键合型有机/无机杂化材料加载条形波导电光调制器

相对于普通的有机/无机杂化材料,侧链键合型有机/无机杂化材料能提高生色团的掺杂浓度,避免出现结晶、相分离等现象,同时生色团极化有序性的弛豫因生色团运动受阻而降低,具有较高的热稳定性.本文采用溶胶凝胶法合成了一种性能优良、稳定的侧链键合型有机/无机杂化材料,并将这种材料应用于电光调制器的电光层,利用传统的半导体工艺,采用...     

紫外胶在聚合物准矩形电光波导中的应用

基于聚合物材料的波导型电光器件对提升光通信网络的带宽容量具有重要的意义。设计并制备了一种基于有机/无机杂化非线性材料的准矩形聚合物电光波导,采用SiO2作为下包层,紫外胶SU-8作为引导芯层,掺有生色团DR1的有机/无机杂化非线性材料DR1/SiO2-TiO2作为电光层,通过优化感应耦合等离子体刻蚀工艺的天线功率、偏置功率和氧气流量,将SU-8同时作为引导芯层和刻蚀工艺的掩模,制备了准矩形电光波导。实验测得波导传输损耗为-3.5 dB/cm。     

非线性光学材料

O3437 2004064217 一种新型有机/无机复合非线性光学材料的制备=Synthesis of a new organic/inorganic hybride nonlinear optical material[刊,中]/刘关心(华南理工大学化学工程研究所.广东,广州(510641)),奚红霞…∥光电子·激光.—2004,15(4).—459-462 以含4-[乙基-(2-羟乙基)胺]-4’-硝基偶氮苯(DRI)生色团的烷氧基硅烷染料(DRlASD)和正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为原料,通过溶胶-凝胶法合成了含DR1生色团的新型键合型有机/无机复合非线性光学(NLO)材料,在这种有机生色团与无机玻璃键合形成的交联网络结构中,无机玻璃的刚性三维结构和优良的高温稳定性能有效抑制NLO生色团的极化松弛。二阶谐波信号(SHG)测试表明,合成的键合型聚合物膜的二阶NLO系数(d_(33))值可达3.41×10~(-7)esu:NLO稳定性也较好,在室温下放置90d,其d_(33)值能维持初始值的94.2％;在100℃放置300min,其     

基于KH56O修饰的有机/无机杂化材料电光波导制备

利用溶胶-凝胶法制备了硅烷偶联剂KH560修饰的有机/无机杂化电光材料,分析了KH560的水解缩合的反应机理.对制备好的电光薄膜进行了表面形貌、折射率和电光特性的表征,并用反射法测量得出了该材料的电光系数为3.5pm/V.针对这种材料柔韧的特性,设计了上加载条形电光波导,并利用Opti-BPM软件模拟了二维和三维光场....     

聚合物2×2定向耦合型电光开关

设计并制作了一种聚合物2×2定向耦合型电光开关.针对溶胶-凝胶法合成的有机/无机杂化电光材料膜厚较薄的情况,采用一种加载条形波导结构,利用掺有环氧丙脂的聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油脂作为引导层,在电光薄膜上构成定向耦合器,通过紫外光刻、反应离子刻蚀、电晕极化等工艺,制备了聚合物定向耦合型电光开关,并采用共面波导行波电极以电推挽方式工作.经测试,其器件损耗约为16 dB,开关电压9 V.     

基于KH560修饰的有机/无机杂化材料电光波导制备

利用溶胶-凝胶法制备了硅烷偶联剂KH560修饰的有机/无机杂化电光材料,分析了KH560的水解缩合的反应机理.对制备好的电光薄膜进行了表面形貌、折射率和电光特性的表征,并用反射法测量得出了该材料的电光系数为3.5pm/V.针对这种材料柔韧的特性,设计了上加载条形电光波导,并利用Opti-BPM软件模拟了二维和三维光场.摸索了其制备的加工工艺,制备了该结构的光波导,最后得到了这种波导的近场输出.     

