紫杉二烯生物合成模块与不同底盘的适配

以酿酒酵母BY4742及其单敲菌株作为底盘细胞, 优化底盘细胞甲羟戊酸途径, 上调并融合表达牻牛儿基牻牛儿基焦磷酸(GGPP)合成的相关基因, 引入人工合成的外源GGPP合成酶基因与紫杉二烯合成酶基因, 构建了多载体紫杉二烯生物合成模块; 还利用酵母组装技术, 通过对紫杉二烯合成路径相关基因进行模块化设计组装, 构建了依托单一着丝粒(CEN)质粒的紫杉二烯生物合成模块. 将构建的2个模块与不同底盘细胞进行适配, 使紫杉二烯产量获得了数倍提升, 最高产量可达74.84 mg/L.     

紫杉二烯生物合成模块与不同底盘的适配简

以酿酒酵母BY4742及其单敲菌株作为底盘细胞,优化底盘细胞甲羟戊酸途径,上调并融合表达牻牛儿基牻牛儿基焦磷酸(GGPP)合成的相关基因,引入人工合成的外源GGPP合成酶基因与紫杉二烯合成酶基因,构建了多载体紫杉二烯生物合成模块;还利用酵母组装技术,通过对紫杉二烯合成路径相关基因进行模块化设计组装,构建了依托单一着丝粒(CEN)质粒的紫杉二烯生物合成模块. 将构建的2个模块与不同底盘细胞进行适配,使紫杉二烯产量获得了数倍提升,最高产量可达74.84 mg/L.     

单链抗体PS-9的基因克隆、表达和免疫特性鉴定

成功地构建了鼠抗人胰腺癌单克隆抗体PS-9的单链抗体可变区基因(V_H-linker-V_L),并将该基因克隆到噬菌体表达载体pCANTAB5的外壳蛋白g3p基因中,使单链抗体以融合蛋白的形式表达在噬菌体的表面。免疫学鉴定结果表明,这种噬菌体抗体仍保留着亲代抗体的免疫特性,能与人粘液细胞癌LS-174-T细胞表面抗原特异结合。这项研究结果有助于鼠源性单克隆抗体的临床应用以及肿瘤导向诊断和治疗。     

带有人Ⅸ因子cDNA的反转录病毒载体的构建及其在血友病B患者皮肤成纤维细胞中的高效转移和表达

本文报道对血友病B实施基因治疗的可能性,首先将由SV40早期启动子,小鼠MT-1启动子和反转录病毒LTR启动子控制的Ⅸ因子cDNA构建到反转录病毒载体,然后用电穿孔法将构建的4个反转录病毒载体分别转入一株Amphotropic辅助细胞,PA317细胞,再用一株人纤维肉瘤细胞,HT1080细胞,测定这些辅助细胞的产病毒滴度,可得到2×10~4CFU/ml到5×10~5CFU/ml左右的病毒感染颗粒,用ELISA分别测定转有不同病毒载体的PA317细胞的Ⅸ因子蛋白产量,发现LTR启动子的表达效率最高,Ⅸ因子蛋白的分泌速率可达584ng/10~6细胞/24h,而SV40早期启动子和MT-1启动子的表达效率分别只有它的1/10和1/20,将表达效率最高的反转录病毒载体pXL—Ⅸ 1转入一株取自血友病B患者原代培养的皮肤成纤维细胞后同样能产生较高浓度的Ⅸ因子蛋白,其分泌速率可达549ng/10~6细胞/24h,其中75％以上的Ⅸ因子具有凝血活性,从而达到了首先在体外培养细胞纠正Ⅸ因子基因缺陷的目的,实现了血友病B基因治疗的第一步。     

小鼠B7-H3-Fc融合蛋白的表达及其生物学活性的研究

目的:制备B7-H3-Fc融合蛋白,研究其对T细胞的共刺激作用.方法:首先采用PCR技术分别从pMD19-T/小鼠B7-H3和pMD19-T/hIgG1(Fc)重组载体中扩增出小鼠B7-H3胞外段基因和人IgG1重链Fc恒定区基因.通过重叠PER技术将2段基因连接成B7-H3-Fc,经EcoR I和Bgl Ⅱ双酶切后插入真核表达载体plRES2-EGFP构建成pIRES2-EG-FWB7-H3-Fc重组载体.脂质体法转染CHO细胞,经G418加压筛选能稳定分泌表达小鼠B7-H3-Fc融合蛋白的基因转染细胞,并经Western blot鉴定.该转基因细胞无血清培养后,收集细胞上清、超滤浓缩后行经Protein G柱纯化,获得纯品B7-H3-Fc融合蛋白.通过CCK-8以及ELISA方法检测小鼠B7-H3-Fc融合蛋白对T细胞体外增殖及细胞因子分泌的影响.结果:成功地构建了能稳定表达B7-H3-Fc融合蛋白基因的CHO转基因细胞株,该融合蛋白能够剂量依赖性地促进T细胞体外增殖及IL-2和IFN-γ等细胞因子分泌.结论:本研究提示B7-H3作为重要的共刺激分子,在调节T细胞免疫应答中发挥了正性共刺激作用.     

