激光诱导间质热疗中生物组织的温度场研究

激光诱导间质热疗疗效评估的前提是必须获得准确的激光在不同功率、不同照射时间的生物组织温度场分布.利用多物理场直接耦合分析软件COMSOL Multiphysics构建了在组织光学参量不变情况下的三维有限元传热模型.该模型基于Pennes生物传热方程和轴对称高斯形状的激光光束热源方程,参量针对离体猪肝组织,考虑到了生物组...     

光动力治疗中热效应的理论分析与计算

基于Pennes传热方程,从理论上分析了光动力治疗中激光作用所引起的组织温升的变化.结果表明,激光照射在生物组织内形成热源,该热源在一维生物组织空间引起组织的温升一般随时间呈指数形式增大,随激光照射处的距离呈指数减少.激光照射生物组织产生热效应,存在一个最小阈值光剂量,仅当照射的激光剂量大于阈值光剂量时,才能产生热效应.阈值光剂量大小由生物组织的光学参量和热物性参量决定,并随激光照射处的距离呈指数增加     

脉冲激光照射生物组织中非傅里叶导热的研究

生物组织传热在皮肤病的激光热疗中研究意义显著。该过程介质极不均匀,加热时间极短且瞬时热流密度较大,有必要考虑非傅里叶效应.本文针对皮肤组织建立生物传热模型,非傅叶里效应采用基于双曲型导热方程的双相延迟模型描述.激光能量产生的热源项由蒙特卡洛法进行光传播模拟获得,采用三时层有限差分法求解传热方程.研究了激光照射下的生物组织温度场的变化及不同的热弛豫参数的影响作用,发现非傅里叶导热与经典生物传热相比存在本质区别,突出表现为计算温升显著降低且峰值滞后出现.     

生物传热基本方程的研究

本文分析了已有的生物传热基本方程,采用多孔体模型导出了相应的基本方程,在此基础上,分析了生物组织的有效参数与骨架组织和血流参数之间的关系,这为测量在体组织热物性提供了有希望的前景。本文利用所提出的生物传热模型,按Pennes原文采用的数据资料对人臂径向温度分布进行了试算。结果表明,该模型相当适合Pennes原实验测试记录。     

激光应用 激光医学

R318．51 2005010170 光动力学疗法中光热效应的有限元法=FEM analysis of photo-thermal effect in PDT[刊,中]／李小霞(天津大学精密仪器与光电子工程学院．天津(300072)),范世福…∥光电子·激光．-2004,15(7)．-881-884 有限元法(FEM)由Matlab程序实现。生物热传输模型为经典的Pennes方程,加入了血液灌流项．研究了Nd :YAG激光(1 064 nm)平行光束照射下肝脏组织的温度响应,在轴对称柱坐标下三维温度分布简化为径向、轴向     

高频聚焦超声声场和温度场的仿真研究

为探究临床常用的7 MHz高频聚焦超声在多层生物组织中的声传播以及毫秒级时间内的生物传热规律问题,基于Westervelt方程和Pennes传热方程,使用有限元方法建立高频聚焦超声辐照多层组织的非线性热黏性声传播及传热模型。首先分析了线性模型和非线性模型之间的差异,然后在非线性模型下探究换能器的参数对声场和温度场的影响。仿真结果显示：在7 MHz频率下,当换能器输出声功率超过5 W时,声波传播的非线性效应不可忽视(p <0.05);当声功率从5 W增大到15 W时,非线性模型与线性模型预测的温度偏差从20%增加到34.703%;高频聚焦超声波的非线性行为比低频更加显著,基频能量向高次谐波转移的程度增大,声功率为10 W和15 W时4次谐波与基波之比分别达到7.33%和12.12%;高频换能器参数的改变对组织中声场和温度场分布的影响较大,换能器焦距从12 mm减小到11.2 mm,焦点处最高温度增加了77%。结果表明,7 MHz聚焦超声的非线性声传播需要考虑到4次谐波的影响。该文提出的多层组织非线性仿真模型可为高频聚焦超声换能器参数优化及制定安全、有效的术前治疗方案提供理论参考。     

蒙特卡罗模拟激光诱导间质热疗中激光能量在肿瘤组织内的传播

激光诱导间质热疗手术方案的制定需要术前对引入激光能量在组织中的分布进行准确的数值模拟。考虑肿瘤大小、光学特性与周围正常组织的差别,建立激光诱导间质热疗时的肿瘤与正常组织两层结构模型,采用蒙特卡罗方法模拟激光在其中的传播,得到激光能量在组织中的分布规律,并采用Pennes生物传热方程计算得出组织的稳态温度分布,这对于激光诱导间质热疗的临床应用具有积极的理论指导意义。     

