基于光子晶体的物质的量浓度测量研究

利用平面波展开法对二维光子晶体在H极化下的光子带隙进行数值计算。考虑了溶液温度和物质的量浓度对光子带隙的影响。结果表明,以半乳糖和木糖的水溶液作为空气孔中介质材料,当溶液物质的量浓度一定时,光子带隙随溶液温度的变化而改变;而当溶液温度一定时,光子带隙随溶液物质的量浓度发生变化。较高物质的量浓度和较高温度的溶液更容易形成光子带隙。在某些情况下,木糖的光子带隙大于半乳糖的光子带隙。     

Measurement of glycerol concentration in B–H–G solution using 3D photonic crystal structure

A novel technique is used to measure the concentration of glycerol in blood-hemoglobin-glycerol (B–H–G) solution using 3D photonic crystal structure is presented in this paper. Glycerol concentration is estimated accurately by measuring the intensities of transmitted light. Here, reflection as well as absorption losses is considered to measure the transmitted intensity of light having wavelength 540 nm. The principle of measurement is based on the linear variation of photonic band gap with respect to glycerol concentration. Simulations for photonic band gap are made using plane wave expansion (PWE) method. An experimental set up is theoretically designed to measure the concentration of glycerol at different hemoglobin concentration.     

一维光子晶体禁带的展宽

作为一维光子晶体的应用基础，一维光子晶体的禁带是研究的重点。通过传输矩阵的方法分析了一维光子晶体禁带的特性，讨论了影响带宽的因素。说明了相对带宽对光子晶体设计的重要性。在这个基础上讨论了扩展一维光子晶体带宽的方法，提出了在角域范围内对光子晶体进行叠加的方法，为设计制造一维光子晶体提供了一种行之有效的方法。分别对2个、3个和4个晶体的叠加进行了分析，最后计算了所设计的合成晶体的反射率。其中4个晶体的叠加，相对带宽达到57．52％，极大地展宽了一维光子晶体的禁带，从而证明利用角域的叠加来展宽一维光子晶体的禁带是非常有效的。     

A novel technique to measure the sucrose concentration in hydrogel sucrose solution using two dimensional photonic crystal structures

We propose a novel technique to measure the concentration of sucrose in PAm-hydrogel sucrose solution using two dimensional photonic crystal structures consists of air holes. PAm-hydrogel is an organic hydrogels, which is used as biomedical applications. The principle of measurement is based on the linear variation of photonic band gap with the change of dielectric constant of the solution infiltrated in air holes of photonic crystal structure. Plane wave expansion method is used to find the band gap and linear variation (R² = 0.9949) of photonic band gap with respect to sucrose concentration is observed. Besides this, an excellent linear variation (R² = 0.9949) of transmitted intensity of light with respect to sucrose concentration is also seen. Since the simulation is based on optical principle, it gives accurate results. This suggests the possible use of 2-D photonic crystal structure as a sucrose sensor. Experimental procedure for measuring the concentration of sucrose is also mentioned.     

二维光子晶体线缺陷结构的光谱辐射特性

光子晶体的禁带特性是该新兴材料的最根本特征。本文运用平面波展开法(PWE)计算了一种正方晶格Si光子晶体材料的禁带特性,并基于该材料设计出一种红外波段的线缺陷光子晶体波导结构。运用时域有限差分法(FDTD)研究了线缺陷二维光子晶体波导宽度对通频带、电场强度及透射能量的影响,研究结果为二维光子晶体波导器件的开发和利用提供了理论支撑。     

Investigation of photonic band gap in a semiconductor-organic photonic crystal in ultraviolet region

We give a theoretical analysis of the photonic band gap in a one-dimensional semiconductor-organic photonic crystal containing a period of AlN/3-octylthiophenes (P3OT) bilayer. The band gap is investigated based on the reflectance calculated by using the transfer matrix method. It is shown that, in the ultraviolet region, there is a photonic band gap which is strongly dependent on the loss and the incident angle for the transverse electric and transverse magnetic waves. Additionally, we find the photonic band gap can be significantly widened in a ternary semiconductor-metal-organic one. The effect of distinct metal on the band gap is also illustrated.     

