PEG接枝氧化石墨烯的制备与细胞成像

通过酯化反应将不同分子量的聚乙二醇(PEG)接枝到氧化石墨烯(GO)表面,得到系列GO-PEG。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对GO-PEG的结构和形貌进行了表征,用热重分析(TGA)测定了GO-PEG中PEG的接枝量。SEM结果表明GO-PEG的剥离程度高于GO。GO-PEG在磷酸盐缓冲溶液中具有良好的分散稳定性,稳定性与接枝量呈正相关。GO-PEG通过非共价键合作用对荧光素(Flu)的负载量可达1.75 mg·mg-1,且负载量受接枝量影响;另外,GO-PEG对Flu的释放行为具有pH值触发药物释放性能。将接枝PEG的端羟基与Flu共价键合,所得GO-PEG6000-Flu荧光探针实现了对HepG2细胞的成像。     

不同溶剂对甲氨蝶呤/类水滑石复合物性质的影响

采用共沉淀法将甲氨蝶呤(MTX)插层组装到类水滑石(LDHs)层间,分别考察了不同溶剂(如:水、乙醇/水、聚乙二醇-400/水、聚乙二醇-4000/水)对合成的甲氨蝶呤/类水滑石(MTX/LDHs)纳米复合物性质的影响.利用透射电镜(TEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)观察产物形貌,利用X-射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)、热重/差式扫描量热(TG-DSC)和紫外光谱(UV-Vis)等表征手段,对纳米复合物的结构及热力学性质进行了系统的研究.在pH=7.4的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中测定不同时间点药物累积释放量,考察了不同溶剂中合成的MTX/LDHs纳米复合物的药物控释性能.结果表明,短链聚乙二醇的加入保证了纳米粒子的稳定生长,能有效控制产物形貌,合成出的产物呈规则的圆片状,单分散性好,药物缓释性能平稳,释放过程属于药物扩散控制过程.当聚乙二醇分子链过长时,由于其自身容易发生缠绕,反而不利于纳米粒子的生长.     

聚丙烯酰胺/层状无机物纳米复合材料研究进展

聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)/层状无机物纳米复合材料相比于纯PAM具有更好的力学性能、超吸水性能、热稳定性能和气体阻隔性能等,是一种性能优异并在采油、农业和卫生学等领域有着广泛应用前景的新型聚合物基纳米复合材料。本文对近年来聚丙烯酰胺/层状无机物纳米复合材料的研究进展进行了综述。首先重点介绍了层状双氢氧化物(LDHs)在有机溶剂和水中剥离分散方面的研究进展,接着综述了PAM/LDH和PAM/粘土纳米复合材料的制备与结构表征,最后阐述了PAM/层状无机物纳米复合材料的流变性能、力学性能和超吸水性能等。     

聚丙烯/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的制备、结构和性能

聚丙烯／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料可通过丙烯单体插层聚合、聚丙烯溶液插层和聚丙烯熔融插层等方法制备，得到插层型或剥离型纳米复合材料，形成了与传统填充型聚合物复合材料不同的微观结构，其机械性能，热性能，阻隔性能和流变性能等明显提高，由于聚丙烯的非极性及层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料制备方法的特殊性，该研究具有一定的理论价值。     

纳米无机粒子/聚合物复合材料界面结构的研究

纳米粒子具有许多特性,聚合物中加入纳米粒子可以制备得到性能更加优异的复合材料,其中纳米粒子和聚合物基体间的界面对决定纳米复合材料的性能起着重要作用.本文综述了近些年来表征纳米无机颗粒/聚合物复合材料中界面结构的研究手段,如红外光谱(FTIR)、热重(TGA)、电子显微镜、小角中子散射(SANS)及小角X射线散射(SAXS)等,及界面结构与复合材料力学性能和热稳定性关系的研究进展.同时也介绍了纳米粒子对复合材料的渗透、光催化、阻燃、介电及导电性能的影响.最后对这一领域的研究进行了展望.     

聚氯乙烯/层状双氢氧化物纳米复合材料研究进展

聚氯乙烯(PVC)/层状双氢氧化物(LDHs)纳米复合材料相比于纯聚氯乙烯具有更好的热稳定性、力学性能、阻燃抑烟性、耐候性与耐光性等,是一种性能优异并具有广泛应用前景的新型聚合物基纳米复合材料。本文首先介绍了LDHs的化学组成和结构特点,并对其制备过程和性质特点进行了分析和探讨;然后综述了PVC/LDH纳米复合材料的制备、结构表征及性能等方面的最新研究进展,重点阐述了LDHs的表面有机化处理及其对PVC/LDH纳米复合材料制备与性能的重要作用;最后对其应用前景进行展望。     

