A type of electro-optic Q-switch designed by using optically active crystal

A type of electro-optic Q-switch is designed by using optically active crystal La₃Ga₅SiO₁₄ (abbreviated as LGS), in which the polarization plane gyration and electro-optic effect exist simultaneously. The configuration of the Q-switch is based on the consideration that the total rotation angle of the polarization plane of the polarized laser is zero, while the laser in the cavity propagates through the Pockels cell back and forth. The Q-switch placed in a Nd^{3 +}:YAG laser behaves normally, like those without optical activity. Compared with the DKDP Q-switch, the LGS Q-switch has more superiorities, which make it a suitable replacement for the DKDP Q-switch in lasers with medium-output energy.     

10.6μm的CO2激光的电光频移

本文提出用CO₂激光器输出的线偏振光通过电光调制器和再生循环激光放大器,在不增大谐波分量条件下,可能大大提高转换效率,使电光频移具有广泛应用的可能性。在检验频移效果的实验中,用光束的自准往复和调制信号的空间延迟简化了实验装置。以简单的拍频方法分析了频移光的频率成分。 关键词：     

一种8行任意扫描的电光扫瞄器

 针对激光的快速智能扫描,综合利用晶体的双折射效应和电光效应,提出一种电控集成8行任意扫瞄的高速光扫描方案。主要由三级数字电光偏转器和8×1的周期性极化电光棱镜组构成,其中3个电光快门和3块双折射晶体构成三级数字偏转器,通过半波电压的控制实现行位置的转换,一定数目的周期性极化电光棱镜级联组成单行偏转器,通过控制电压进行单行扫描,根据电场施加方式可实现数字型或者连续型扫描。利用梯形结构的电光棱镜组设计了最大电压为5.822 kV时,扫描视场为17.256°的可通过联机控制进行任意行扫描的高速激光扫描器。     

脉冲激光探测平面目标特性对测距分布的影响

针对脉冲激光近程探测系统平面目标特性影响测距分布的问题,推导了平面目标脉冲响应方程和脉冲激光回波方程,分析了不同平面目标倾斜角、激光发射发散角和激光发射脉宽对激光回波展宽的影响.基于脉冲激光回波方程和恒阈值时刻鉴别方法,推导了平面目标的测距概率密度函数解析式,并理论仿真分析了不同平面目标倾斜角、激光发射功率、激光发射发散角及阈噪比对测距统计特性分布的影响.运用蒙特卡罗算法进行全波形模拟测距实验;搭建脉冲激光测距实验环境,进行20 m测距实验.实验结果表明:理论仿真、蒙特卡罗模拟实验与实际实验的测距概率密度分布基本一致,随着平面目标倾斜角的增大,测距均值和测距方差增大;当倾斜角度为0°,20°,40°,60°时,回波信噪比高于阈噪比,测距分布呈现高斯分布;当倾斜角度为70°时,回波信噪比低于阈噪比,分布不再呈现高斯分布,呈现上升沿缓下降沿陡的分布特性.研究结果为研究目标平面特性对脉冲激光探测测距分布的影响提供了理论依据.     

Pulse evolution in injection mode locked TECO2 lasers

The pulse train evolution in an injection mode locked TECO₂ laser has been investigated for a wide range of input pulse widths e.g., ranging from the cavity round-trip time to near the bandwidth-limited value for the system. Regimes in which pulse narrowing and pulse broadening occur have been identified and are discussed. The combined use of injection and saturable-absorber mode-locking techniques has produced reliable subnanosecond pulse trains from a large aperture TEACO₂ laser.     