激光、激光技术 激光应用 激光医学

R318.51 2006032050光动力治疗中热效应的理论分析与计算=Theoretic anal-ysis and calculation on optical-thermal effect in PDT[刊,中]/李忠明(西安交通大学生命科学与技术学院生物医学工程研究所,生物医学信息工程教育部重点实验室.陕西,西安(710049)) ,张镇西∥光子学报.—2006 , 35(2) .—269-273基于Pennes传热方程,从理论上分析了光动力治疗中激光作用所引起的组织温升的变化。结果表明,激光照射在生物组织内形成热源,该热源在一维生物组织空间引起组织的温升一般随时间呈指数形式增大,随激光照射处的距离呈指数减少。激光照射…     

人舌三维温度场的实验研究与数值模拟

直接采用人舌血管铸型进行三维温度场的实验研究与数值计算.体现出依据生物体的真实形状和真实受热状态而进行的生物传热研究.仍以Pennes方程为基准方程,对自然形态和实际传热状态下的人舌舌体三维温度场进行了重构,计算结果与红外热像测试结果趋于一致.意义在于,以此为技术平台,可通过变换多种生物参数的方法获取不同的舌体三维温度分布与测取中医不同证候的舌热像进行比较,获取特定证候具有的相应生物参数值,由此研究生物传热与传统医学的相关性.     

磁热耦合下血管对温度场分布的影响

结合血液流动的Navier-Stokes方程与人体组织的Pennes生物传热方程建立了球形肿瘤组织的多物理场耦合模型,研究了血管分布位置、血管半径和血液流速等因素对肿瘤组织温度场和治疗效果的影响。结果表明：在热疗过程中,血管会对肿瘤组织产生冷却效果;同时血管的半径和血流速度的变化也会影响肿瘤区域的温度场分布,随着血管半径和血流速度的增加,血管附近的温度值越低。此外,相比外部血管,肿瘤内部血管对肿瘤区域具有更明显的降温效果,对热疗效果的不利影响也更强。     

A numerical simulation of photothermal response in laser medicine

In this paper, we reported a numerical solution of laser induced thermal effect in the bio-tissue. The model of photothermal effect and classical Pennes bio-heat transfer equation were introduced. Finite element method (FEM), which was realized by Matlab software, was used to calculate the temperature distribution. He-Ne laser (633 nm) was used to simulate the physical therapy in in vivo skin tissue. Under the cylinder coordinates, the three-dimension(3-D) geometry of tissue was reduced to two-dimension(2-D)computation. The results contained the radial, axial and temperature 3-D color plot. Combining the time animation display was possible. By changing the laser and tissue parameters we can get different results.This will be the initial and indispensable work of the non-destructive evaluation of the laser induced injury.     

Estimation of temperature elevation generated by ultrasonic irradiation in biological tissues using the thermal wave method

In most previous models,simulation of the temperature generation in tissue is based on the Pennes bio-heat transfer equation,which implies an instantaneous thermal energy deposition in the medium.Due to the long thermal relaxation time τ(20 s-30 s) in biological tissues,the actual temperature elevation during clinical treatments could be different from the value predicted by the Pennes bioheat equation.The thermal wave model of bio-heat transfer(TWMBT) defines a thermal relaxation time to describe the tissue heating from ultrasound exposure.In this paper,COMSOL Multiphysics 3.5a,a finite element method software package,is used to simulate the temperature response in tissues based on Pennes and TWMBT equations.We further discuss different factors in the bio-heat transfer model on the influence of the temperature rising and it is found that the temperature response in tissue under ultrasound exposure is a rising process with a declining rate.The thermal relaxation time inhibits the temperature elevation at the beginning of ultrasonic heating.Besides,thermal relaxation in TWMBT leads to lower temperature estimation than that based on Pennes equation during the same period of time.The blood flow carrying heat dominates most to the decline of temperature rising rate and the influence increases with temperature rising.On the contrary,heat diffusion,which can be described by thermal conductivity,has little effect on the temperature rising.     

