基于介电电泳的微流控细胞分离芯片的研究进展

细胞分离技术是细胞分选和细胞种群纯化的重要手段,在生物、医学、农业、环境等许多领域都有重要的应用,是当前生化分析领域的国际研究热点。本文介绍了基于介电电泳的微流控细胞分离芯片的研究现状,阐述了介电电泳的工作原理,并依据细胞尺寸、电极形状、外加信号方式等影响细胞介电电泳的关键因素对不同类型的微流控细胞分离芯片进行了详细介绍,并对该技术的未来发展趋势做了展望。     

CZE-ESI-MS联用测定小肽混合物的研究

研究肽的分离行为、测定方法及测定条件对蛋白质组学研究具有重要意义 .毛细管电泳 ( CE)作为一种高效、快速的分离方法 ,样品用量少 ,已被广泛应用于生物领域中 ,尤其是小肽和蛋白质的分离分析 .质谱 ( MS)能够进行微量鉴定 ,并提供精确的分子量和结构信息 ,使其成为小肽和蛋白质检测和序列测定的强有力的支撑技术之一 [1～ 3] .其中 ,电喷雾 ( ESI)质谱作为一种软电离技术 ,易与常规的高分辨率分离方法如高效液相色谱、毛细管电泳等实现在线联用 ,具有分离效率高、检测灵敏度高和样品定性方便等特点 ,因而在小肽和蛋白质的测定中得到广…     

用液相等电聚焦电泳纯化藻蓝蛋白亚基

以纯藻蓝蛋白(C-phycocyanin, C-PC)为材料, 采用Rotofor系统进行液相等电聚焦(Liquid-phase isoeletric focusing, LP-IEF)电泳纯化C-PC的α, β亚基, 探讨蛋白质亚基纯化的制备电泳(Preparative eletrophoresis)技术. 结果显示, 样品经2次等电聚焦电泳后, C-PC 的α, β亚基分别浓集在pH=4.9和pH=4.1附近, 平板超薄等电聚焦(Slab ultra thin IEF)和SDS-PAGE电泳鉴定表明分别为高纯度的C-PC α, β亚基. 提示LP-IEF是分离纯化等电点差异蛋白质活性亚基的简便有效的方法.     

毛细管等电聚焦和电渗泵驱动聚焦区带分离蛋白质

建立了一种利用电渗泵驱动毛细管内的聚焦区带,实现毛细管电泳等电聚焦分离蛋白质的方法。通过控制电压来调节泵的输出流量,从而调节聚焦区带的迁移速度。适用于毛细管电泳等电聚焦两步法分离蛋白质等两性物质。考察了对牛血清白蛋白和溶菌酶两种粗提蛋白质混合物的分离,迁移时间的RSD分别为1.6%和1.3%,峰面积的RSD均为1.6%,证明方法可行。     

毛细管电泳法在测定蛋白多肽理化特性中的应用

蛋白质是生命物质基础,蛋白质性质和功能研究是生命科学现在和将来的研究热点之一。理化特性参数是分离、鉴定多肽或蛋白质的基础,已成为蛋白质组学重要研究内容之一。毛细管电泳是将电泳和色谱有机地结合在一起的快速分离技术,分离机制涉及到物质的荷电、分子空间结构和大小、扩散特性、相互作用等理化性质。通过对样品的定量分析或不同条件下迁移时间的变化,利用理化参数与浓度或迁移时间的定量关系,可以计算出多肽或蛋白质的理化特性参数。本文对近年来毛细管电泳测定蛋白质或多肽理化特性原理和方法进行了综述。     

芯片自由流电泳的研究进展

芯片自由流电泳(μ-FFE)是一种连续微制备或预分离技术,已在细胞、细胞器、蛋白质等生物样品的分析中发挥了重要作用。本文系统综述了μ-FFE的研究进展,侧重于介绍各种自由流芯片的结构、分离模式和应用。此外,还对μ-FFE的发展方向进行了展望。     

毛细管电泳法在测定蛋白质或多肽的理化特性中的应用

蛋白质是生命物质的基础,蛋白质性质和功能研究是生命科学现在和将来的研究热点之一。理化特性参数是分离、鉴定多肽或蛋白质的基础,已成为蛋白质组学的重要研究内容之一。毛细管电泳是将电泳和色谱有机地结合在一起的快速分离技术,分离机制涉及到物质的荷电、分子空间结构和大小、扩散特性、相互作用等理化性质。通过对样品的定量分析或不同条件下迁移时间的变化的测定,利用理化参数与浓度或迁移时间的定量关系可以计算出多肽或蛋白质的理化特性参数。本文对近年来毛细管电泳测定蛋白质或多肽理化特性的原理和方法方面的进展进行了综述。     

