共振拉曼光谱在体测量类胡萝卜素含量

类胡萝卜素是人体内重要的抗氧化剂,能够消除体内的自由基和其它有害氧分。研究表明类胡萝卜素含量与癌症、心血管疾病、老化等疾病发病率呈反比关系。目前检测方法为采用血清液相色谱检测方法,不能做到在体无损伤、实时测量。文章介绍了一种用于测量类胡萝卜素的新技术——共振拉曼光谱技术,具有在体无损伤、灵敏度高和实时检测等特点。该技术利用强度远小于美国ANSI Z136.1-2000标准的473 nm激光激发拇指中类胡萝卜素,产生强荧光和叠加在其上的弱共振拉曼光,通过测量拉曼散射光强度在体评估类胡萝卜素的含量。同时,利用组织通透技术,改善了测量信噪比。测量了不同饮食习惯志愿者的类胡萝卜素含量,说明其含量与其摄入量成正比。该技术在临床应用和科学研究等领域具有重要意义。     

类胡萝卜素的分子光谱研究

类胡萝卜素是含有9个CC共轭双键的短链多烯类生物分子. 特殊的分子结构, 使其不仅在光采集, 光防护, 防癌, 抗癌等生物学领域有重要应用, 而且在分子导线, 光开关, 滤光器等光电器件研制中也有重要的非生物学应用. 本文对它的分子光谱进行研究和总结, 结果表明, 类胡萝卜素具有宽带荧光, 将其用于荧光增强受激拉曼散射可以获得宽带受激拉曼散射; 电子能隙随温度降低而收缩, 电子吸收光谱红移, 这特性使它能研制优质半导体元件; 极大的拉曼活性和三阶非线性系数, CC键基频拉曼散射截面可以比普通分子大10个数量级, 和频、倍频拉曼散射强度也很高, 低温下与基频强度比可达0.5. 类胡萝卜素分子的这些光谱特性对多烯类分子结构、性能研究及其在非生物学中的应用有重要参数价值.     

Resonant Raman detection of macular pigment levels in the living human retina

We have used resonant Raman scattering as a novel, noninvasive in vivo optical technique to measure the concentration of macular carotenoid pigments in the living human retina. Using a backscattering geometry and resonant molecular excitation in the visible, we measure the Raman peaks that originate from the single- and double-bond stretch vibrations of the p -conjugated molecule's carbon backbone. The Raman signals scale linearly with carotenoid content, whereas the required laser excitation is well under safety limits for macular exposure. The Raman technique is objective and quantitative and may lead to a new method for rapid screening of carotenoid pigment levels in large human populations that are at risk for vision loss from age-related macular degeneration, the leading cause of blindness of the elderly in the United States.     

拉曼-荧光联合光谱水下原位探测技术研究

深海热液环境中存在着巨大的化学和热梯度,快速剧烈的混合和生物过程产生了多种多样的矿物过程,并培养了大量的化学合成微生物。激光拉曼光谱非常适合于深海热液环境矿物过程的探测,然而要对矿物与微生物作用过程进行研究,还需要与荧光光谱技术进行联合,针对此需求开展了原理验证实验研究。在实验室搭建了一套拉曼-荧光联合光谱探测桌面系统,利用一台双波长激光器同时作为拉曼光谱和荧光光谱的激发光源,其中拉曼光谱采用532 nm波长,荧光光谱采用266 nm波长,双波长激光器发出的光束经分光镜分为两路,经过后向散射光路收集的两路信号分别进入两个小型光纤光谱仪进行分光探测,拉曼光谱采用QE65000光谱仪,荧光光谱采用USB2000光谱仪,通过软件可以方便的分别设置两个光谱仪的参数。利用搭建的实验系统对海水和拟菱形藻样品进行探测,分别获得了海水样品的SO2-₄拉曼光谱和可溶性有机物(CDOM)荧光光谱,拟菱形藻样品的类胡萝卜素拉曼光谱和类蛋白、叶绿素等荧光光谱,实验结果证明了研制小型拉曼-荧光联合光谱探测装置的可行性,并为发展原位联合光谱探测装置提供了技术参考。     

Photobleaching as a method of increasing the accuracy in measuring carotenoid concentration in human skin by Raman spectroscopy

It was shown experimentally that the effect of photobleaching in noninvasive measurement of the Raman spectra of light used in determining the carotenoid concentration in human skin can be used to increase measurement accuracy. Increased accuracy occurs as a consequence of a decrease in the measurable Raman spectra of the wideband fluorescent background intensity when a sample is irradiated by laser radiation. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that, for the spectra of skin from nine volunteers, the fluorescent background intensity can be decreased on average by a factor of 1.4, which leads to an increase in the signal-to-noise ratio for Raman lines of skin carotenoids by a factor of 1.2 on average. The kinetics of photobleaching of humans can be described by biexponential decay with a correlation coefficient close to unity, which agrees with the presented theoretical calculations.     