Simulation of temperature distribution in skin under laser irradiation with different wavelengths

With the help of numerical calculations of the finite element method, we simulate the distributions of the temperature in skin after laser irradiation with four wavelengths, 532 nm, 694 nm, 755 nm, and 800 nm, respectively. Combined metabolism of the organism with the traditional Pennes equation, the induced thermal effect in tissue is expressed. The simulated results show that the temperature in the irradiation center decreases as the increase of the wavelength for the same irradiation duration, and the relationships of the distribution of temperature and the wavelength along the radial and longitudinal directions are different.     

1064 nm激光不同辐照时间对小鼠皮肤热损伤的实验与理论研究

通过实验和理论分析的方法研究1064 nm激光不同辐照时间对小鼠皮肤的热损伤规律。利用皮肤镜图像和光学相干断层图像评估小鼠皮肤组织热损伤程度,利用Arrhenius热损伤方程计算热损伤参数,建立激光诱导皮肤组织热损伤模型,并与实验结果进行对比。结果表明,在靶功率密度为30 W/mm2的1064 nm激光辐照下,0～100 ms辐照时间内,小鼠皮肤组织损伤可恢复;150～280 ms辐照时间内,小鼠皮肤组织出现水肿现象和热凝固损伤;280～550 ms辐照时间内,小鼠皮肤表皮层出现汽化现象,损伤斑周围出现焦痂,真皮层发生变性;660 ms辐照时间以上,小鼠皮肤表皮层和真皮层出现汽化现象,伤口渗出组织液,皮下组织发生变性。理论分析与实验结果一致,建立的热损伤模型能够验证小鼠皮肤热损伤程度。     

Study of the temperature rise induced by a focusing transducer with a wide aperture angle on biological tissue containing ribs

We used the spheroidal beam equation to calculate the sound field created by focusing a transducer with a wide aperture angle to obtain the heat deposition, and then we used the Pennes bioheat equation to calculate the temperature field in biological tissue with ribs and to ascertain the effects of rib parameters on the temperature field. The results show that the location and the gap width between the ribs have a great influence on the axial and radial temperature rise of multilayer biological tissue. With a decreasing gap width, the location of the maximum temperature rise moves forward; as the ribs are closer to the transducer surface, the sound energy that passes through the gap between the ribs at the focus decreases,the maximum temperature rise decreases, and the location of the maximum temperature rise moves forward with the ribs.     

基于侧面热对流的LD泵浦Yb:KGd(WO4)2热透镜效应研究

基于对LD端面泵浦Yb∶KGW激光晶体工作特点的分析,建立了符合条件的激光晶体热模型.考虑晶体侧面的热对流,运用MATLAB和FORTRAN软件,通过有限差分法求解各向异性介质热传导方程,得到了该晶体的温度场分布、端面热形变分布和不同泵浦功率下的热焦距.结果表明:在泵浦功率为14 W时,泵浦面最高温度达272.8℃、最...     

Temperature prediction for CO2 laser heating of moving glass rods

This paper presents a heat transfer model to calculate the temperature field in moving glass rods heated by a CO₂ laser. Conduction and radiation heat transfer in radial and axial directions are taken into account in the current model. The Rosseland diffusion approximation is incorporated to analyze the radiation heat transfer in the glass rod. A two-band model is used to simulate the spectral property of the glass. Results of the simulation show that glass rods of sufficiently large optical thickness should be treated as a semitransparent medium for radiative transfer, and it is reasonably accurate to assume it to be opaque to CO₂ laser irradiation. It has been shown that the resulting temperature profile is strongly dependent on the laser parameters, i.e., the size of laser beam and the power of the laser. The diameter and speed of the moving glass rod are also important in determining the temperature field although the convective heat transfer coefficient between the glass rod and the environment has little effect.     

激光辐照下复合材料热响应的轴对称数值分析

为了模拟激光辐照下碳纤维增强复合材料的瞬态热响应,建立了轴对称计算模型。模型考虑了激光辐照过程中基体热分解、质量迁移、比热容和热导率等物理量的变化情况。采用有限元方法求解控制方程,边界条件包含了激光辐照、对流换热以及辐射换热。在此基础上编写了计算程序,预测了激光辐照下碳纤维增强复合材料的瞬态温度场和基体热分解状况。为了校核模型,开展了激光辐照碳纤维复合材料试验。计算结果与试验数据比较表明,模型预测的复合材料温度-时间曲线与试验结果较好吻合,在较低功率密度激光辐照下复合材料热响应以基体热分解为主,与试验烧蚀形貌观察结果一致。