利用Mach-Zehnder干涉仪提升啁啾脉冲信噪比

基于内置电光晶体的Mach-Zehnder干涉仪,利用Mach-Zehnder干涉仪双光束干涉原理和晶体的线性电光效应,提出了一种新的能有效提高啁啾脉冲信噪比的扫描滤波方法。定量分析了其扫描滤波谱特性,探讨了预脉冲噪声延时对信噪比提升效果的影响,并讨论了电光晶体的电压控制参数对信噪比提升效果的影响。研究结果表明:预脉冲噪声的延时和控制电压的变化会对滤波效果产生较大影响,利用该扫描滤波方法可将啁啾脉冲激光信噪比提升约2个量级,且信号光透过率高达95%以上。     

提升啁啾脉冲激光信噪比的扫描滤波方法

基于扫描滤波原理, 提出了一种新的用以提升啁啾脉冲激光信噪比(signal-to-noise, SNR)的光学扫描滤波方法. 针对内置电光晶体的Fabry-Perot标准具的扫描滤波方案, 定量分析了其扫描滤波谱特性, 详细讨论了Fabry-Perot标准具平行平板的镜面反射率和内置电光晶体类型对输出脉冲信噪比的影响, 并进一步探讨了控制电压变化对信噪比提升效果的影响. 结果表明, 扫描滤波器的透射窗口带宽越窄, 信噪比的提升效果越好; 为了保证输出效果, Fabry-Perot标准具平行平板反射率应大于0.9; 对于内置二次电光晶体钽铌酸钾晶体的Fabry-Perot标准具扫描滤波方案, 其外加电压较内置普通线性电光晶体的方案更低, 且更易于控制; 钽铌酸钾晶体构成组分的不同对滤波器效果的影响并不大, 而控制电压和信号光啁啾率的变化则会对滤波效果产生较大影响.     

Injection-Seeded 500 Hz Repetition Rate High Peak Power Single-Frequency Nd:YAG Laser for Mid-Infrared Generation

We develop an injection-seeded single-frequency neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser with 500 Hz repetition rate and high peak power. The laser construction is designed as seed injection and master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) including single-frequency master oscillator, extra-cavity frequency doubling crystal, and round-trip power amplifier. The master oscillator can emit 1,064 nm laser of 8.4 mJ with 6.8 ns pulse width at the pump energy equal to 23 mJ. A green laser energy of 1.1 mJ is obtained by setting the proper temperature of the LBO crystal. The pulse energy of 1,064 nm laser decreases to 6.5 mJ after passing through the LBO crystal and rises to 25.3 mJ after a round-trip power amplifier corresponding to the extraction efficiency of 29%. The final output pulse width is 6.5 ns, representing a peak power of 3.9 MW. The 1,064 nm laser beam quality factor M² of the master oscillator and the amplified one are 1.3 and 1.5, respectively. The laser will be used to generate mid-infrared where the 532 nm laser with narrow pulse width is to pump sheet optical parametric oscillator (OPO) and the 1,064 nm laser with high peak power to pump the OPO.     

Self-diffraction of frequency-modulated light in the Bi12TiO20 crystal

The self-diffraction of frequency-modulated light in the photorefractive B₁₂TiO₂₀ crystal was studied experimentally. To observe the effect, the crystal was illuminated by two light beams with the relative frequency shift Δf(t). In the experiments, linear frequency modulation was used: Δf(t) = At. As a result of the light self-diffraction on a hologram moving with a constant acceleration, the power of the light beams at the crystal output changed in the form of a chirp pulse. It was found that the pulse appears at the instant of stopping the interference pattern, and its duration is determined by the rate of frequency change A and the hologram recording time τ _sc .     

超薄靶激光质子加速实验研究

在超短超强飞秒SILEX-Ⅰ激光装置上,开展了薄膜靶激光质子加速的实验研究。实验发现激光预脉冲、靶厚度对质子加速有很大的影响。在激光强度3×1018~3×1019W/cm2条件下,采用前表面厚度为3μm铜、后表面镀4μm厚CH靶,质子的最大能量达到3.15 MeV。而对190 nm厚CH膜靶,质子的最大能量为0.54 MeV。初步研究了激光偏振对质子加速的影响,相同激光功率条件下,圆偏振激光加速产生的质子最大能量略低于P偏振打靶。这些结果与靶后鞘层加速机制相一致。     