PCL/SiO2杂化纳米相微结构与晶态成核生长特性

应用扫描电子显微镜、广角X射线衍射和差示扫描量热手段研究了有机高分子/无机组分间以物理次价力(氢键)键合的高分子量PCL/SiO2杂化材料纳米相微结构和PCL高分子链在该微结构环境中的结晶成核生长特性及其影响因素.研究结果表明:杂化体系中高分子/无机组分间的微相分离尺度在纳米数量级,高分子微区的平均相畴尺寸在70nm左右,无机相形态呈现不规则的颗粒状.两相均匀分布程度与体系中组分间的氢键键合强度有关.PCL杂化后结晶度减小,对应的微晶尺寸明显改变,平衡熔点随无机组成含量的增加而下降.高分子链在晶核表面折叠形成结晶结构所需的能量增加.这一结果归因于无机非晶SiO2和键合强度的影响.     

聚合物电光调制器的热稳定性研究

聚合物波导器件的稳定性是影响其实用化的一个关键问题。聚合物波导器件的热稳定性是由波导层(聚合物材料)的热稳定性决定的。采用侧链型和交联型聚氨酯材料分别制成波导电光调制器研究波导器件的热稳定性,热稳定性的判断依据是通过对聚合物调制器升温过程中测量器件的电光性能的变化。研究结果显示两种器件在常温时具有相同的电光性能,在器件升温过程中发现交联型聚氨酯调制器比侧链型聚氨酯调制器有优异的热稳定性。     

新型极化聚合物薄膜电光调制器研究

用对硝基偶氮苯类为侧链的键合型聚合物，采用高温电晕极化的方法制作电光薄膜，设计并构造极化聚合物薄膜电光调制器。当通光方向和极化方向平行并且垂直于极化聚合物薄膜的表面时，利用法布里-帕罗（F-P）腔中多光束干涉，可以把通过的光由位相调制转化为强度调制，有利于电光调制器的小型化和高速封装。用这种聚合物薄膜电光调制器测量了锢锡氧化物共面波导上的电信号，并对系统的工作原理进行了分析。实验结果表明，薄膜调制器具有线性电光效应；当F-P腔的精细因子为20（为1.3μm的光），调制电场为1V/μm时，研制的极化聚合物电光调制器的调制深度可达到0.01%。     

非线性光学材料

O4372007010310聚酰亚胺/SiO2杂化材料的硅核磁共振波谱和电光性质的研究=Study of29Si MAS NMR spectroscopy and electro-optic property based on polyi mide/Si O2[刊,中]/邱凤仙(江苏大学化学化工学院.江苏,镇江(212013)),周钰明…//感光科学与光化学.—2006,24(1).—55-60采用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-Gel)法合成了聚酰亚胺/Si O2杂化材料。采用固态29Si MA SNMR谱研究了含氟聚酰亚胺/Si O2杂化材料的交联结构。采用衰减全反射(ATR)测定了聚酰亚胺和杂化材料在832nm处的电光系数,其值分别为32、28、34和29pm/V,结果表明其具有较高的…     

Effect of temperature and atmospheric environment on the photodegradation of some Disperse Red 1-type polymers

The photodegradation of the azobenzene chromophore DR1 {4-[N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-4(?)-nitroazobenzene]} incorporated as a side chain or as a guest in a poly(methyl) methacrylate host has been evaluated as a function of wavelength, temperature, and the atmospheric environment. The effects of these variables on the lifetime of DR1-based electro-optic devices is quantified.     

Low-V(pi) electro-optic modulator with a high-microbeta chromophore and a constant-bias field

A low half-wave voltage V(pi) of 1.57 V was obtained with a 2-cm-long birefringent polymer waveguide modulator at a wavelength of 1.3 microm by use of a modulator design with a constant-bias electric field and a high-microbeta chromophore. The design allows the maximum achievable electro-optic coefficient of the material to be utilized. This electro-optic coefficient can be more than twice as high as the residue value that is used by conventional modulator designs, after fast partial relaxation following poling.     

Electro-optic properties of hybrid solgel doped with a nonlinear chromophore with large hyperpolarizability

We report the electro-optic properties of hybrid silica solgel doped with a nonlinear chromophore with large hyperpolarizability. Electro-optic coefficients of higher than 30 pm/V have been obtained. Moreover, the electro-optic coefficients have good temporal stability and show promise for the development of high-speed electro-optic devices.     