Raman spectroscopy as a potential method for the detection of extremely halophilic archaea embedded in halite in terrestrial and possibly extraterrestrial samples

Evidence for the widespread occurrence of extraterrestrial halite, particularly on Mars, has led to speculations on the possibility of halophilic microbial forms of life; these ideas have been strengthened by reports of viable haloarchaea from sediments of geological age (millions of years). Raman spectroscopy, being a sensitive detection method for future astrobiological investigations onsite, has been used in the current study for the detection of nine different extremely halophilic archaeal strains which had been embedded in laboratory‐made halite crystals in order to simulate evaporitic conditions. The cells accumulated preferentially in tiny fluid inclusions, in simulation of the precipitation of salt in natural brines. FT‐Raman spectroscopy using laser excitation at 1064 nm and dispersive micro Raman spectroscopy at 514.5 nm were applied. The spectra showed prominent peaks at 1507, 1152 and 1002 cm⁻¹ which are attributed to haloarchaeal C₅₀ carotenoid compounds (mainly bacterioruberins). Their intensity varied from strain to strain at 1064‐nm laser excitation. Other distinguishable features were peaks due to peptide bonds (amide I, amide III) and to nucleic acids. No evidence for fatty acids was detected, consistent with their general absence in all archaea. These results contribute to a growing database on Raman spectra of terrestrial microorganisms from hypersaline environments and highlight the influence of the different macromolecular composition of diverse strains on these spectra. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Inverse Raman spectra of SBN40+Pr3+

Inverse Raman spectra of rare-earth ion doped SBN40 [Ba_0.4Sr_0.6Nb₂O₆:Pr³⁺(1.0 weight%)] are obtained over a range 0 to 950 cm^?1 using an Ar ion laser and a pulse-dye laser with 0.2 micros pulsewidth. The spectra are in agreement with the results obtained by the normal Raman scattering. It is found that a single-shot IRS is possible to obtain the Raman spectrum within laser exposuring time, if it is a sharp one.     

A Semiconductor Laser of the Visible Range as an Exciting Source of Raman Scattering

A possibility of application of semiconductor lasers of the visible range as exciting sources for Raman spectroscopy is studied. An experimental set-up for measuring Raman spectra of polycrystalline dielectrics and broad-gap semiconductors excited by a semiconductor laser with a wavelength of 640 nm was created. The conditions under which the spectral width of the lasing line of a semiconductor laser was within 10^-3 cm^-1 in the continuous mode with a power of 10 mW are realized. The characteristics of various types of exciting sources used in Raman spectroscopy are compared. The results of studies of the characteristic Raman spectra excited with a semiconductor laser in polycrystalline sulfur are presented.     

我国主要育珠贝(蚌)贝壳珍珠层及珍珠的激光拉曼光谱研究

本文对我国四种主要育珠贝(蚌)贝壳珍珠层拉曼光谱进行了系统研究,结果表明1)大珠母贝贝壳珍珠层中未观察到有机质的任何拉曼峰;2)三角帆蚌及马氏珍珠贝贝壳珍珠层及其养殖珍珠的拉曼光谱中除由文石矿物引起的拉曼峰外,还可观察到明显的由全反式结构的类胡罗卜素引起的拉曼峰,根据其峰位推断分子中的CC双键的数目为10;3)企鹅珍珠贝贝壳珍珠层的拉曼光谱中可观察到较复杂的有机质的拉曼峰,推测可能是由金属卟啉化合物引起的,但尚需进一步工作证实;4)珍珠层中类胡罗卜素及金属卟啉类化合物的相对浓度与珍珠层的颜色密切相关.贝壳珍珠层中有机质的拉曼光谱研究可为珍珠漂白及在食品、化妆品等领域的应用提供科学的依据.     