基于固定化pH梯度整体材料的芯片自由流等电聚焦电泳模式的构建

芯片自由流电泳对于来源稀少的重要生物样品的连续预分级和微制备具有重要的意义。本文在自由流芯片的微分离腔内,通过原位光引发聚合反应制备了聚丙烯酰胺整体材料,并进行了pH梯度的固定化,从而构建了基于固定化pH梯度整体(M-IPG)材料的芯片自由流等电聚焦模式(μFF-IEF)。利用该新型分离模式,实现了异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)标记的最小等电点相差0.33的甘氨酸、脯氨酸和赖氨酸混合物的分离,且分离结果优于传统的μFF-IEF。实验结果表明,通过发展基于M-IPG材料的μFF-IEF模式,不仅可以避免在缓冲溶液中添加两性电解质对后续采用其他模式分离和质谱鉴定的干扰,而且可以获得较高的分离和富集能力,有望在微量样品的连续分离和制备方面发挥重要作用。     

共价有机框架材料在毛细管电色谱中的应用进展

毛细管电色谱(CEC)因兼具高效液相色谱(HPLC)的高选择性和毛细管电泳(CE)的高分离效率而受到越来越多研究者的关注。在毛细管电色谱中,选择合适的固定相材料对获得优异的分离效果起着十分重要的作用。近年来,多种新型材料如氧化石墨烯、蛋白质、金属有机框架(MOFs)及共价有机框架(COFs)等被作为固定相应用于毛细管电色谱领域以期获得更好的分离性能,同时拓展毛细管电色谱的应用范围。其中,COFs因具有孔隙率高、比表面积大、高稳定性、孔径可调和可设计性强等独特性质,在毛细管电色谱领域显示出了巨大的应用前景。鉴于此,本文对2016-2023年间COFs在毛细管电色谱领域的研究进展进行了综述,包括COFs毛细管电色谱柱的分类和制备方法,以及基于COFs固定相的毛细管电色谱技术在环境内分泌干扰物、农药、芳香族化合物、氨基酸及药物分离领域中的应用及分离机理等内容。最后对发展基于COFs固定相的毛细管电色谱应努力解决的问题和该技术未来的发展方向进行了分析和展望。     

杯芳烃在液相色谱、毛细管电泳和电色谱中的应用进展

利用杯芳烃的分子识别作用提高色谱分离选择性是超分子化学在分离科学中的成功应用.本文从杯芳烃分离材料的制备、分离机理和应用等,综述了近年来杯芳烃在液相色谱、毛细管电泳和电色谱中的研究进展.     

Determination of impurities and counterions of pharmaceuticals by capillary electromigration methods

The review presents a survey of recent applications of high‐performance capillary electromigration methods—capillary zone electrophoresis, nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis, capillary isotachophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography and capillary electrochromatography—for the determination of impurities of pharmaceuticals, including chiral impurities, for the period 2007–2013. In addition, due to the missing evaluation of the determination of counterions of pharmaceuticals by capillary electromigration methods in the last 20 years, the publications dealing with this topic since 1995 are included in this review. General aspects of both these types of applications of capillary electromigration methods in pharmaceutical analysis are discussed, and detailed experimental conditions used for determination of various chemical impurities and counterions of many particular drugs are described.     

Recent Applications of Capillary Electrophoresis in the Determination of Active Compounds in Medicinal Plants and Pharmaceutical Formulations

The present review summarizes scientific reports from between 2010 and 2019 on the use of capillary electrophoresis to quantify active constituents (i.e., phenolic compounds, coumarins, protoberberines, curcuminoids, iridoid glycosides, alkaloids, triterpene acids) in medicinal plants and herbal formulations. The present literature review is founded on PRISMA guidelines and selection criteria were formulated on the basis of PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Study type). The scrutiny reveals capillary electrophoresis with ultraviolet detection as the most frequently used capillary electromigration technique for the selective separation and quantification of bioactive compounds. For the purpose of improvement of resolution and sensitivity, other detection methods are used (including mass spectrometry), modifiers to the background electrolyte are introduced and different extraction as well as pre-concentration techniques are employed. In conclusion, capillary electrophoresis is a powerful tool and for given applications it is comparable to high performance liquid chromatography. Short time of execution, high efficiency, versatility in separation modes and low consumption of solvents and sample make capillary electrophoresis an attractive and eco-friendly alternative to more expensive methods for the quality control of drugs or raw plant material without any relevant decrease in sensitivity.     