家蚕和苜蓿银纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒P10基因的研究

从AcMNPV基因组DNA中克隆筛选得到含P10基因的EcoR I-P片段,以此作为探针克隆得到BmNPV P10基因片段,测定了其全核苷酸序列。PCR点突变BmNPV P10基因启始密码子ATG区,ATG突变的同时形成一个Bgl Ⅱ酶切位点,突变后的启动子及其5′端作为5′端交换臂和AcMNPV的P10基因3′端作为3′端交换臂构建成一个非融合通用转移载体pBmAcPV1.该载体可以在Sf细胞中和野生型AcMNPV DNA共转染重组表达外源基因,也可以在Bm细胞中和野生型BmNPV DNA重组表达外源基因。CAT基因在BmNPV P10 ATG突变后的启动子的控制下在家蚕细胞中得到高效表达     

水稻种子贮存蛋白Prolamin 4a基因的组织特异性表达调控

本文分离了水稻中花8号种子贮存蛋白Prolamin基因的5′端调控区域,对其DNA的全序列结构作了分析,表现启动子DNA的典型序列结构。构建了GUS融合基因,利用农杆菌LBA4404双元载体系统转化烟草,分子杂交获得转基因烟草植株,在转基因烟草开花20天时,对烟草种子作GUS基因表达的组织化学分析。实验结果表明Prolamin基因的启动子在种子的胚乳中激活下游GUS基因的表达,这是水稻Prolamin基因5′端调控序列功能的首次报道。     

肿瘤抑制因子WT1对人的诱导型一氧化氮合成酶基因的转录调节作用

将人的诱导型一氧化氮合成酶(hiNOS)启动子构建在带荧光素酶基因的载体pGL3-basic上, 构建成用荧光素酶为系统的启动子, 以研究载体p8.3iNOS. 结果显示, 肾母细胞肿瘤抑制因子(WT1)能够有效地抑制hiNOS启动子的转录; 且WT1的4个选择性剪接本的抑制效果有所不同, 其中WT1(-/-)在两种肝癌细胞(HepG2和Hep3B)中对hiNOS的表达均具有最强的抑制作用, 并且抑制效果具有剂量依赖性, 用Western blot检测结果进一步证实HepG2细胞中WT1(-/-)过量表达能下调hiNOS表达. 以上结果说明WT1在肝癌细胞中对人的hiNOS具有转录调节作用.     

基于铁氰化镍的非标记型核酸适配体电化学传感器检测凝血酶

在玻碳电极（GCE）表面首先用增敏作用的多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)夹心于两层电沉积的铁氰化镍（NiHCF）氧化还原电化学探针之间,然后以金纳米粒子为固定核酸适配体的载体,构建了检测凝血酶的非标记型核酸适配体生物传感器。 利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对MWCNTs和NiHCF的形貌进行了表征。 利用电化学阻抗谱对传感器的组装过程进行了监测,用循环伏安法（CV）和差分脉冲伏安法（DPV）对传感器的电化学行为进行了研究。 以铁氰化镍为探针的传感器对凝血酶的检测在1.0 ng/L~1.0 mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.998,检测限为0.2 ng/L(S/N=3)。     

带有人凝血因子Ⅸ cDNA的反转录病毒载体的构建及其在离体细胞中的高效表达

报道了带有人凝血因子IX cDNA的高滴度高表达安全性反转录病毒载体的构建。采用LNL6反转录病毒载体为骨架,构建了由人巨细胞病毒启动子(hCMV)驱动的反转录病毒载体LNCIX,由反转录病毒LTR启动子驱动的反转录病毒载体LIXSN,以及由LTR和CMV启动子共同控制转录的反转录病毒载体LCIXSN,分别用电穿孔方法转导PA317辅助细胞株。LNCIX和LIXSN反转录病毒载体能在离体细胞中表达人IX因子蛋白,而LC'IXSN反转录病毒载体转移到离体细胞中没有检测到人IX因子蛋白。PA317/INCIX细胞的产病毒滴度为8×10~5CFU/ml,该重组病毒感染人纤维肉瘤细胞HT1080及血友病B患者皮肤成纤维细胞(HSF),用ELISA方法分别测定这些细胞的IX因子蛋白产量,LNCIX载体在HT-1080细胞中的人IX因子平均表达量为3.3μg/10~6细胞·d~(-1);在HSF细胞中的平均表达量为2.5μg/10~6细胞·d~(-1),其中80％以上的IX因子具有凝血活性,与过去相比,提高了产病毒滴度,增加了人IX因子的平均表达量,病毒载体骨架的设计更完善,降低了产生野生型病毒的概率,提高了安全性,对于进一步开展血友病B的基因治疗具有重要的意义。     