Synthesis and properties control of fluorinated organic-inorganic hybrid films

Fluorinated organic-inorganic hybrid films were prepared by free-radical random copolymerization and sol-gel process through dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate (DFMA), vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES), and tetramethoxysilane (TMOS). It was found that the prepared fluorinated organic-inorganic hybrid film was very hydrophobic and exhibits excellent water repellency. Hydrophobic fluorocarbon side chains were preferentially enriched to the outermost layer at the interface of coating film-air, and three layers probably exist in the coating films. The fluorinated hybrid films possessed fluorocarbon side chains orient toward the air originating from DFMA as the top layer, hydrocarbon backbone chain originating from vinyl polymerization as the middle layer, and silica network originating from the hydrolysis and condensation of siloxane as the bottom layer. It demonstrated that most of TMOS added might be arranged to the bottom layer of the fluorinated hybrid films, and had a slight impact on the enrichment of fluorocarbon side chains of the outermost layer. However, the useful properties of the fluorinated organic-inorganic hybrid films such as thickness and corrosion resistant can be significantly improved by the increase of TMOS content.     

Effect of the processes of orientation of nonlinear optical fragments of a side chain in comb-shaped polymers of the methacrylic series on the second-harmonic generation in thin films

New comblike copolymers of methacrylic acid esters with an optically nonlinear chromophore—a derivative of the 4′-(4-nitrobenzylideneamino)phenol—in a side chain were obtained. Processes of forced orientation of nonlinear optical chromophores covalently bonded with the main chains in an electric field and the effects of the conditions of orientation on the nonlinear second-order optical activity of the polymer films were studied in some detail. The existence of a correlation between the chemical structure and the composition of the copolymers with the magnitude and the stability of the surface electron potential of the corresponding films was shown. It was established that a maximum extent of orientation of chromophores in the bulk of the polymer and, as a consequence, a high intensity of the second-harmonic signal were achieved when the thickness of the region of the uniform electric field maximally approached the thickness of the sample.     

Theoretical design of coupled organic-inorganic systems

Metallo-organic molecules with highly conjugated pi-electrons, like phthalocyanines (Pc's), are widely investigated for usage in electronic and electro-optic devices. However, their weak coupling with semiconductors is an obstacle to technological applications. Here we report a first-principle theoretical study of some fundamental features of the Pc-semiconductor interaction. Our results shed light on the general problem of organic-inorganic coupling and show that an effective coupling can be achieved by a careful choice of the Pc-substrate system and the semiconductor doping. Our results also reveal a universal alignment of the Pc electronic levels to the semiconductor band gap and suggest a general procedure for designing efficiently coupled organic-inorganic systems.     

Abnormal nearly homogeneous radiation by slit-grooves structure

Ultra-short high-intensity light pulses were utilized to induce the optical birefringence in a polyimide material possessing the azo-dye covalently bonded to the main chain. The obtained results showed that a two-photon absorption process was involved in a creation of the sample birefringence which, to the best of our knowledge, was not previously reported for polyimide materials. The growths and decays of birefringence were examined as functions of the pulse intensities. No damage to the material during the illumination process was detected in a wide range of optical powers applied. High birefringence level of the order of 0.005 was measured.     

掺杂型聚合物的电晕极化特性及其机理研究

实验研究了聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂(PMMA)掺杂生色团分散红DR19的电光聚合物的电晕极化特性.结合吸收光谱法和显微镜形貌分析了极化电压、极化温度以及极化时间对极化效果的影响.理论和实验分析得出极化电压增大可以增大聚合物内部极化电场,但电压过大会引起薄膜击穿而降低极化效果;而极化温度升高可以增大分子取向力,但在聚合物玻璃化温度以上会导致相分离;极化时生色团分子的取向随时间增大并逐渐达到动态平衡.实验结果表明:表征极化效果的序参数随极化电压的增大而先增大后减小,随极化温度的升高而先增大后减小,随极化时间的增长先增大后趋于稳定.     

Coupling modulation in photorefractive materials by applying AC electric fields

In general, the application of an electric field to a photorefractive material with optical activity results in a change in the effective electro-optic coefficient, r_eff, which, in turn, alters the coupling between the two beams in a two-wave mixing experiment. When an alternating field is applied, this results in a modulation of both the phase and the coupling of the beams. Equations that have been developed to describe the change in the electro-optic coefficient as function of an applied dc field across an optically active crystal, have been used to demonstrate coupling modulation effects in BSO whilst applying large sinusoidal fields. Methods of overcoming these modulation effects are included.