轻质泡沫金属夹芯壳结构的抗爆炸冲击性能研究

通过实验研究和有限元模拟,重点关注了泡沫金属夹芯壳结构的抗爆炸冲击性能和能量吸收机理.给出了爆炸载荷下泡沫金属夹芯壳结构的典型动力失效模式,分析了关键几何拓扑参量对其抗爆炸冲击性能的影响规律,模拟了爆炸载荷下夹芯壳结构的整个塑性动力响应过程,讨论了夹芯壳结构各组成部件的能量耗散分配机制.结果表明,夹芯壳结构的抗爆炸冲击性能可以通过优化承载范围和结构配置而提高;夹芯壳结构的能量吸收能力与其失效机制相关,且泡沫金属芯层的贡献最大.研究结果可为强动载荷服役条件下泡沫金属夹芯复合结构的防护要求及优化设计提供技术支持.     

多孔金属及其夹芯结构力学性能的研究进展

高孔隙率多孔金属及其夹芯复合结构是一种物理功能与结构一体化的新型、轻质高强材料/结构,具有高比强度、高比刚度和优良的吸能和缓冲性能等多种功能,引起了学术界和工程界众多研究者的极大关注. 本文概述了轻质多孔金属及其夹芯结构的制备方法、多功能特性及其应用,介绍了多孔金属夹芯结构元件(梁、板、壳)遭受准静态和动态冲击载荷下的理论、实验和模拟方面的国内外研究现状,分析和讨论了多孔金属及其夹芯结构力学行为研究中的研究手段和基本问题,重点关注了多孔金属夹芯结构的变形/失效、动态响应和能量吸收.     

孔结构金属复合夹芯板抗爆炸冲击响应及吸能特性研究

采用有限元方法研究爆炸载荷下四边固支孔结构金属复合夹芯板的动力响应及吸能特性,给出了孔结构金属复合夹芯板的动力响应过程,得到夹芯板的变形模式,比较了孔结构金属复合夹芯板与非孔结构金属复合夹芯板的抗爆炸冲击性能,同时讨论了孔大小、间距、排布方式和面板质量分布等因素对孔结构金属复合夹芯板抗爆炸冲击性能的影响。研究结果表明,迎爆面外面板的孔设计使爆炸冲击波穿过孔洞直接作用在芯材上,增强了芯材的压缩,从而提高了夹芯板的能量吸收能力。同等面密度情况下,内外面板厚度比大于1的孔结构金属复合夹芯板变形挠度小于内外面板厚度比小于1的孔结构金属复合夹芯板。进一步研究发现,通过合理设计内外面板的质量分布,可以使孔结构金属复合夹芯板的抗爆炸冲击性能最优。     

孔结构金属复合夹芯板抗爆炸冲击响应及吸能特性研究

采用有限元方法研究爆炸载荷下四边固支孔结构金属复合夹芯板的动力响应及吸能特性，给出了孔结构金属复合夹芯板的动力响应过程，得到夹芯板的变形模式，比较了孔结构金属复合夹芯板与非孔结构金属复合夹芯板的抗爆炸冲击性能，同时讨论了孔大小、间距、排布方式和面板质量分布等因素对孔结构金属复合夹芯板抗爆炸冲击性能的影响。研究结果表明，迎爆面外面板的孔设计使爆炸冲击波穿过孔洞直接作用在芯材上，增强了芯材的压缩，从而提高了夹芯板的能量吸收能力。同等面密度情况下，内外面板厚度比大于1的孔结构金属复合夹芯板变形挠度小于内外面板厚度比小于1的孔结构金属复合夹芯板。进一步研究发现，通过合理设计内外面板的质量分布，可以使孔结构金属复合夹芯板的抗爆炸冲击性能最优。     

球形密闭夹芯结构在内爆载荷作用下的响应分析

轻质夹芯结构在能量吸收领域有很广泛的应用。本文采用数值仿真的方法分析了球形密闭夹芯结构在内爆载荷作用下的动态响应。发现与主要靠夹芯层吸能的平板或曲板结构不同,球形密闭夹芯结构的内壁在能量耗散中起关键作用。与相同质量的均质球壳相比,夹芯层可以有效地降低外壁的变形和应力水平。此外,利用理论分析的方法,得出了几何尺寸对球形夹芯结构能量吸收特性的影响。最后指出,在爆炸容器的设计中,如果充分利用球形夹芯结构的内壁进行耗能,可以显著提高结构的抗爆当量。     