我国主要育珠贝（蚌）贝壳珍珠层及珍珠的激光拉曼光谱研究

本文对我国四种主要育珠贝（蚌）贝壳珍珠层拉曼光谱进行了系统研究,结果表明：1）大珠母贝贝壳珍珠层中未观察到有机质的任何拉曼峰;2）三角帆蚌及马氏珍珠贝贝珍珠贝贝珍珠层及其差殖珍珠的拉曼光谱中除由文石矿物引起的拉曼峰外,还可观察到明显的由全反式结构的类胡萝卜素引起的拉曼峰,根据其峰位推断分子中的C＝C双键的数目为10;3）企鹅珍珠贝贝壳珍珠层的拉曼光变中可观察到较复杂的有机质的拉曼峰,推测可能是由金属卟啉化合物引起的,但尚需进一步工作证实;4）珍珠层中类胡罗卡素及金属卟啉类化合物的相对浓度与珍珠层的颜色密切相关。贝壳珍珠层中有机质的拉曼光谱研究可为珍珠漂白及在食品、化妆品等领域的应用提供科学的依据。     

光纤共振和预共振喇曼光谱

在液芯光纤内产生共振和预共振喇曼效应,喇曼光谱强度可以大幅度提高,最高可达10⁹倍.本文介绍获得光纤(预)共振喇曼光谱的可行性、实验及实验结果.用远离吸收带的激光激发获得了α甲基吡啶预共振喇曼光谱.用小功率激光(0.8mW)、低浓度溶液(9.6×10¹²mol/L)还获得了β叶红素在CS₂中的共振喇曼光谱.     

FTIR和Raman用于盐酸曲马多的结构分析

采用AVATAR 360型傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和RM-1000型激光共聚焦拉曼光谱仪测定盐酸曲马多的红外光谱和拉曼光谱。拉曼光谱和红外光谱中均显示出了盐酸曲马多的特征峰,都能够用于其结构鉴别。采用红外、拉曼光谱这两种方法互相印证,互相补充,可增强鉴定的准确性、可靠性。     

铁电纳米材料BaTiO_3的激光拉曼光谱分析

铁电纳米材料BaTiO_3具有尺寸均匀,形貌统一的单晶纳米立方体结构。以LRS-Ⅲ型激光拉曼/荧光光谱仪为测量仪器研究其在固体纳米材料BaTiO_3分析中的应用。用碱热法制作得到4种无掺杂铁电纳米材料BaTiO_3,分别标记为纯1、纯2、纯3、纯4,将四种固体纳米材料作为标样待测;另取两个不同浓度Eu(铕)元素掺杂的材料分别标记为掺杂1、掺杂2待测。本实验中,不仅对比分析了不同烧结温度和时间下的固体纳米材料BaTiO_3激光拉曼光谱,并做出了相应的解释说明。与此同时,对掺杂BaTiO_3的也做了拉曼光谱对比分析,研究掺杂对固体材料拉曼谱线的影响。研究结果表明,含有相同成分的固体材料其拉曼谱线相似,且不同掺杂引起拉曼谱线的变化不同。最后用相关系数对掺杂材料和无掺杂材料做了进一步分析。从总体来看类内相关系数较高而类间相关系数较低,但即便掺杂的量比较少,对相关系数也有明显的影响。结合相关系数可以明确地判断出两种物质是否同类,如果已知某一种没有掺杂,那么,就可以很容易地判断出另一种材料中是否有掺杂。     

分选特殊产物微生物的喇曼光谱法

以微生物油脂和类胡萝卜素为目标产物,通过对比目标产物与普通酵母的喇曼光谱,选择喇曼光谱的1 440 cm－1谱带与1 602 cm－1谱带的信号强度比值I1440/I1602作为油脂的特征标记,选择I1157/I1654或者I1520/I1654作为类胡萝卜素的标记,采用780 nm的激光俘获、收集酵母细胞的喇曼光谱,编写VB计算机程序,实时在线识别,通过光镊的操控,筛选产类胡萝卜素酵母和油脂酵母.经细胞培养和喇曼光谱检测验证了筛选结果.为筛选有经济价值的微生物提供了一种简单快捷的创新方法.     

