窄脉冲相干激光雷达偏频锁定系统仿真研究

鉴于偏频锁定技术在激光外差探测和激光雷达等方面的广泛作用,基于可编程逻辑器件,设计了适用于窄脉冲激光外差信号的偏频锁定控制系统。在设计中,使用超高速电压比较器进行波形变换、多脉冲鉴频和大概率均值滤波进行数字鉴频,采用小步长快速控制方法进行调频,利用数模转换器和线性放大电路输出调频信号。借助信号发生器产生40ns脉宽的模拟外差信号对系统进行了仿真,实现了设计功能。对系统进行鉴频和调频测试,在40ns脉宽时鉴频误差范围为-7.5MHz～+7.7MHz。     

利用腔电光力系统提高罗兰C授时能力研究

罗兰C系统受原子钟以及经典无线电信号测量精度的影响,难以为用户提供高精度授时.提出了一种基于杂化微波-光纠缠的罗兰C系统授时方案,通过腔电光力转换器制备纠缠微波-光信号,并利用纠缠信号的二阶相干函数得到信号传播时间,根据授时时序关系修正用户本地钟时刻并完成授时.仿真分析了腔电光力转换器的参数对授时精度的影响.所提方案在理论上实现了对罗兰C系统授时精度的提高,在抗压制干扰、欺骗干扰等方面都具有一定优势.     

闭环光纤陀螺滤波算法的分析与改进

为了实现光纤陀螺的工程化,对数字滤波器的结构进行了改进,提出了一种多级抽样率转换器(SRC)与梳状带阻滤波器相结合的滤波算法。把闭环光纤陀螺的信号处理系统分为环内和环外两个部分,环外输出使用了加凯泽-贝塞尔窗的FIR滤波器。介绍了改进算法的优点,给出了新算法的实现方法。使用MATLAB对算法进行了仿真实验。结果表明,改进算法可明显地提高数字信号的处理效率,可保证在采样频率变换的过程中有用信号不会产生混叠,提高了光纤陀螺的精度。     

基于杂化纠缠量子信号的导航测距方案

传统的无线电导航技术借助量子纠缠信号优越的特性可以突破所面临的技术壁垒,实现高精度的测量。结合量子照明的原理和腔电光力转换器,提出了一种基于量子微波纠缠信号的导航测距方案。通过将测距任务模型化为一个多目标假设测试问题,突破了量子照明中二元假设检验的限制。同时,通过理论分析和仿真,证明了所提测距方案在误差指数方面具有优势,且在测距精度上优于经典的测距方案。     

一种用于数字助听器的WOLA滤波器组的设计准则

针对WOLA(weighted overlap-add)滤波器组在数字助听器多通道处理中的应用,本文提出了一个满足该领域要求的具体的设计准则。根据这一准则,可用窗函数法进行滤波器设计,并把问题简化为对窗长度的选取。对线性扫频信号和语音信号多通道放大两种情况进行了仿真,结果表明,适当选取窗长度,滤波器组输出信号将符合要求并且无混迭。     

大功率变流器同步信号的状态变量滤波器设计

EAST极向场电源是由晶闸管相控整流电路组成的大功率变流器,其同步信号的取用至关重要。为提高控制精度,采用EAST极向场电源系统中整流变压器的次级电压信号作为同步信号。由于该同步信号中包含大量的谐波及噪声,所以需要对其进行滤波。通过分析同步信号的特点,提出了滤波器设计要求,比较不同滤波器特点后,选用状态变量滤波器进行滤波,并对状态变量滤波器的设计进行了详细的理论分析和参数计算。最后通过RT-LAB实时仿真测试和实验证明,该滤波器具有理想的滤波效果,可以实现同步信号的精确提取。     

基于multisine激励与整周期采样的多频电阻抗成像系统设计

本文从周期信号的整周期采样无频谱泄露这一原理出发,提出基于multisine信号的整周期采样理论,从理论上推导出满足multisine整周期采样的采样率设置条件,构建了基于FPGA+数模转换器+模数转换器的整周期采样实现方法,研制了一种基于multisine激励和整周期采样的新型多频电阻抗成像(mfEIT)系统;设计了胡萝卜棒+黄瓜棒的双目标成像模型,并进行了多频时差成像和频差成像实验.实验表明,本mfEIT系统能够在一个基波周期(1 ms)内实现20个频率点(2—997 kHz)多目标组织边界的全频阻抗测量,成像结果可区分具有不同电特性生物组织的结构与位置.本文提出的基于multisine信号的整周期采样理论及其实现方法,只需一个multisine基波周期即可完成一次全频阻抗测量,为研制高速mfEIT系统奠定了理论和技术基础.     