原位聚合法制备聚丙烯酸甲酯/ZnAl层状双氢氧化物插层纳米复合材料及其形貌特征

近 2 0年来 ,聚合物 /层状无机物纳米复合材料引起了广泛关注 ,与聚合物材料相比 ,该类纳米复合材料在力学、热稳定性、阻燃、气体阻隔等性能方面都有显著增强 .但所报道的绝大部分无机物均采用蒙脱土为代表的层状硅酸盐[1～ 3] ,而以层状双氢氧化物 (Layered double hydroxide,LDH)为基础制备的聚合物 /层状无机物纳米复合材料的报道极少 .LDH是由水镁石结构中的二价阳离子 (M2 + )被三价阳离子 (M3+ )取代而形成的 ,层上产生的剩余正电荷被吸附在层间的阴离子平衡 .与层状硅酸盐相比 ,L DH层间电荷密度高 ,层与层之间相互作用强 ,导…     

层离型PMMA/镁铁双氢氧化物纳米复合材料的热降解研究

通过原位聚合方法制备了以非水溶性聚合物(聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,PMMA)为基体,与MgFe双氢氧化物(LDH)具有良好相容性的层离型纳米复合材料.采用小角、广角X射线衍射(XRD)及透射电镜(TEM)对纳米复合材料的微观结构进行了分析,通过热重分析(TG)和玻璃化转变研究了纳米复合材料在空气和氮气氛围下的热降解过程.实验结果表明,MgFe-LDH的引入显著提高了聚合物基体的热降解温度和玻璃化转变温度,纳米复合材料的热稳定性显著提高.其中含量1.6 wt%的层离型纳米复合材料在失重50%时的热降解温度比纯样提高约69℃.并且整个纳米复合体系的相容性良好,含量8.0 wt%的样品,其可见光透过率仍可达90%以上.     

高效吸热PET的制备

通过将改性的纳米高吸热剂炭黑(CB)添加到对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)中进行原位聚合反应,得到PET-CB纳米复合材料.采用差热扫描量热法(DSC)、热重分析法(TGA)、热态偏光显微镜(POM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱等测试手段对PET-CB纳米复合材料的结构和性能进行了分析和表征.结果表明:纳米材料在复合材料...     

聚合物/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的环境稳定性

过去的十多年里，聚合物／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料在制备、结构与性能方面的研究取得了长足的进步。一些聚合物基的纳米复合材料已实现工业生产，在汽车、家电和包装等领域得到应用。环境稳定性是聚合物材料应用的一个重要方面。本文从材料的耐候性、耐热性和阻燃性能的角度出发，评述了近年来聚合物／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料在紫外光降解、热降解和燃烧性能方面的研究进展，以期对纳米复合材料的基础研究及应用开发有所裨益。     

Enhanced dispersibility and thermal stability of β-cyclodextrin functionalized graphene

A series of β-cyclodextrin （CDs） functionalized graphene nanohybrids have been successfully fabricated utilizing the classical covalent modification methods at different reaction temperatures. It is very interesting that although both CDs and graphene oxide （GO） could he easily decomposed, the effective combination of GO with CDs leads to significantly enhanced thermal stability of graphene derivatives （GO-CDs）. Moreover, the introduction of CDs could dramatically improve the dispersibility promotion of our products in both polar/protic and nonpolar/aprotic solvents, which will contribute to the preparation of polymer nanocomposites and increase of their thermal stability. The improved thermal degradation temperatures can be obtained for polyvinyl alcohol after filling with as little as 1 wt.% of the hybrid. The obtained products could be potentially used in heat-retardant or thermal-control materials.     

Gold Nanorod‐Assembled PEGylated Graphene‐Oxide Nanocomposites for Photothermal Cancer Therapy

Gold nanorod‐attached PEGylated graphene‐oxide (AuNR‐PEG‐GO) nanocomposites were tested for a photothermal platform both in vitro and in vivo. Cytotoxicity of AuNR was reduced after encapsulation with PEG‐GO along with the removal of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) from AuNR by HCl treatment. Cellular internalization of the CTAB‐eliminated AuNR‐PEG‐GO nanocomposites was examined using dark‐field microscopy (DFM), confocal Raman microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). To determine the photothermal effect of the AuNR‐PEG‐GO nanocomposites, A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells were irradiated with Xe‐lamp light (60 W cm^?2) for 5 min after treatment with the AuNR‐PEG‐GO nanocomposites for 24 h. Cell viability significantly decreased by ~40% when the AuNR‐PEG‐GO‐encapsulated nanocomposites were irradiated with light as compared with the cells treated with only the AuNR‐PEG‐GO nanocomposites without any illumination. In vivo tumor experiments also indicated that HCl‐treated AuNR‐PEG‐GO nanocomposites might efficiently reduce tumor volumes via photothermal processes. Our graphene and AuNR nanocomposites will be useful for an effective photothermal therapy.     