RESPONSE OF SPHERICAL SANDWICH STRUCTURE UNDER INNER BLAST LOADING

轻质夹芯结构在能量吸收领域有很广泛的应用。本文采用数值仿真的方法分析了球形密闭夹芯结构在内爆载荷作用下的动态响应。发现与主要靠夹芯层吸能的平板或曲板结构不同,球形密闭夹芯结构的内壁在能量耗散中起关键作用。与相同质量的均质球壳相比,夹芯层可以有效地降低外壁的变形和应力水平。此外,利用理论分析的方法,得出了几何尺寸对球形夹芯结构能量吸收特性的影响。最后指出,在爆炸容器的设计中,如果充分利用球形夹芯结构的内壁进行耗能,可以显著提高结构的抗爆当量。     

负泊松比蜂窝材料抗爆炸特性及优化设计研究

为了深入研究车辆底部防护组件爆炸冲击下的结构响应，提高防护型车辆的抗爆炸冲击性能，建立了某车辆底部防护组件在爆炸冲击下的有限元模型，并进行爆炸冲击台架试验验证了有限元模拟的可靠性；将内凹六边形负泊松比蜂窝材料作为防护组件的夹芯部分，分析负泊松比蜂窝材料在爆炸冲击下的变形模式，并对比了同等质量的其他3种防护组件的抗爆炸冲击性能。结果表明，含有负泊松比蜂窝夹芯的防护组件具有更优的抗爆性能。建立了以内凹六边形负泊松比蜂窝胞元尺寸参数为设计变量的多目标优化问题的数学模型，采用多目标遗传算法获得胞元几何参数的最优方案，有效降低了防护组件基板的最大挠度和最大动能。     

撞击载荷下泡沫铝夹芯梁的塑性动力响应

应用泡沫金属子弹撞击加载的方式研究了固支泡沫铝夹芯梁和等质量实体梁的塑性动力响应。 采用激光测速装置和位移传感器测量了泡沫子弹的撞击速度和后面板中心点的位移-时间曲线,研究了加载 冲量、面板厚度和芯层厚度对夹芯梁抗冲击性能的影响。给出了泡沫铝夹芯梁的变形与失效模式,实验结果 表明结构响应对夹芯结构配置比较敏感,后面板中心点的残余变形与加载冲量、面板厚度呈线性关系。与等 质量实体梁的比较表明,泡沫铝夹芯梁具有更好的抗冲击能力。实验结果对多孔金属夹芯结构的优化设计具 有一定的参考价值。     

爆炸载荷作用下具有可折叠芯层夹芯梁的动态响应

基于目前研究最广泛的刚性折纸(Tachi-origami)样式,通过改变其初始折叠角度构建出4种不同的蜂窝胞元,并且通过排列分布将其组成夹芯梁。采用商用有限元软件Abaqus/explicit对准静态和爆炸载荷作用下可折叠芯层夹芯梁的力学响应进行研究,分析可折叠芯层的泊松比变化规律、夹芯梁背板挠度以及能量吸收机理;并将夹芯梁与等质量的实体梁进行对比。采用后面板最大挠度作为抗爆性能的评价,结果发现:可折叠芯层在准静态载荷下具有一定的负泊松比效应;夹芯梁的抗爆性能优于实体梁,曲边蜂窝的初始折角对其作为芯层夹芯梁的抗爆性能有较大影响,随着初始折角的逐渐增大,其抗爆性能逐渐下降;当初始折角为直角时对应于方孔直边蜂窝,其抗爆性能最差。     

战斗部近距爆炸下夹芯复合舱壁结构防护能力的理论评估模型

为改善当前战斗部近距爆炸下基于单纯抗爆或抗穿甲载荷开展防护结构设计的不足，本文中建立了战斗部近距爆炸下夹芯复合舱壁结构防护能力的理论评估模型，提出了联合作用下夹芯复合舱壁结构的防护能力需同时满足抗弹性能和整体变形破坏两方面要求。具体步骤为:首先计算战斗部爆炸后的联合毁伤载荷，然后基于抗弹理论模型评估夹芯复合舱壁结构的抗弹性能。若满足要求，则进一步根据联合作用理论模型校核夹芯复合舱壁结构在冲击波和破片群联合作用下是否满足整体变形破坏要求，判据为后面板是否产生撕裂、破口破坏。与有关实验结果进行了计算比较，结果吻合良好，证明了此理论评估模型的合理性。     