基于光纤光栅传感器和卡尔曼滤波器的载荷识别算法

载荷识别在结构健康监测中的地位十分重要,为了在结构健康监测的同时利用最优化算法对系统进行有效控制,提出了一种基于光纤光栅(FBG)传感器和卡尔曼滤波器的载荷识别算法。该算法建立在卡尔曼滤波器的基础上,以FBG传感器测得的应变值作为观测信号,通过卡尔曼滤波器产生的增益矩阵、新息序列和协方差矩阵,利用最小二乘算法实时估计载荷的大小。此算法只需采集前一时刻的估计值和当前时刻的观测值即可估计出当前时刻的载荷,无需存储和读取大量数据。同时,基于卡尔曼滤波器在进行结构健康监测的同时能够应用最优化算法对系统进行控制。为了对识别算法进行验证,采用梁系统作为仿真和试验对象,通过FBG传感器测得的应变值识别载荷。结果表明,所提动态载荷识别算法能够很好地抑制噪声,具有良好的稳定性和实时性。     

基于空间滤波测速系统的分析和验证

光电测量技术由于具有抗干扰和非接触的特点,在工业生产中被广泛应用。介绍了一种基于空间滤波原理的非接触速度测量方法。该方法将传输光栅作为空间滤波器,对运动信号进行滤波,由光电检测器检测信号,处理后得到速度信息。通过仿真和实验证明该方法具有很高的测速精度,能够在实际应用中得到推广。     

基于改进Mallat算法的倍频程分析方法研究

倍频程分析是噪声测量系统中的重要环节,针对传统倍频程分析方法中滤波器相对衰减值测量精度不高和声压级谱测量不准确的缺陷,本文提出了一种基于改进Mallat算法的倍频程分析方法。本文提出的改进Mallat算法:第一,对信号进行FFT运算,删除由于滤波器的非锐截止特性导致的频率混淆分量;第二,利用矩形窗函数与信号相乘,消除由于卷积运算时会导致的边界效应;最后,应用虚拟仪器软件开发平台Lab VIEW搭建了基于改进Mallat算法的倍频程分析系统。仿真对比实验结果验证了改进Mallat倍频程分析方法对噪声信号的相对衰减值测量精度更高,声压级谱显示更加准确。     

Measurement of modulation index and half-wave voltage of an electro-optical phase modulator with a dispersion-based phase filter

In this paper, a novel method based on the use of an optical phase filter is proposed to evaluate the modulation index, as well as the half-wave voltage of an optical phase modulator. When a phase modulated signal propagates along the length of a dispersive fiber, the fiber dispersion acts as an optical phase filter and spectrally alters the relative phasing of the phase modulated signal, causing the phase modulation to become intensity modulation, which allows the swept frequency measurement of phase modulators by using a vector network analyzer. The modulation index and half-wave voltage as a function of the modulation frequency are experimentally measured for a commercial phase modulator, which agree well with the results obtained using the widely accepted optical spectrum analysis method. The proposed method requires only a length of dispersive fiber and works without any small-signal approximation, which is applicable for different driving levels and operating wavelengths with the same setup.     

Stochastic bounded consensus tracking of leader–follower multi-agent systems with measurement noises based on sampled-data with small sampling delay

This paper is concerned with the stochastic bounded consensus tracking problems of leader–follower multi-agent systems, where the control input of an agent can only use the information measured at the sampling instants from its neighborhood agents or a virtual leader with a time-varying reference state, the measurements are corrupted by random noises, and the signal sampling process induces a small sampling delay. The augmented matrix method, probability limit theory and algebra graph theory are employed to derive the necessary and sufficient conditions guaranteeing mean square bounded consensus tracking. It turns out that the convergence of the proposed protocol simultaneously depends on the constant feedback gains, the network topology, the sampling period and the sampling delay, and that the static consensus tracking error depends on not only the above-mentioned factors, but also the noise intensity, the number of agents and the upper bound of the changing rate of the virtual leader’s state. The obtained results cover no sampling delay as a special case. Simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.     

具有双陷波特性的超宽带天线设计

设计了一款基于共面波导馈电的小型化具有双陷波特性的超宽带天线,该天线的带宽在3～14 GHz内,电压驻波比(VSWR)小于2。在辐射贴片上通过开L型和半圆环缝隙实现了在3.3～3.7 GHz和5.150～5.825 GHz的双频段的陷波特性,抑制了802.16无线城域网和无线局域网对超宽带系统的干扰,在整个工作频段具有稳定的增益和良好的全向性。通过对天线模型进行加工制作并测量,测试结果表明:天线的带宽是3～14 GHz,在3.3～3.7 GHz和5.15～5.825 GHz频段内VSWR大于4,实现了天线的双陷波特性。该天线尺寸小、结构紧凑的特点,适合现代的无线通信系统。     

Edge directional 2D LMS filter for infrared small target detection

In this paper, we introduce an edge directional 2D least mean squares (LMSs) filter for small target detection in infrared (IR) images. Generally, the 2D LMS filter functions as a background prediction to apply to IR small target detection field. In order to accurately predict background objects as well as regions covered by small targets, the proposed 2D LMS filter take full advantage of edge information of prediction pixels corresponding to surrounding blocks around current filter window. And, to adjust adaptively its step size in the background and small target region, the adaptive region-dependent nonlinear step size is calculated by using the variance of the prediction pixels of the surrounding blocks. This prediction structure and adaptive step size of the proposed 2D LMS filter is applied to the background region including objects such as cloud edge and small target region differently. Through this way, the proposed 2D LMS filter predicts the background excluding small targets. Then, by subtracting the predicted background from the original IR image, small targets can be extracted. Experimental results show that the proposed 2D LMS filter has stronger target extraction and better background suppression ability compared to the existing 2D LMS filters.     

