_(2)程序升温脱附(CO_(2)-TPD)、O_(2)程序升温脱附(O_(2)-TPD)、H_(2)程序升温还原(H_(2)-TPR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等表征技术对催化剂进行了研究,发现WO_(3)的添加提高了C_(2)选择性,并有效抑制了深度氧化.XRD与CO_(2)-TPD结果表明,WO_(3)的添加不仅有利于金红石型TiO_(2)的形成而且能够中和催化剂表面的强碱位,从而抑制了深度氧化反应.O_(2)-TPD和H_(2)-TPR结果表明,WO_(3)的添加降低了晶格氧(O^(2-))移动性,进而提高了反应的C_(2)选择性.此外,WO_(3)的添加促使了低温氧化偶联活性物种MnTiO_(3)的形成并提高了活性物种的分散性,因此提高了催化剂甲烷氧化偶联的反应活性和选择性.所有Li-Mn/x%WO_(3)/TiO_(2)催化剂中,Li-Mn/5%WO_(3)/TiO_(2)催化剂显示出最佳的OCM反应性能.在750℃,CH_(4)∶O_(2)∶N_(2)=10∶4∶5,GHSV=2280 mL·g^(-1)·h^(-1)条件下,最高的C_(2)产物收率可达16.3%.     

单晶Au表面和Au/TiO2（110）模型催化剂表面CO氧化反应机理和活性位

在分子尺度上介绍了Au/TiO2(110)模型催化剂表面和单晶Au表面CO氧化反应机理和活性位、以及H2O的作用.在低温(<320 K), H2O起着促进CO氧化的作用, CO氧化的活性位位于金纳米颗粒与TiO2载体界面(Auδ+–Oδ––Ti)的周边. O2和H2O在金纳米颗粒与TiO2载体界面边缘处反应形成OOH,而形成的OOH使O–O键活化,随后OOH与CO反应生成CO2.300 K时CO2的形成速率受限于O2压力与该反应机理相印证.相反,在高温(>320 K)下,因暴露于CO中而导致催化剂表面重组,在表面形成低配位金原子.低配位的金原子吸附O2,随后O2解离,并在金属金表面氧化CO.     

TiO2对Ni/Al2O3催化剂CO甲烷化性能的影响

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了一系列不同TiO₂含量的TiO₂-Al₂O₃复合载体,并通过浸渍法制备了NiO/TiO₂-Al₂O₃催化剂。分别考察了不同TiO₂含量的NiO/TiO₂-Al₂O₃催化剂及反应温度对CO甲烷化催化性能的影响。实验结果表明,当复合载体中TiO₂质量分数为30%,反应温度为350～450 ℃时,催化剂催化活性较高。利用N₂吸附-脱附(BET)、X射线衍射(XRD)及H₂程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)等手段对催化剂物化性能进行了表征。结果表明,加入适量的TiO₂能抑制镍铝尖晶石NiAl₂O₄物种的生成,改善NiO的表面分散性能,避免大晶粒NiO的形成,也改善了催化剂的还原性能,从而提高催化剂的CO甲烷化活性。     

A synthesis of high-efficiency Pd-Cu-Cl(x)/Al(2)O(3) catalyst for low temperature CO oxidation

Pd-Cu-Cl(x)/Al(2)O(3) catalysts were prepared by a NH(3) coordination-impregnation method and exhibited an excellent activity for low-temperature CO oxidation and 100% CO conversion was obtained at -30 °C for 400 ppm CO and 1000 ppm H(2)O/air.     

Support effect in high activity gold catalysts for CO oxidation

In this work, we present a detailed study concerning the evaluation of the metal-support interaction in high activity gold catalysts for CO oxidation. Using the colloidal deposition method, model catalysts were prepared, which allow the isolation of the effect of the support on the catalytic activity. Prefabricated gold particles were thus deposited on different support materials. Since the deposition process did not change the particle sizes of the gold particles, only the influence of the support could be studied. TiO2, Al2O3, ZrO2, and ZnO were used as support materials. Catalytic tests and high resolution transmission electron microscopy clearly show that the support contributes to the activity. However, our results are not in line with the distinction between active and passive supports based on the semiconducting properties of the oxidic material. The most active catalysts were obtained with TiO2 and Al2O3, while ZnO and ZrO2 gave substantially less active catalysts. Furthermore, the effect of other important parameters on the catalytic activity (i.e., particles size distribution, calcination temperature, and aging time for a Au/TiO2 catalyst) has also been studied. Using this preparation route, the catalysts show high-temperature stability, size dependent activity, and a very good long-term stability.     