Enlargement of complete two-dimensional band gap by using photonic crystal heterostructure

A two-dimensional photonic crystal heterostructure, which consists of two photonic crystals of a square lattice of circular columns with reverse dielectric configurations, is proposed. Photonic band gap properties are calculated using a plane-wave method and the transmission spectra are obtained. After optimization, the relative width of the complete band gap reached 13.8% based on the simple unit-cell shape and crystal lattice. The photonic crystal heterostructure opens up new ways of engineering photonic band gap materials and designing photonic crystal devices.     

含特异材料一维超导光子晶体的带隙特性研究

利用传输矩阵法研究了含特异材料的一维超导光子晶体的带隙特性. 研究表明, 这类超导光子晶体同样具有由传统的电介质材料构成的超导光子晶体一样的低频带隙, 且在一定的参数下该低频带隙可以相当宽. 但在一定的结构参数下, 这类超导光子晶体同完全由传统的电介质构成的光子晶体一样不存在低频带隙. 还就超导光子晶体的偏振特性、光子晶体结构参数及环境温度的变化对光子带隙结构的影响进行了研究. 关键词： 超导光子晶体 传输矩阵法 特异材料 光子带隙     

磁导率对二维蜂窝结构光子晶体带隙的影响

利用平面波展开法对二维六角晶格结构磁性光子晶体的带隙特性进行了研究，给出其能带结构分布图，并与非磁性介质构成的光子晶体进行了比较.结果表明，由磁性材料构成的光子晶体更易出现带隙，磁导率对带隙结构影响很大.空气背景磁性散射子情况，磁导率增加较小时，二个绝对光子带隙宽度逐渐减小，直至消失.继续增加磁导率，在较低频率范围内出现一个绝对光子带隙，占空比逐渐加大，且最佳填充系数基本保持不变.磁性背景空气散射子，类似地在较低频率范围内也出现了一个绝对光子带隙.磁性背景非磁性散射子与空气背景磁性散射子情况相似.     

Two-dimensional hexagonal photonic crystal with new element geometry

A new type of the geometry of the elements of hexagonal-lattice photonic crystal shaped as the Wigner-Seitz cell is proposed. Dispersion curves of electromagnetic waves are calculated and the photonic crystal band gap characteristics are determined using the plane wave expansion technique. It is shown that the proposed geometry of the photonic crystal element leads to band gap widening. A simple method for fabricating prototypes using negative electron lithography is proposed.     

Photonic band gap engineering in 2D photonic crystals

The polarization-dependent photonic band gaps (TM and TE polarizations) in two-dimensional photonic crystals with square lattices composed of air holes in dielectric and vice versa i.e., dielectric rods in air, using the plane-wave expansion method are investigated. We then study, how the photonic band gap size is affected by the changing ellipticity of the constituent air holes/dielectric rods. It is observed that the size of the photonic band gap changes with changing ellipticity of the constituent air holes/dielectric rods. Further, it is reported, how the photonic band gap size is affected by the change in the orientation of the constituent elliptical air holes/dielectric rods in 2D photonic crystals.     

Supercontinuum generation in all-solid photonic crystal fiber with low index core

In this paper we report on the fabrication and characterization of an all-solid photonic band gap fiber with high contrast and low index core. The fiber cladding is composed of high index lead-silicate rods while borosilicate NC21 glass is used as a background glass. A 70 nm wide photonic band gap at 875 nm central wavelength is experimentally identified and compared with a numerical model. We also present a novel method for photonic band gap measurement using a femtosecond pulsed laser. The method is verified against standard one and discussed.     

准分形光子晶体多频带隙的特性及其应用

用时域有限差分方法计算了多种准分形结构光子晶体的能带. 数值计算结果表明, 这些结构的光子晶体存在多频带隙的特点, 且带隙的宽度及中心频率以及带隙中导带的中心频率均随准分形光子晶体单胞内结构单元几何形状的改变而改变.     

Analysis of two-dimensional photonic band gap structure with a rhombus lattice

The relative band gap for a rhombus lattice photonic crystal is studied by plane wave expansion method and high frequency structure simulator (HFSS) simulation. General wave vectors in the first Briliouin zone are derived. The relative band gap as a function of air-filling factor and background material is investigated, respectively, and the nature of photonic band gap for different lattice angles is analyzed by the distribution of electric energy. These results would provide theoretical instruction for designing optical integrated devices using photonic crystal with a rhombus lattice.     

