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1.
Biodiesel (BD) is a fuel produced by the (trans)esterification reaction between the components of vegetable oil (or animal fat) and an alcohol. The presence of several substrates complicates analytical separation of the mixture, yet understanding of the complex reaction kinetics requires acquisition of a large body of data. The two well-established methods of gas chromatography (GC) and HPLC are time consuming and expensive when analyzing multiple samples. Additionally, it is not always possible to record all the reactants on one elution profile. We examined applicability of thin layer chromatography (TLC) for this purpose, where the detection was based on either flame ionization detector (FID) or a modified staining procedure. The suggested staining method gave no background and appeared well suited for quantitative analysis. The relevant calibrations are presented, and the general principles of analysis of nonlinear responses are discussed. Several experimental samples were produced by enzymatic conversion of rapeseed oil to BD. One reaction step resulted in 85-95% conversion (6h). The second step (after removal of glycerol and water) increased the yield to 97-98%. All components of the mixtures were separated and quantified. Relation of the BD contents measured by TLC and GC gave the values of 1.03±0.07 (TLC-staining) and 0.95±0.04 (TLC-FID), indicating applicability of the TLC-methods.  相似文献   

2.
左宜赞     张强     安欣     韩明汉     王铁锋     王金福     金涌 《燃料化学学报》2010,38(1):102-107
采用共沉淀法,制备了纤维状CD501甲醇合成催化剂,采用SEM、TEM、XRD和BET等手段对催化剂进行了表征;并将其进一步和γ-Al2O3进行混合,获得了Cu/ZnO/Al2O3/ZrO2+γ-Al2O3双功能催化剂,考察了其在浆态床中一步法合成二甲醚过程的催化特性。结果表明,相比商业催化剂(COM)和LP201催化剂,新型的CD501催化剂具有更大的比表面积和Cu/Zn分散性。对于浆态床中一步法合成二甲醚过程,采用CD501与γ-Al2O3双功能催化剂,相比采用COM或LP201与γ-Al2O3双功能催化剂,CO转化率提高了一倍,且经过270h测试,CO转化率从61%降至57%,二甲醚时空产率从0.54g/(g·h)降至0.48g/(g·h),稳定性显著优于COM催化剂。当反应温度为250℃,压力为4.0MPa,空速为3000mL/(g·h),氢碳比为1.0时,该催化剂应用在浆态床一步法合成二甲醚时,CO转化率为61%,DME时空产率达到0.54g/(g·h)。  相似文献   

3.
过渡金属L—丙氨酸夫碱配合物的合成及其抗O^—2性能   总被引:21,自引:2,他引:21  
合成了L-丙氨酸缩邻香草席夫碱及其过渡金属Cu(Ⅱ),Co(Ⅱ),Ni(Ⅱ),Zn(Ⅱ),Cd(Ⅱ)和Fe(Ⅱ)等的配合物,通过元素分析,摩尔电导,红外光谱,电子光谱,热分析及顺磁共振波谱等手段对它们进行了表征,并探讨了它们对O^-2的清除作用。  相似文献   

4.
Zusammenfassung Als Teil einer umfangreichen Untersuchung über Verflüchtigung und Gas-Chromatographie als Trennmethode für Spurenelemente wurde in der vorliegenden Untersuchung der Nachweis von verflüchtigten Elementen mit AAS durchgeführt. Aus Al wurden Zn und Cd sowie aus Au die Elemente Re, Ir und Os verflüchtigt. Die Elemente bzw. Verbindungen wurden in Graphitrohrküvetten kondensiert und die Verteilung als Funktion von Temperatur und Durchsatz gemessen. Der Nachweis von Zn und Cd erfolgt durch Messung in einem flammenlosen AAS-Gerät mit und ohne Wasserstoffreduktion.Wir möchten uns bedanken für die am Reaktor Triga in Mainz, am Reaktor FR 2 in Karlsruhe und am Protonensynchrotron in Genf ausgeführten Bestrahlungen. Der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft sind wir für die finanzielle Unterstützung zu Dank verpflichtet.  相似文献   

5.
韩铖乐  曹明敏  杨芳  陈玉焕 《化学通报》2023,86(8):929-936,928
乙烯,作为石油化工行业的龙头原料,其高效回收分离具有重要的战略意义。离子液体作为一种结构可调控的新型绿色溶剂,在乙烯的回收分离中展现出巨大的应用前景。本文总结了近年来离子液体在乙烯/乙烷和乙烯/乙炔分离方面的研究进展,从溶剂吸收、膜吸收和与多孔材料相结合的吸附分离法等角度展开,系统地阐述了常规离子液体、功能化离子液体、聚离子液体等纯组分体系及多组分体系在不同分离方法中的研究现状,展望了离子液体在乙烯回收分离方面的应用前景和发展趋势。  相似文献   