Sulfonated graphene oxide: the new and effective material for synthesis of polystyrene-based nanocomposites

The new sulfonated graphene oxide (S-GO) was prepared and firstly used as effective materials for the synthesis of polystyrene/graphene nanocomposites via Pickering emulsion polymerization. The functionalized, chemically modified GO nanosheets were obtained via facile covalent functionalization with a reactive surfactant, sulfanilic acid. It was found that Pickering emulsion could be formed by simple self-assembly method using the S-GO as a stabilizer (just need 1 wt% relative to the oil phase), which could be adsorbed at the oil–water interface to stabilize the emulsion effectively. After the Pickering emulsion polymerization of styrene, the polystyrene/S-GO nanocomposites were prepared successfully. It is noteworthy that the S-GO not only could be used as a highly effective surfactant for styrene monomers but also could be homogeneously dispersed and incorporated into the polymeric matrix.     

In‐situ thermal reduction and effective reinforcement of graphene nanosheet/poly (ethylene glycol)/poly (lactic acid) nanocomposites

This study aims to achieve a molecule‐level dispersion of graphene nanosheets (GNSs) and a maximum interfacial interaction between GNSs and a polymer matrix. GNS‐reinforced poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG)/poly (lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposites are obtained by a facile and environment‐friendly preparation method. Graphite oxide and GNSs are characterized by atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. Scanning electron microscopy shows that the state of dispersion of the GNS in the PEG/PLA matrix is distribution. The tensile strength and Young's modulus increases by 45% and 188%, respectively, with the addition of 4.0 wt% GNSs. The thermal stability of the GNS‐based nanocomposites also improves. Differential scanning calorimetry indicates that GNSs have no remarkable effect on the crystallinity of the nanocomposites. The effective reinforcement of the nanocomposites is mainly attributed to the highly strong molecular‐level dispersion of the GNSs in the polymer matrix. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of modified graphene and microwave irradiation on the mechanical and thermal properties of poly(styrene‐co‐methyl methacrylate)/graphene nanocomposites

The effect of modified graphene (MG) and microwave irradiation on the interaction between graphene (G) and poly(styrene‐co‐methyl meth acrylate) [P(S‐co‐MMA)] polymer matrix has been studied in this article. Modification of graphene was performed using nitric acid. P(S‐co‐MMA) polymer was blended via melt blending with pristine and MG. The resultant nanocomposites were irradiated under microwave at three different time intervals (5, 10, and 20 min). Compared to pristine graphene, MG showed improved interaction with P(S‐co‐MMA) polymer (P) after melt mixing and microwave irradiation. The mechanism of improved dispersion and interaction of modified graphene with P(S‐co‐MMA) polymer matrix during melt mixing and microwave irradiation is due to the presence of oxygen functionalities on the surface of MG as confirmed from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The formation of defects on modified graphene and free radicals on P(S‐co‐MMA) polymer chains after irradiation as explained by Raman spectroscopy and X‐Ray diffraction studies. The nanocomposites with 0.1 wt% G and MG have shown a 26% and 38% increase in storage modulus. After irradiation (10 min), the storage modulus further improved to 11.9% and 27.6% of nanocomposites. The glass transition temperature of nanocomposites also improved considerably after melt mixing and microwave irradiation (but only for polymer MG nanocomposite). However, at higher irradiation time (20 min), degradation of polymer nanocomposites occurred. State of creation of crosslink network after 10 min of irradiation and degradation after 20 min of irradiation of nanocomposites was confirmed from SEM studies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Functionalized graphene/thermoplastic polyester elastomer nanocomposites by reactive extrusion‐based masterbatch: preparation and properties reinforcement

A reactive extrusion process was developed to fabricate polymer/graphene nanocomposites with good dispersion of graphene sheets in the polymer matrix. The functionalized graphene nanosheet (f‐GNS) activated by diphenylmethane diisocyanate was incorporated in thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE) by reactive extrusion process to produce the TPEE/f‐GNS masterbatch. And then, the TPEE/f‐GNS nanocomposites in different ratios were prepared by masterbatch‐based melt blending. The structure and morphology of functionalized graphene were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The incorporation of f‐GNS significantly improved the mechanical, thermal and crystallization properties of TPEE. With the incorporation of only 0.1 wt% f‐GNS, the tensile strength and elongation at break of nanocomposites were increased by 47.6% and 30.8%, respectively, compared with those of pristine TPEE. Moreover, the degradation temperature for 10 wt% mass loss, storage modulus at ?70°C and crystallization peak temperature (T_cp) of TPEE nanocomposites were consistently improved by 17°C, 7.5% and 36°C. The remarkable reinforcements in mechanical and thermal properties were attributed to the homogeneous dispersion and strong interfacial adhesion of f‐GNS in the TPEE matrix. The functionalization of graphene was beneficial to the improvement of mechanical properties because of the relatively well dispersion of graphene sheets in TPEE matrix, as suggested in the TEM images. This simple and effective approach consisting of chemical functionalization of graphene, reactive extrusion and masterbatch‐based melt blending process is believed to offer possibilities for broadening the graphene applications in the field of polymer processing. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Covalent bonded polymer–graphene nanocomposites