The dynamics of band (peak) shape development in capillary zone electrophoresis in light of the linear theory of electromigration

The continuity equations that describe the movement of ions in liquid solutions under the influence of an external stationary electric field, as it is utilized in electrophoresis, were introduced a long time ago starting with Kohlrausch in 1897. From that time on, there have been many attempts to solve the equations and to discuss the results. In electrophoresis, special attention has always been devoted to the peak shapes obtained by the detector since the shapes have a tight connection with the phenomena taking place during electromigration and influence the efficiency and selectivity of the separation. Among these phenomena, the most important is electromigration dispersion. In this commented review paper, we compare various models of electromigration, try to find points that connect them, and discuss the range of their validity in light of the linear and nonlinear theory of electromigration.     

Enantioseparations in capillary electromigration techniques: recent developments and future trends

This review summarizes the current status of enantioseparations using capillary electromigration techniques and gives the authors insights on the selected fundamental aspects and future trends in this field. The most recent developments in the field of chiral separations using capillary electrophoresis (CE) and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) are summarized. The status of chiral electromigration techniques is evaluated tacking into account the most recent developments in related techniques such as chiral HPLC, GC and SFC.     

Recent applications of capillary electromigration methods to separation and analysis of proteins

This review article describes the significant recent developments in analysis of proteins by capillary electromigration (CE) methods (zone electrophoresis, isotachophoresis, isoelectric focusing, affinity electrophoresis, electrokinetic chromatography and electrochromatography) during the period 2011–2015. Improvements in sample preparation, preconcentration, suppression of adsorption and control of electroosmotic flow, separations by particular CE methods, and the detection schemes used in the analysis of proteins are discussed. Innovative applications of the above CE methods for quality control of protein biopharmaceuticals, protein determination in complex biomatrices, peptide mapping of proteins, and determination of physicochemical parameters of proteins are presented.     

Recent progress in chiral separation principles in capillary electrophoresis

This review summarizes recent developments in the field of chiral separations by electromigration techniques including capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE), isotachophoresis (ITP), electrokinetic chromatography (EKC), and capillary electrochromatography (CEC). This overview focuses on the development of new chiral selectors and the introduction of new techniques rather than applications of already established selectors and methods. The mechanisms of the different chiral separation principles are discussed.     

Recent advances in capillary electrophoretic migration techniques for pharmaceutical analysis (2013–2015)

This review updates and follows‐up a previous review by highlighting recent advancements regarding capillary electromigration methodologies and applications in pharmaceutical analysis. General approaches such as quality by design as well as sample injection methods and detection sensitivity are discussed. The separation and analysis of drug‐related substances, chiral CE, and chiral CE‐MS in addition to the determination of physicochemical constants are addressed. The advantages of applying affinity capillary electrophoresis in studying receptor–ligand interactions are highlighted. Finally, current aspects related to the analysis of biopharmaceuticals are reviewed. The present review covers the literature between January 2013 and December 2015.     

Separation of isomers of dienoic acids by electromigration techniques

Different capillary electromigration techniques were employed to resolve geometrical isomers of sorbic acid, decadienoic acid, and ethyl sorbate. Since these substances differ in their polarity, shape, and size, various electromigration approaches were investigated to separate the four geometrical isomers of each compound. With capillary electrophoresis (CE) modified with a cyclodextrin (β‐CD) the four isomers of sorbic acid were separated using a buffer that consists of 60 mM tetraborate and 8 mg/mL β‐CD. The separation of decadienoic acid geometrical isomers was not possible, even at elevated tetraborate and cyclodextrin concentrations. The four isomers of decadienoic acid were successfully separated using micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) with a buffer consisting of 30 mM tetraborate and 100 mM SDS and microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC). Ethyl sorbate is the least polar of all the studied substances and its isomers could not be separated by MEKC or MEEKC. The resolution was improved and isomers were fully separated using capillary electrochromatography (CEC) with ODS stationary phase and a mobile phase consisting of 10 mM boric acid in 50% acetonitrile. Minor differences in the polarity and the shape of isomers and high resolving power of the applied techniques were sufficient for separation of very similar compounds. We have shown that versatile electromigration techniques can be applied for separation of geometrical isomers of dienoic acids and their esters.