介质柱型二维Triangular格子光子晶体的禁带特性

采用平面波展开法数值计算了空气背景中由圆形、正六边形和正方形介质柱构造的二维三角晶格光子晶体禁带结构,并研究了介质方柱旋转角度、介质折射率和填充比对完全光子禁带宽度的影响.结果表明,在低频区,介质方柱旋转17°时,出现最大完全光子禁带,且最大禁带宽度随介质折射率的变化较为稳定.在高频区,介质方柱旋转30°时,完全光子禁带宽度最大;且介质材料折射率n=2.2时即出现完全光子禁带,n=2.6时,完全光子禁带达到最大.     

二氧化硅胶体球自组装光子晶体的研究

光子晶体由于具有光子带隙和光子局域等一系列优异的光学特性而受到了人们广泛的关注。由于采用胶体颗粒自组装法制备光子晶体制备工艺简单,所需要的费用也较低,因此已成为制备可见光至红外波段三维光子晶体的一种简便有效的方法。采用垂直沉积法制得了三维光子晶体薄膜,并用扫描电子显微镜和紫外-可见光-近红外分光光度计对其显微结构和光学特性进行了详细的研究。结果表明,自组装薄膜在三维方向上都具有有序结构,其密排面平行于载波片的表面。制备的光子晶体薄膜具有明显的光子带隙特性,带隙中心波长为956nm。研究了带隙中心波长同入射线与密排面法线夹角之间的变化关系,其结果与理论值吻合得很好。     

用转移矩阵法数值研究二维正方介质柱光子晶体的传输特性

利用转移矩阵方法对二维正方介质柱光子晶体的传输特性进行了研究,数值计算研究了不同晶格、同一晶格柱体截面面积不同、放置方位角不同时光子晶体的传输特性。数值结果表明光子禁带的宽度与中心频率和晶格结构有很大关系,正方晶格更易形成平坦光子禁带,柱体截面面积大,则形成的禁带较宽,在其他因素相同的条件下柱体放置的方位角对光子禁带有重要影响。数值研究表明在正方介质柱下设计宽平坦光子禁带时,可以首先考虑正方晶格结构,其次设法使柱体截面尽量大一些,最后可通过柱体放置方位角来微调光子禁带的宽度与中心频率以达到设计要求。     

Modelling and design of complete photonic band gaps in two-dimensional photonic crystals

In this paper, we investigate the existence and variation of complete photonic band gap size with the introduction of asymmetry in the constituent dielectric rods with honeycomb lattices in two-dimensional photonic crystals (PhC) using the plane-wave expansion (PWE) method. Two examples, one consisting of elliptical rods and the other comprising of rectangular rods in honeycomb lattices are considered with a view to estimate the design parameters for maximizing the complete photonic band gap. Further, it has been shown that complete photonic band gap size changes with the variation in the orientation angle of the constituent dielectric rods.      

Photonic Crystal Polarizing and Non-Polarizing Beam Splitters

A polarizing beam splitter （PBS） and a non-polarizing beam splitter （NPBS） based on a photonic crystal （PC） directional coupler are demonstrated. The photonic crystal directional coupler consists of a hexagonal lattice of dielectric pillars in air and has a complete photonic band gap. The photonic band structure and the band gap map are calculated using the plane wave expansion （PWE） method. The splitting properties of the splitter are investigated numerically using the finite difference time domain （FDTD） method.     

电子密度对等离子体光子晶体禁带特性的影响

从Maxwell方程出发,采用类似于量子力学Kronig-Penney模型求解周期势的方法,结合双水电极介质阻挡放电的实验结果,研究了电子密度ne对一维等离子体光子晶体禁带特性的影响。研究发现:电子密度对等离子体光子晶体光子禁带的位置和宽度均有重要的影响;等离子体光子晶体的禁带宽度随电子密度的增加而增大,增长速率为电子密度的函数;等离子体光子晶体的截止频率、光子禁带边缘频率随电子密度的增大而增大。给出了当等离子体光子晶体具有显著禁带宽度时的电子密度的理论临界值。