This report describes a new route to covalently bonded polymer–graphene nanocomposites and the subsequent enhancement in thermal and mechanical properties of the resultant nanocomposites. At first, the graphite is oxidized by the modified Hummers method followed by functionalization with Octadecylamine (ODA). The ODA functionalized graphite oxides are reacted with methacryloyl chloride to incorporate polymerizable ? C?C? functionality at the nanographene platelet surfaces, which were subsequently employed in in situ polymerization of methylmethacrylate to obtain covalently bonded poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)–graphene nanocomposites. The obtained nanocomposites show significant enhancement in thermal and mechanical properties compared with neat PMMA. Thus, even with 0.5 wt % graphene nanosheets, the T_g increased from 119 °C for neat PMMA to 131 °C for PMMA–graphene nanocomposite, and the respective storage modulus increased from 1.29 to 2 GPa. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 4262–4267, 2010     

Aptamer functionalized magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposites for highly selective capture of histones

The binding coverage of aptamer was an important restricted factor for aptamer‐based affinity enrichment strategy for capturing target molecules. Herein, we designed and prepared aptamer functionalized graphene oxide based nanocomposites (GO/NH₂‐NTA/Fe₃O₄/PEI/Au), and the coverage density of aptamer was high to 33.1 nmol/mg. The high aptamer coverage density was contributed to the large surface area of graphene oxide. The successive modification of Nα,Nα‐Bis(carboxymethyl)‐L‐lysine, magnetic nanoparticles, polyethylenimine, and Au nanoparticles ensured the histone purification with fast speed and high purity. Histones could be captured rapidly and specifically from nucleoproteins by our aptamer based purification strategy, while traditional acid‐extraction could not specifically enrich histones. Compared with traditional acid‐extraction method, rapid and efficient discovery of histones and their post‐translational modifications, such as several kinds of methylation at H3.1K9 and H3.1K27, were achieved confidently. It demonstrated that our aptamer functionalized magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposites have a great potential for histone analysis.     

Controllable Preparation of Polyaniline–Graphene Nanocomposites using Functionalized Graphene for Supercapacitor Electrodes

In order to explore the effect of graphene surface chemistry on electrochemical performance based on polyaniline–graphene hybrid material electrodes, four different polyaniline–graphene nanocomposites were fabricated with graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, aminated graphene and sulfonated graphene as carriers, respectively. The nanocomposites feature various structures and morphologies, which could be used to more deeply understand the morphology and structure effects caused by surface chemistry on electrochemical performance. The experimental results reveal that functionalized electronegative graphene was conducive to the vertical and neat growth of polyaniline (PANI) nanorods. The array architecture endowed the PANI–GS nanocomposite with a large ion‐accessible surface area and high‐efficiency electron‐ and ion‐transport pathways. Meanwhile, the introduction of sulfonic acid functional groups accelerated the redox reaction with doping and dedoping of the PANI. Thereby, the PANI–GS nanocomposite exhibited a high specific capacitance of 863.2 F g^?1 at a current density of 0.2 A g^?1 and the excellent rate capability of 67.4 % (581.6 F g^?1 at 5 A g^?1), which were much better than the other three nanocomposites produced.     

Pd‐Nanoparticle‐Supported,PDDA‐Functionalized Graphene as a Promising Catalyst for Alcohol Oxidation

Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) has been employed as a modifying material for the development of new functional materials; then, the functionalized graphene was employed as a support for Pd nanoparticles through a facile method. The structures and morphologies of the as‐synthesized Pd/PDDA–graphene composites were extensively characterized by Raman spectroscopy, XRD, XPS, and TEM. Morphological observation showed that Pd NPs with average diameters of 4.4 nm were evenly deposited over the functionalized graphene sheets. Moreover, the electrochemical experiments indicated that the Pd/PDDA–graphene catalyst showed improved electrocatalytic activity toward alcohol‐oxidation reactions compared to the Pd/graphene and commercial Pd/C systems, as well as previously reported Pd‐based catalysts. This study demonstrates the great potential of PDDA‐functionalized graphene as a support for the development of metal–graphene nanocomposites for important applications in fuel cells.