Molecular Cloning and Bacterial Expression of Germacrene A Synthase cDNA from Crepidiastrum sonchifolium

Crepidiastrum sonchifolium(Bunge),whose activeingredients are sesquiterpenes,triterpene,flavone,andlignanoid,has been used as a folk medicine in Asiancountries because of its digestive,diuretic,and anti-in-flammatory activities[1,2].It is interesting to k…     

Development of Petri Net-Based Dynamic Model for Improved Production of Farnesyl Pyrophosphate by Integrating Mevalonate and Methylerythritol Phosphate Pathways in Yeast

In this case study, we designed a farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) biosynthetic network using hybrid functional Petri net with extension (HFPNe) which is derived from traditional Petri net theory and allows easy modeling with graphical approach of various types of entities in the networks together. Our main objective is to improve the production of FPP in yeast, which is further converted to amorphadiene (AD), a precursor of artemisinin (antimalarial drug). Natively, mevalonate (MEV) pathway is present in yeast. Methyl erythritol phosphate pathways (MEP) are present only in higher plant plastids and eubacteria, but not present in yeast. IPP and DAMP are common isomeric intermediate in these two pathways, which immediately yields FPP. By integrating these two pathways in yeast, we augmented the FPP synthesis approximately two folds higher (431.16 U/pt) than in MEV pathway alone (259.91 U/pt) by using HFPNe technique. Further enhanced FPP levels converted to AD by amorphadiene synthase gene yielding 436.5 U/pt of AD which approximately two folds higher compared to the AD (258.5 U/pt) synthesized by MEV pathway exclusively. Simulation and validation processes performed using these models are reliable with identified biological information and data.     

Modular pathway engineering of diterpenoid synthases and the mevalonic acid pathway for miltiradiene production

Microbial production can be advantageous over the extraction of phytoterpenoids from natural plant sources, but it remains challenging to rationally and rapidly access efficient pathway variants. Previous engineering attempts mainly focused on the mevalonic acid (MVA) or methyl-d-erythritol phosphate (MEP) pathways responsible for the generation of precursors for terpenoids biosynthesis, and potential interactions between diterpenoids synthases were unexplored. Miltiradiene, the product of the stepwise conversion of (E,E,E)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) catalyzed by diterpene synthases SmCPS and SmKSL, has recently been identified as the precursor to tanshionones, a group of abietane-type norditerpenoids rich in the Chinese medicinal herb Salvia miltiorrhiza . Here, we present the modular pathway engineering (MOPE) strategy and its application for rapid assembling synthetic miltiradiene pathways in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae . We predicted and analyzed the molecular interactions between SmCPS and SmKSL, and engineered their active sites into close proximity for enhanced metabolic flux channeling to miltiradiene biosynthesis by constructing protein fusions. We show that the fusion of SmCPS and SmKSL, as well as the fusion of BTS1 (GGPP synthase) and ERG20 (farnesyl diphosphate synthase), led to significantly improved miltiradiene production and reduced byproduct accumulation. The MOPE strategy facilitated a comprehensive evaluation of pathway variants involving multiple genes, and, as a result, our best pathway with the diploid strain YJ2X reached miltiradiene titer of 365 mg/L in a 15-L bioreactor culture. These results suggest that terpenoids synthases and the precursor supplying enzymes should be engineered systematically to enable an efficient microbial production of phytoterpenoids.     

Site-saturated mutagenesis of histidine 234 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase demonstrates dual functions in cyclization and rearrangement reactions

Site-saturated mutagenesis experiments were carried out on the His234 residue of Saccharomyces cerevisiae oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase (ERG7) to characterize its functional role in ERG7 activity and to determine its effect on the oxidosqualene cyclization/rearrangement reaction. Two novel intermediates, (13alphaH)-isomalabarica-14(26),17E,21-trien-3beta-ol and protosta-20,24-dien-3beta-ol, isolated from ERG7(H234X) mutants, provided direct mechanistic evidence for formation of the chair-boat 6-6-5 tricyclic Markovnikov cation and protosteryl cation that were assigned provisionally to the ERG7-catalyzed biosynthetic pathway. In addition, we obtained mutants that showed a complete change in product specificity from lanosterol formation to either protosta-12,24-dien-3beta-ol or parkeol production. Finally, the repeated observation of multiple abortive and/or alternative cyclization/arrangement products from various ERG7(H234X) mutants demonstrated the catalytic plasticity of the enzyme. Specifically, subtle changes in the active site affect both the stability of the cation-pi interaction and generate product diversity.     