Wave-coupling theory of linear electro-optic effect for ultrashort laser pulses

A wave-coupling theory of linear electro-optic (EO) effect for ultrashort laser pulses has been developed. As one of its applications, the linear EO effect of ultrashort Gaussian pulses propagating in LiNbO₃ crystal is demonstrated, with the intensity lower than the damage threshold. It is found that the EO effect is sensitive to both the azimuth angle and the polar angle of wave vector of light. And the larger the applied electric field, the shorter the crystal used for optimization of EO coupling is. The numerical results show that, with the duration of input pulse changing from 150 fs to 5 fs, the durations of output pulses are broadened due to the group-velocity dispersion, as well as the first- and second-order refractive dispersion. In addition, when input pulse duration is larger than 20 fs, in contrast with zero chirp, the output durations can be slightly compressed if a positive chirp input pulse is used. The validities of slowly varying amplitude approximation and continuous wave approximation are also discussed. The influence of self-phase modulation and cross-phase modulation on the EO effect is also discussed briefly.     

湍流中漫射目标偏振部分相干激光的闪烁特性

采用广义惠更斯-菲涅耳原理和矩阵光学理论,研究了湍流大气中偏振部分相干激光波束从发射机到目标和从目标到接收机双程路径的闪烁特性。将产生任意偏振光束的琼斯矩阵和ABCD传输矩阵进行结合,围绕接收机处波场四阶矩展开推导,得出双程路径下偏振部分相干激光波束在接收机处的闪烁指数表达式,数值分析了大气折射率结构常数、激光波束的波长、束宽、相干长度对接收机处光强闪烁指数的影响。结果表明:偏振部分相干激光波束的闪烁指数随着目标与发射机之间距离呈现先增大、到达峰值后逐渐减小的变化趋势;相干性差的光束产生的闪烁指数小,相干长度微小的变化将会产生较大的闪烁指数变化,相干性好的光束产生较大的闪烁指数,但是相干长度的变化对闪烁指数的影响很小。     

高频共振预探测多脉冲激光测距方法

在无合作目标激光测距中,提出了一种高频共振预探测和多脉冲相关处理对远目标距离进行高精度测量的技术方案.脉冲回波光电流信号经高频共振预探测电路进行放大滤波处理并转换为包含高精度定时特征点的高信噪比的双极性衰减振荡脉冲信号;之后利用多脉冲相关处理构造出的新脉冲函数进一步改善其信噪比.理论计算结果表明:最小可探测光脉冲电流仅为17 nA,与直接探测脉冲方法相比信噪比可提高60倍;在回波光电流脉冲峰值1:10000的动态范围内,走离误差小于0.1 ps.根据此原理研制出了脉冲激光测距仪,仪器在激光发射平均功率约为1 mW时,无合作目标测程大于2000 m,在1.5—300 m范围内测距精度达到±(3 mm+2 ppm),远目标测距精度为±(10 mm+10 ppm).该测距仪系统已用于全站仪产品中.     

基于内置电光晶体F P标准具的扫描滤波方法

基于内置电光晶体的F-P标准具,利用F-P多光束干涉原理和晶体的线性电光效应,提出了一种能有效提高啁啾脉冲信噪比的扫描滤波方法。给出了电光晶体加载电压的时变函数表达式,分析了影响信噪比提升效果的主要因素,并重点讨论了电光晶体的电压控制参数对信噪比提升效果和滤波器透过率的影响。研究结果表明,利用该扫描滤波方法可将啁啾脉冲激光信噪比提升约2个量级。     

基于光子数目比较的激光测距法

提出了一种新颖的激光测距方法。该方法避开了传统激光测距法中使用复杂辅助电子设备对脉冲计时或比较相位差的过程,而主要通过光学手段分析和提取待测距离信息,最终通过比较大量光子数目的方法求得待测距离。并利用单轴晶体的双折射和全内双反射性质,用特殊结构的单块LiNbO3晶体设计了实施该方法的主体装置。结果表明,该激光测距法同目前普遍使用的激光测距法相比,不但简化了结构,而且有很高的测距精度,从而为激光测距开拓了一种新的思路。     