冲击波与破片对波纹杂交夹层板的联合毁伤数值研究

通过有限元软件LS-DYNA模拟了波纹杂交夹层板在冲击波与破片联合作用下的响应过程,研究了炸药当量、载荷类型和填充方式对波纹杂交夹层板变形与失效模式的影响,并与实体板、间隔板和波纹夹层板的抗联合毁伤性能进行了对比,讨论了波纹杂交夹层板的能量吸收特性。数值计算结果表明:与冲击波单独作用相比,破片群单独作用和冲击波与破片联合作用对结构造成的毁伤更为严重;当药量较小时,波纹夹层板和波纹杂交夹层板的抗联合毁伤性能优于实体板与间隔板,波纹杂交夹层板的抗联合毁伤性能从全填充、迎爆面填充到背爆面填充逐渐降低;当药量较大时,所有结构均产生破口失效;在能量耗散方面,冲击波单独作用时以波纹芯层吸能为主,破片群单独作用和冲击波与破片联合作用时以上面板吸能为主。     

The response of clamped sandwich plates with metallic foam cores to simulated blast loading

The dynamic responses of clamped circular monolithic and sandwich plates of equal areal mass have been measured by loading the plates at mid-span with metal foam projectiles. The sandwich plates comprise AISI 304 stainless steel face sheets and aluminium alloy metal foam cores. The resistance to shock loading is quantified by the permanent transverse deflection at mid-span of the plates as a function of projectile momentum. It is found that the sandwich plates have a higher shock resistance than monolithic plates of equal mass. Further, the shock resistance of the sandwich plates increases with increasing thickness of sandwich core. Finite element simulations of these experiments are in good agreement with the experimental measurements and demonstrate that the strain rate sensitivity of AISI 304 stainless steel plays a significant role in increasing the shock resistance of the monolithic and sandwich plates. Finally, the finite element simulations were employed to determine the pressure versus time history exerted by the foam projectiles on the plates. It was found that the pressure transient was reasonably independent of the dynamic impedance of the plate, suggesting that the metal foam projectile is a convenient experimental tool for ranking the shock resistance of competing structures.     

The dynamic response of clamped rectangular Y-frame and corrugated core sandwich plates

The dynamic response of fully clamped, monolithic and sandwich plates of equal areal mass has been measured by loading rectangular plates over a central patch with metal foam projectiles. All plates are made from AISI 304 stainless steel, and the sandwich topologies comprise two identical face-sheets and either Y-frame or corrugated cores. The resistance to shock loading is quantified by the permanent transverse deflection at mid-span of the plates as a function of projectile momentum. At low levels of projectile momentum both types of sandwich plate deflect less than monolithic plates of equal areal mass. However, at higher levels of projectile momentum, the sandwich plates tear while the monolithic plates remain intact. Three-dimensional finite element (FE) calculations adequately predict the measured responses, prior to the onset of tearing. These calculations also reveal that the accumulated plastic strains in the front face of the sandwich plates exceed those in the monolithic plates. These high plastic strains lead to failure of the front face sheets of the sandwich plates at lower values of projectile momentum than for the equivalent monolithic plates.     

撞击载荷下泡沫铝夹层板的动力响应

应用泡沫金属子弹撞击加载的方式研究了固支方形夹层板和等质量实体板的动力响应,分别应用激光测速装置和位移传感器测量了泡沫子弹的撞击速度和后面板中心点的位移历史,给出了夹层板的变形与失效模式,研究了子弹冲量、面板厚度、泡沫芯层厚度及芯层密度对夹层板抗撞击性能的影响。结果表明,后面板中心点挠度最大,周边最小,整体变形为穹形,且伴有花瓣形的变形。参数研究表明,通过增加面板厚度或芯层厚度均能有效控制后面板的挠度,改善夹层板的能量吸收能力,结构响应对子弹冲量和芯层密度比较敏感。实验结果对多孔金属夹层结构的优化设计具有一定的参考价值。 更多还原     