Controlled dimerization of artificial membrane receptors for transmembrane signal transduction

In biology, membrane-spanning proteins are responsible for the transmission of chemical signals across membranes, including the signal recognition-mediated conformational change of transmembrane receptors at the cell surface, and a trigger of an intracellular phosphorylation cascade. The ability to reproduce such biological processes in artificial systems has potential applications in smart sensing, drug delivery, and synthetic biology. Here, an artificial transmembrane receptors signaling system was designed and constructed based on modular DNA scaffolds. The artificial transmembrane receptors in this system are composed of three functional modules: signal recognition, lipophilic transmembrane linker, and signal output modules. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) served as an external signal input to trigger the dimerization of two artificial receptors on membranes through a proximity effect. This effect induced the formation of a G-quadruplex, which served as a peroxidase-like enzyme to facilitate a signal output measured by either fluorescence or absorbance in the lipid bilayer vesicles. The broader utility of this modular method was further demonstrated using a lysozyme-binding aptamer instead of an ATP-binding aptamer. Therefore, this work provides a modular and generalizable method for the design of artificial transmembrane receptors. The flexibility of this synthetic methodology will allow researchers to incorporate different functional modules while retaining the same molecular framework for signal transduction.

An artificial transmbrane signal transducer was developed through the chemical input-mediated dimerization of artificial DNA transmembrane receptors and the subsequent activation of a cascade of events inside the vesicles.     

Light-driven hydrogen production by a hybrid complex of a [NiFe]-hydrogenase and the cyanobacterial photosystem I

In order to generate renewable and clean fuels, increasing efforts are focused on the exploitation of photosynthetic microorganisms for the production of molecular hydrogen from water and light. In this study we engineered a 'hard-wired' protein complex consisting of a hydrogenase and photosystem I (hydrogenase-PSI complex) as a direct light-to-hydrogen conversion system. The key component was an artificial fusion protein composed of the membrane-bound [NiFe] hydrogenase from the beta-proteobacterium Ralstonia eutropha H16 and the peripheral PSI subunit PsaE of the cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus. The resulting hydrogenase-PsaE fusion protein associated with PsaE-free PSI spontaneously, thereby forming a hydrogenase-PSI complex as confirmed by sucrose-gradient ultracentrifuge and immunoblot analysis. The hydrogenase-PSI complex displayed light-driven hydrogen production at a rate of 0.58 mumol H(2).mg chlorophyll(-1).h(-1). The complex maintained its accessibility to the native electron acceptor ferredoxin. This study provides the first example of a light-driven enzymatic reaction by an artificial complex between a redox enzyme and photosystem I and represents an important step on the way to design a photosynthetic organism that efficiently converts solar energy and water into hydrogen.     

Constitutive Expression of a rhIL-2-HSA Fusion Protein in Pichia pastoris Using Glucose as Carbon Source

A constitutive expression vector for rhIL-2-HSA fusion protein production in yeast Pichia pastoris was constructed. The coding gene was placed in frame with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-factor secretion signal sequence under the control of the GAP promoter. The recombinant plasmid pGAPZαA-rhIL-2-HSA was integrated into the genome of the P. pastoris GS115. The effect of different carbon sources on rhIL-2-HSA fusion protein expression was evaluated in shaking flask cultures. We found that recombinant P. pastoris grew well and efficiently secreted rhIL-2-HSA fusion protein into the medium when using glucose as carbon source. To achieve higher production, the influence of initial pH and culture temperature was also evaluated. Fed-batch fermentation strategy using glucose as carbon source for constitutive expression of rhIL-2-HSA fusion protein was investigated in 5-L bioreactor and the expression level of rhIL-2-HSA could reach about 250 mg/L after 60-h fermentation. The rhIL-2-HSA fusion protein produced by this constitutive expression system was purified and exhibited a specific bioactivity of 1.040?×?10⁶ IU/mg in vitro. This study described constitutive expression of rhIL-2-HSA fusion protein by P. pastoris and development of a simple high-cell density fermentation strategy for biologically active rhIL-2-HSA fusion protein using glucose as sole carbon source.