铂基催化剂用于柴油烃氧化

The catalytic performance of Pt-based catalysts for the total oxidation of hydrocarbons was investigated.The activity of supported Pt catalysts(Pt/Al2O3,Pt/ZrO2,Pt/TiO2,and Pt/H-ZSM-5)depends on the metal oxide support.Pt/Al2O3 showed the highest catalytic activity when the catalysts were aged at 750°C for 50 h in air.The activity of Pt/Al2O3 was dependent on the valence state of the Pt surface.Pt/Al2O3 with the Pt surface in the metallic state was more active than with the surface in the cationic state.The surface density of acid and basic sites on the Al2O3 support controlled the valence state of the Pt surface and stability of the Pt particles in the highly dispersed state,respectively.     

Hydrogen chemisorption on Al2O3-supported gold catalysts

Hydrogen is dissociatively adsorbed on the gold particles in Au/Al(2)O(3) catalysts, as demonstrated by a combination of in-situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy, chemisorption, and H/D exchange experiments. This chemisorption of hydrogen induces changes in the Au L(3) and L(2) X-ray absorption near-edge structures. The gold atoms on corner and edge positions dissociate the hydrogen, which does not spill over to the face sites. Therefore, the average number of adsorbed hydrogen atoms per surface gold atom increases with decreasing particle size. With temperature, the hydrogen uptake by supported gold increases or remains constant, whereas it decreases for platinum. Furthermore, in H/D exchange experiments, the activity of Au/Al(2)O(3) increases strongly with temperature. Thus, the dissociation and adsorption of hydrogen on gold is activated.     

CO Preferential oxidation promoted by UV irradiation in the presence of H2 over Au/TiO2

The catalytic oxidation of CO was performed over Au/TiO(2) under UV irradiation in the presence of H(2) in different reaction systems. It was found that the introduction of H(2) enhanced the CO thermocatalytic oxidation in a CO pre-introduced system (CO/O(2)vs. CO/H(2)/O(2)), but suppressed that in an O(2) pre-introduced (O(2)/CO vs. O(2)/H(2)/CO) system. Although the CO oxidation in both CO/H(2)/O(2) and O(2)/H(2)/CO systems could be remarkably enhanced under UV irradiation, the oxidation of H(2) was suppressed under UV irradiation. It was proposed that the dissociative chemisorption H ([triple bond]Ti-H) at surface oxygen vacancy sites of TiO(2) could act as both the electron-acceptors for the photogeneration electrons and the electron-donors for the chemisorbed O(2) at TiO(2), and thus enhance the CO oxidation during the coinstantaneous process of thermocatalysis and photocatalysis. The suppression of H(2) thermocatalytic oxidation under UV irradiation might be ascribed to the electron transfer effect, i.e., the dissociative chemisorption H on Au (Au-H) could be desorbed at the H(2) molecule via accepting the photogenerated electrons from TiO(2).     

Low-temperature decomposition of methanol on Au nanoclusters supported on a thin film of Al2O3/NiAl100

With a variety of surface probe techniques, we investigated low-temperature decomposition of methanol on Au nanoclusters formed by vapor deposition onto an ordered Al(2)O(3)/NiAl(100) thin film. Upon adsorption of methanol on the Au clusters (with mean diameter 1.5-3.8 nm and height 0.45-0.85 nm) at 110 K, some of the adsorbed methanol dehydrogenates directly into carbon monoxide (CO); the produced hydrogen atoms (H) begin to desorb near 125 K whereas most of the CO desorbs above 240 K. The reaction exhibits a significant dependence on the Au coverage: the produced CO increases in quantity with the Au coverage, reaches a maximum at about 1.0-1.5 ML Au, whereas decreases with further increase of the Au coverage. The coverage-dependence is rationalized partly by an altered number of reactive sites associated with low-coordinated Au in the clusters. At least two kinds of reactive sites for the low-temperature decomposition are distinguished through distinct C-O stretching frequencies (2050 cm(-1) and 2092 cm(-1)) while the produced CO co-adsorbs with H and methanol.