边界主动加热管理平均功率普克尔盒热效应

建立了平均功率激光辐照下,边界主动加热的电光晶体内3维各向异性热传输有限元模型及其热应力双折射模型,在此基础上分析了等离子体普克尔盒热效应。提出了边界主动加热控制电光晶体横向温度梯度热管理思想,并给出平均功率普克尔盒的光开关性能。结果表明:对于50J/10Hz、光束口径为50mm×30mm的激光系统,普克尔盒最大退偏损耗为3.58%,平均退偏损耗为0.9%,波前畸变为1.59λ。采用边界加热控制后,当加热功率密度为500W/m2时,最大退偏损耗为0.17%、平均退偏损耗为0.05%、波前畸变为0.26λ,普克尔盒热效应显著降低,满足设计要求。     

激光测距机发射光学系统透射特性研究

为分析激光测距机发射光学系统透射特性对测距性能的影响,利用光线追迹公式和部分偏振光理论,得出了激光测距机发射光学系统透射率的定量解析式。针对发射光学系统特例,定量分析了其透射率与入射激光束偏振参量和几何光学参量间的关系。结果表明：随着入射角增加,激光束偏振参量对发射光学系统透射特性将产生较明显影响,当激光器发射的激光脉冲是随机的部分偏振光时将引起测距机发射激光脉冲能量的随机变化。     

空心锥状双高斯光束传输特性研究

建立了空心锥状双高斯光束的模型.在空心高斯光束模型的基础上,由初始光场的光强分布,利用柱坐标下的柯林斯公式,导出了空心锥状双高斯光束经过傍轴光学系统的解析传输变换式由传输变换式计算分析了空心锥状双高斯光束在自由空问的可控传输特性,及在1,10和60 m的截面光环的光强分布.用KNbO3双轴晶体进行实验,获得了空心锥状双高斯光束,外锥折射的锥角等于入射光会聚角.实验表明,当空心光束处于锥状发射状态时,空心光束的光环内黑斑面积随传输距离的增加而增加,实验结果与模型吻合较好.该研究为进一步设计制备基于空心锥状舣高斯光束的新型激光元件提供了理论依据和设计参量.     

用于直接驱动的快速变焦新方案

在直接驱动方式的惯性约束聚变装置中, 实现中心点火对靶丸的辐照均匀性要求极高. 然而, 在激光脉冲持续时间内, 由于激光与靶丸的相互作用致使靶丸逐渐缩小, 从而导致辐照均匀性降低以及交叉光束能量转移等不利因素增强, 进而影响点火的进展. 为此, 提出了用于直接驱动的快速变焦新方案, 即利用特殊设计的电光晶体及电极结构, 对激光束附加一个实时、快速变化的球面波前, 以控制打靶激光束的聚焦位置和焦斑大小, 从而达到提高靶面辐照均匀性和抑制交叉光束能量转移的目的. 通过建立快速变焦的理论模型, 并基于激光与靶丸相互作用物理过程的分析, 对焦斑尺寸、附加球面波曲率半径等参数随时间的变化规律进行了数值模拟和分析. 结果表明, 本文提出的快速变焦方案可有效地实现对焦斑与靶丸半径比的实时控制, 且对空间滤波器滤波效果及三倍频转换效率并无明显影响.     

678 nm RTP electro-optical Q-switched ceramic laser

The RTP electro-optical Q-switched ceramic laser at the wavelength of 678 nm with narrow pulse width is studied. We used the laser diode arrays side-pumped Nd:YAG ceramic crystal with 1.1 at% Nd doping and dimensions of Φ3 mm × 50 mm, designed folding cavity parameters, and discussed the variation of the beam radius in the ceramic crystal and frequency doubling crystal with the thermal focal length of ceramic crystal or KTP crystal. By using double RTP crystals as electro-optic Q-switch and KTP crystal type II phase matching for intracavity frequency-doubling, a narrow pulse width electro-optical Q-switched Nd:YAG ceramic laser was obtained. The output energy of 0.9 mJ and the pulse width of 41.6 ns at 678 nm are obtained at the repetition rate of 1000 Hz and pumped power of 144 W. The results formed the basis for the further development of the high power and high efficiency ceramic red laser.