6.
Zusammenfassung Hydroxyphenylalkylamine werden bei alkalischer Reaktion mit NBD-Chlorid (7-Chlor-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazol) derivatisiert und die entstandenen Produkte dünnschicht-chromatographisch aufgetrennt. Rf-Werte für drei Laufmittel sind angegeben. Die Identifizierung der Reaktionsprodukte wird mittels spektroskopischer Methoden (NMR, UV und Fluorescenz) durchgeführt und in Tabellenform angegeben.
Detection of hydroxyphenylalkylamines using 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazol. Identification of the reaction products
Summary Hydroxyphenylalkylamines are derivatised using NBD-chloride (7-chloro-4-nitro-benzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazol) in alkaline medium. The derivatives are separated by TLC, and Rf-values in three eluents are given. Identification of the reaction products has been carried out by NMR spectroscopy as well as UV-spectroscopy and fluorimetry. Tables are given.
Dem Verein Österreichischer Chemiker sei an dieser Stelle für seine großzügige Unterstützung im Rahmen des Karl-Schröder-Forschungsförderungsfonds herzlichst gedankt.  相似文献   

7.
Callicarpalongissima has been used as a Yao folk medicine to treat arthritis for years in China, although its active anti-arthritic moieties have not been clarified so far. In this study, two natural phenolic diterpenoids with anti-rheumatoid arthritis (RA) effects, rosmanol and carnosol, isolated from the medicinal plant were reported on for the first time. In type II collagen-induced arthritis DBA/1 mice, both rosmanol (40 mg/kg/d) and carnosol (40 mg/kg/d) alone alleviated the RA symptoms, such as swelling, redness, and synovitis; decreased the arthritis index score; and downregulated the serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Additionally, they blocked the activation of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Of particular interest was that when they were used in combination (20 mg/kg/d each), the anti-RA effect and inhibitory activity on the TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK pathway were significantly enhanced. The results demonstrated that rosmanol and carnosol synergistically alleviated RA by inhibiting inflammation through regulating the TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK pathway, meaning they have the potential to be developed into novel, safe natural combinations for the treatment of RA.  相似文献   

8.
Different very simple single-use alcohol enzyme sensors were developed using alcohol oxidase (AOX) from three different yeast, Hansenula sp., Pichia pastoris and Candida boidinii, and employing three different commercial mediator-based Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes as transducers. The mediators tested, Prussian Blue, Ferrocyanide and Co-phthalocyanine were included into the ink of the working electrode. The procedure to obtain these sensors consists of the immobilization of the enzyme on the electrode surface by adsorption. For the immobilization, an AOX solution is deposited on the working electrode and left until dried (1 h) at room temperature. The best results were obtained with the biosensor using Screen-Printed Co-phthalocyanine/Carbon Electrode and AOX from Hansenula sp. The reduced cobalt–phthalocyanine form is amperometrically detected at +0.4 V (vs. Ag pseudo reference electrode). This sensor shows good sensitivity (1211 nA mM−1), high precision (2.1% RSD value for the slope value of the calibration plot) and wide linear response (0.05–1.00 mM) for ethanol determination. The sensor provides also accurate results for ethanol quantification in alcoholic drinks.  相似文献   

9.
以Cu(acac)2为金属有机铜前体,层状MgO为载体,采用金属有机化学气相沉积方法(MOCVD)制备了Cu/MgO催化剂,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和N2物理吸附等方法对Cu/MgO催化剂结构进行表征。结果表明,有机铜前体沉积在了MgO上,并且在沉积后,载体MgO的晶体结构仍然保留完整。利用生物质平台分子γ-戊内酯加氢反应来评价Cu/MgO催化剂的催化性能。研究表明,在473 K和10 MPa反应条件下,18% Cu/MgO催化剂表现出优异的催化活性(90.5%)和1,4-戊二醇选择性(94.4%),且催化剂循环三次,催化活性没有显著降低。  相似文献   

10.
Zusammenfassung Die Kopplung von Dünnschicht-Hochspannungsionophorese mit coulometrischer Titration bzw. Remissionsspektrophotometrie ermöglicht die Ermittlung der Zusammensetzung von Polythionatgemischen. Der Zeitbedarf beträgt für den Trennvorgang 30 min und für die coulometrische Bestimmung einer Zone ca. 15 min. Das erforderliche Probevolumen liegt im l-Bereich.Die Untersuchungen wurden im Rahmen des SFB 52 Analytik durchgeführt.  相似文献   

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