稀土化合物Raman谱中荧光带的辨认

研究了三价稀土氧化物及退火结晶褐钇铌矿和褐铈铌矿在４８８０和５１４５ｎｍ激光激发下所得Ｒａｍａｎ光谱中的荧光带。结果表明,在这两种激光线激发下,Ｓｍ３＋、Ｅｕ３＋和Ｅｒ３＋的荧光对稀土化合物的Ｒａｍａｎ光谱有很大干扰。提出几种在稀土化合物Ｒａｍａｎ光谱中辨认荧光带的方法。     

Structure correlation of silylated dicarboxylic acid monomer and its respective oligomeric polyamide-imide using experimental and theoretical vibrational spectra

Correlation between theoretical and experimental (infrared and Raman spectroscopies) vibrational spectra of two compounds, both with a silyl group present in their main chain and with an optically active structure (L-valine) as side group, was performed. These compounds are based in a chiral dicarboxylic acid monomer and its respective polyamide-imide, oligomer that was previously synthesized by a direct polycondensation. Spectra were recorded in the region comprised between 500 and 4000?cm^?1 for infrared and Raman analysis. The Raman spectra were obtained through a 1064?nm laser as excitation source.

Theoretical models were carried out in order to find the optimal molecular geometry of the analyzed systems, with a complete assignment of their vibrational spectra. The Raman experimental data obtained with a Nd:YAG laser for this kind of silylated organic compounds, and the comparison between these results with the theoretical data is a useful advance in the polymer synthesis field, which can be used as reference for subsequent studies.     

拉曼镊子分析红酵母合成类胡萝卜素

利用拉曼镊子对红酵母合成类胡萝卜素进行分析,考查氮源和碳源对类胡萝卜素产量的影响.取发酵终点细胞,一部分用于紫外光谱法测定,另一部分用拉曼镊子检测.原始光谱经过背景扣除、基线校正等方法预处理,定性分析不同培养基培养细胞的平均光谱,类胡萝卜素的拉曼信号强度有明显不同;紫外检测结果和拉曼峰高数据有良好的相关性,拟合参数的相关系数分别达到0.907 8和0.9121;定量分析1508cm1峰高表明适宜红酵母细胞生长和类胡萝卜素合成的氮源和碳源分别是酵母粉+胰蛋百胨、葡萄糖.以上结果说明,拉曼镊子能提供红酵母胞内类胡萝卜索的含量信息,是实时检测红酵母细胞类胡萝卜素合成和优化发酵培养基的有效工具.     

Investigation of inverse Raman scattering using the method of intra-cavity spectroscopy

The detectability of Raman absorption lines is enhanced by inserting the Raman sample into the cavity of a broad-band dye laser where the sample is simultaneously pumped by monochromatic radiation. With this technique we were able to detect Raman samples with good scattering efficiencies in a concention of 10^?3 mole/? or to obtain nearly complete Raman spectra within a time interval of 30 nsec.Exposures in which the dye laser radiation and the strong monochromatic radiation are polarized parallel or perpendicularly to each other are compared with spontaneous Raman spectra which are polarized parallel or perpendicularly.     

Temperature dependence of the raman spectra of carbon nanotubes with 1064 nm excitation

In this report, the near infrared 1064 nm line of an Nd:YAG laser, which has strong thermal effect, was used as the excitation. A temperature dependence of the Raman spectra of carbon nanotubes was observed at different temperatures by varying the incident laser power. The results show that the relative Raman intensities to the tangential stretching mode (G mode) of the higher-order Raman modes within 2500–3500 cm⁻¹ increase with increasing excitation laser power at the sample and the changes in the relative Raman intensities are linear in the excitation laser power. This has not been reported elsewhere. Thorough analysis shows that this is a temperature dependence of double-phonon Raman scattering and maybe provide important information for the studying of CNTs and double-phonon Raman scattering.     

Effects of laser linewidth on coherent antiStokes Raman spectroscopy

Expressions for the generated antiStokes spectral density in coherent antiStokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) are obtained, which take into account the finite linewidths of laser sources and which may be used to analyse observed spectra. Lorentzian and gaussian laser lineshapes are taken as special cases, which enable further analytic results for single and multiline CARS spectra to be derived. Emphasis is placed on scanning and broadband (multiplex) CARS techniques, and the choice of laser sources discussed from the spectral point of view. As examples of multiline spectra an analytical account of a periodic spectrum is presented and temperature measurement from Q-branch spectra is treated.