Weighted coupling for geographical networks: Application to reducing consensus time in sensor networks

Although many complex real-world networks are weighted, unweighted networks are used in many applications such as sensor networks. In this Letter it is shown using properly weighted networks the performance can be greatly enhanced by reducing the time necessary for the average consensus. Random geographical models are adapted as network models and a method based on mutually coupled phase oscillators is used for providing average consensus over the network. The consensus time is calculated by numerically solving the network's differential equations and monitoring the average error. The simulation results on some sample networks show that the consensus time is dramatically reduced when the proposed weights are used for the links of the underlying network.     

铁电薄膜可调带通滤波器

铁电薄膜的介电常数随外加电场强度的增加而减小.依据铁电薄膜的这一特性,提出了一种新颖的基于共面传输线结构的铁电薄膜可调带通滤波器.为了减小传输损耗,滤波器的导体部分由超导薄膜构成.滤波器的输入输出采用抽头线的方式分别与谐振器相接,外加电压通过输入输出端口直接施加到共面谐振器缝隙处的铁电薄膜上,用以改变铁电薄膜的介电常数,从而改变谐振器的谐振频率,实现带通滤波器通带频率的移动.这种新型可调带通滤波器具有结构紧凑、尺寸小及施加外加偏压容易等优点.仿真结果表明:铁电薄膜的介电常数在外加偏压下从250减小到150时,带通滤波器的传输特性曲线的形状基本保持不变,通带的中心频率从10.283GHz增加到10.518GHz,其3dB带宽保持在0.150GHz左右,反射损耗始终小于-17dB.     

Filtration characteristics of fibrous filter following an electrostatic precipitator

This study presents the results of investigations of a hybrid electrostatic filtration system (HEFS), which combines an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) and a fibrous filter installed downstream of the ESP. The particles escaping from the ESP carry large amount of charge and this can increase the filtration efficiency of the fibrous filter. The filtration characteristics, including the efficiency, pressure drop and ozone generation, were investigated experimentally. The influence of system parameters, including the filter type, applied voltage, and distance between the ESP and fibrous filter on the overall efficiency were also studied. The measured results show that utilizing the non-high-efficient fibrous filter to remove the charged particle could provide a much higher efficiency without adding the pressure drop due to the electrostatic force. If the efficiency was similar, the ozone generated by HEFS was much lower than that of the single ESP. The results proved that filter efficiency increased with a higher applied voltage and higher initial mechanical filtration efficiency. The distance between the filter and ESP had no influence on the system filtration efficiency. The efficiency of filter in HEFS supplied with the positive voltage was slightly lower than for the negative voltage. In addition, the mathematical model was utilized to model the air filter efficiency in HEFS. The modeled and measured results agreed reasonably. Overall conclusion is that the HEFS could operate at a high efficiency with the lower applied voltage, ozone generation and pressure drop.     

一种基于随机行走和策略连接的网络演化模型

本文提出了一个基于随机行走和策略选择的复杂网络局域演化模型RAPA. 新节点加入系统不需要全局知识,而是通过随机行走构造局域世界;然后依据概率采用随机连接,"扶贫"连接或"亲富"连接策略,从局域世界中选择节点增加连接边;最终自组织演化具有幂律特点的复杂网络. 初步的解析计算和仿真实验都表明,RAPA模型不仅重现了具有小世界特性、整体上的无标度特性,还可以演化出小变量饱和以及指数截断等现象,同时也具有明显的聚类特性,并能够构造出同配或异配等不同混合模式的网络. 关键词： 复杂网络 模型 随机行走 策略连接     

Tunable multilayer narrowband filter containing an ultrathin metallic film and a lithium niobate defect

By using lithium niobate (LiNbO₃) as a defect layer, a tunable multilayer narrowband reflection-and-transmission filter containing an ultrathin metallic film is proposed. Due to the voltage dependence of the refractive index for LiNbO₃, tunable optical filtering properties have been theoretically investigated based on the calculated wavelength-dependent reflectance and transmittance. The dependences of peak wavelength on the applied voltage and the angle of incidence are numerically illustrated. The results reveal that in addition to working as a tunable filter, it can also be expected to act as a refractometric optical sensor.     

Second-Order Consensus of Multiple Agents with Bounded Control Inputs and Preserved Network Connectivity

This paper investigates second-order consensus of multi-agent systems with a virtual leader of varying velocity while preserving network connectivity.We propose a novel second-order consensus algorithm with bounded control inputs.Under the condition that the initial network is connected,the network will be connected all the time and all agents and the virtual leader can attain the same position and move with the same velocity.A simulation example is proposed to illustrate the effective of the proposed algorithm.