One-dimensional response of sandwich plates to underwater shock loading

The one-dimensional shock response of sandwich plates is investigated for the case of identical face sheets separated by a compressible foam core. The dynamic response of the sandwich plates is analysed for front face impulsive loading, and the effect of strain hardening of the core material is determined. For realistic ratios of core mass to face sheet mass, it is found that the strain hardening capacity of the core has a negligible effect upon the average through-thickness compressive strain developed within the core. Consequently, it suffices to model the core as an ideally plastic-locking solid. The one-dimensional response of sandwich plates subjected to an underwater pressure pulse is investigated by both a lumped parameter model and a finite element (FE) model. Unlike the monolithic plate case, cavitation does not occur at the fluid-structure interface, and the sandwich plates remain loaded by fluid until the end of the core compression phase. The momentum transmitted to the sandwich plate increases with increasing core strength, suggesting that weak sandwich cores may enhance the underwater shock resistance of sandwich plates.     

The response of clamped sandwich plates with lattice cores subjected to shock loading

The dynamic response of clamped circular monolithic and sandwich plates of equal areal mass and thickness has been measured by loading the plates at mid-span with metal foam projectiles. The sandwich plates comprise AISI 304 stainless steel face sheets and either AL-6XN stainless steel pyramidal core or AISI 304 stainless steel square-honeycomb lattice core. The resistance to shock loading is quantified by the permanent transverse deflection at mid-span of the plates as a function of projectile momentum. It is found that the sandwich plates have a higher shock resistance than monolithic plates of equal mass, and the square-honeycomb sandwich plates outperform the pyramidal core plates. Three-dimensional finite element simulations of the experiments are in good agreement with the experimental measurements. The finite element calculations indicate that the ratio of loading time to structural response time is approximately 0.5. Consequently, the tests do not lie in the impulsive regime, and projectile momentum alone is insufficient to quantify the level of loading.     

Blast Performance of Sandwich Composites with In-Plane Compressive Loading

An experimental investigation was conducted to evaluate the dynamic performance of E-glass Vinyl Ester composite face sheet / foam core sandwich panels when subjected to pre-compression and subsequent blast loading. The sandwich panels were subjected to 0 kN, 15 kN and 25 kN of in plane compression respectively, prior to transverse blast wave loading with peak incident pressure of 1 MPa and velocity of 3 Mach. The blast loading was generated using a shock tube facility. During the experiments, a high-speed photographic system utilizing three digital cameras was used to acquire the real-time 3-D deformation of the sandwich panels. The 3D Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique was used to quantify the back face out-of-plane deflection and in-plane strain. The results showed that in-plane compressive loading facilitated buckling and failure in the front face sheet. This mechanism greatly reduced the blast resistance of sandwich composites.     

A lattice deformation based model of metallic lattice sandwich plates subjected to impulsive loading

A lattice structure deformation mechanism based theoretical model is developed to predict the dynamic response of square lattice sandwich plates under impulsive loading. The analytical model is established on the basis of the three-stage framework proposed by Fleck and Deshpande (2004). In the first stage, the impulse transmitted from air shock loading to the sandwich plates by fluid-structure interaction is analytically calculated. The lattice core suffers non-uniform compression in the second stage due to the clamped boundary conditions. The structure deformation mechanism is introduced in the lattice core compression and the analytical nominal stress–strain curve of core compression accords well with previous experimental results. In the final stage, the sandwich plate is analyzed as a continuum plate with non-uniform thickness deduced by inconsistent deformation of the front and back sheets.The experiment results of square metallic sandwich plates with tetrahedral lattice core are presented and compared with analytical prediction to validate the theoretical model. Good agreements are found between the predicted and testing results for both the impulse transmitted to the sandwich plates and the maximum deflection of the back face sheet.     

爆炸载荷下双向梯度仿生夹芯圆板的力学行为

基于王莲仿生面内梯度芯层,通过引入面外梯度,设计了一种双向梯度仿生夹芯圆板。在此基础上,运用ABAQUS有限元软件,对不同排列方式的双向梯度夹芯圆板在不同爆炸载荷作用下的响应进行了数值仿真,着重分析了不同仿生夹芯圆板的前后面板挠度、芯层压缩量、变形模式和能量吸收等特性,得到了一种抗爆性能较好的芯层排列方式。结果表明:相较于单一的面外梯度夹芯圆板,合理设计的双向梯度仿生夹芯圆板可以有效降低后面板挠度,并提高芯层的能量吸收。