Second harmonic stimulated Raman scattering of laser radiation in aplasma

A high-power linearly polarized laser propagating through a plasma produces oscillatory electron velocity at the second harmonic due to-the ν&oarr;×B&oarr; force, This velocity couples a Langmuir wave (ω, k&oarr;) and an electromagnetic wave (ω₁, k&oarr;₁), where ω₁=ω-2ω₀ , k-2k&oarr;₀ and ω₀, k&oarr;₀ are frequency and wavenumber of the laser pump, causing second harmonic Raman scattering. The growth rate is maximum for side scattering. This process can occur above the quarter critical density, unlike the first harmonic stimulated Raman scattering which occurs below the quarter critical density     

WKB solution for wave propagation in a time-varying magnetoplasmamedium: longitudinal propagation

The interaction of a right circularly polarized electromagnetic wave of frequency ω₀ with a switched-on-time-varying plasma medium, in the presence of a static magnetic field, is considered. Longitudinal propagation is assumed and ion motion is neglected. The electron density is assumed to vary slowly with time, and the solution is obtained through a WKB approximation. The main effect of switching the time-varying medium is the splitting of the original (incident) wave of frequency ω₀ into three new waves with time-varying frequencies. An exponentially increasing electron density profile is considered to illustrate the solution. The distinguishing feature of the presence of the static magnetic field is the creation of the third wave. The initial value of the instantaneous frequency ω₃ of this wave is equal to the gyrofrequency ω_b, and the final value depends on ω_b, ω₀, and the final value of the plasma frequency. ω₃ decreases with time for the profile under consideration     

On the amplification mechanism of the ion-channel laser

The amplification mechanism of the ion-channel laser (ICL) in the low-gain regime is studied. In this concept, a relativistic electron beam is injected into a plasma whose density is comparable to or lower than the beam's density. The head of the electron beam pushes out the plasma electrons, leaving an ion channel. The ion-focusing force causes the electrons to oscillate (betatron oscillations) about the axis and plays a role similar to the magnetic field in a cyclotron autoresonance maser (CARM). Radiation can be produced with wave frequencies from microwaves to X-rays depending on the beam energy and plasma density: ω~2γ^3/2ω_pe, where γ is the Lorentz factor of the beam and ω_pe is the plasma frequency. Transverse (relativistic) bunching and axial (conventional) bunching are the amplification mechanisms in ICLs; only the latter effect operates in free-electron lasers. The competition of these two bunching mechanisms depends on beam velocity ν_0z; their dependences on ν_0z cancel for the cyclotron autoresonance masers. A linear theory is developed to study the physical mechanisms, and a PIC (particle-in-cell) simulation code is used to verify the theory. The mechanism is examined as a possible explanation for experimentally observed millimeter radiation from relativistic electron beams interacting with plasmas     

On the effect of long-wavelength electron plasma waves onlarge-angle stimulated Raman scattering of short laser pulse in plasmas

Spectral features of a large-angle stimulated Raman scattering (LA SRS) of a short electromagnetic pulse in an underdense plasma, which are caused by the presence in a plasma of a given linear long-wavelength electron plasma wave (LW EPW), are investigated. It is shown that the LW EPW, whose phase velocity coincides with a group velocity of a pulse and a density perturbation normalized to a background electron density δn_LW/n₀ exceeds the ratio of the electron plasma frequency to the laser frequency ω_pe/ω₀ suppresses the well-known Stokes branch of the weakly coupled LA SRS. Under the same condition, the anti-Stokes band appears in the spectrum of the scattered radiation. Variation of a scattering angle and an electron temperature do not significantly modify qualitative features of the effect. In the case of strongly coupled LA SRS, the maximum of the increment is decreased by nearly one-half for δn_LW/n₀~(a₀ω_pe /ω₀)^2/3≫ω_pe /ω₀, where a₀ is an amplitude of an electron quiver velocity in the laser field normalized to a speed of light c, and it decreases further with an increase in plasma density perturbation in LW EPW     

Plasma effects in a free electron laser

The introduction of a plasma and a strong guide magnetic field in a free electron laser (FEL) slows down the phase velocity of radiation, significantly reducing the requirements on beam energy for generating frequencies below the electron-cyclotron frequency (ω₁≲ω_c). Around plasma resonance (ω₁~ω_p), the FEL mode couples to two-stream instability (TSI), attaining a large growth rate, comparable to that of the wiggler-free TSI. At plasma densities comparable to beam density, the beam-induced local depression in the electron density of the plasma acts as a waveguide for guiding any high-frequency radiation when the beam current is ≳17 kA     

Cold-Fluid Analysis of the Space-Charge Effects in an Electromagnetically Pumped Free-Electron Laser with an Axial-Guide Magnetic Field

The space-charge effects are analysed and five kinds of fluid waves are obtained in the e-beam density and the axial-current density for an electromagnetically pumped free-electron laser with an axial-guide magnetic field by using the cold-fluid theory. To enhance the gain, the guide field Bo must be in this regime: -2(ω_υ + cβ_x0k_ω) < Ω < -(ω_υ + cβ_x0k_ω), where Ω₀ = eB₀/mr₀ and ω_υ(k_ω) is the frequency (wave number) of the wiggler.     

Dark and Bright Solitons of Extraordinary Waves in Ferromagnetic Systems

It is shown that the slowly varying amplitudes of both high and low frequency extraordinary waves propagating perpendicular to the dc magnetic field in ferromagnetic systems are described by the nonlinear SchrEdinger equation. The extraordinary waves are modulationally stable (unstable) and may evolve as dark (bright) solitons as the frequency ω satisfies ω₀ < ω < ω_b or ω > ω₁(0 < ω < ω₀ or ω_a ≤ ω < ω₁), where ω_a, ω_b, ω₀ and w₁ are given in the text.     

以新型分子距边矢量ν估计和预测烷烃核磁共振碳谱(13C NMR)化学位移和(CSS)

系统研究了核磁共振碳谱与化学位移和规律,以及分子拓扑指数在定量[结]构[波]谱关系（QSSR）中的应用.本文基于矢量路径长度矢量p=（P₁, P₂, P₃,…, P_m）与分子中原子相互作用,提出了一种新型分子距边矢量并发现它与烷烃¹³C NMR 化学位移和有良好线性相关性, 回归方程及其统计参数为:
CSS=bν+p₃=Σ^m_j=0b_jν_j+b₁₀p₃=b₀ν+b₁ν₁+b₂ν₂+b₃ν₃+b₄ν₄+b₅ν₅+b₆ν₆+b₇ν₇+b₈ν₈+b₉ν9_ν+b₁₀P₃ =-13.6011+22.2133 ν₁+28.4121 ν₂+25.9416 ν₃+26.6709 ν₄+14.4976 ν₅+5.7240 ν₆-5.3830 ν₇-3.2152 ν₈-15.0213 ν₉-25.7099 ν₁₀+12.2786P₃ (n=63, R=0.9970, EV=99.68%, RMS=3.7348, F=2418.2; 交互校验CV为: R=0.9893, EV=98.83%, RMS=7.1261, F=664.046); 结果良好.     

极化检测型铷原子磁力仪的研究

针对交变弱磁场的检测,研制了一种基于极化-检测双光束结构的激光抽运铷原子磁力仪.为了获得该磁力仪对磁场的响应特性,通过数值仿真分析了信号幅度随极化磁场强度、弛豫时间的变化关系,并进行了实验验证.最后通过选择合适的极化磁场使磁力仪对待测磁场的灵敏度最大.实验结果表明,优化后磁力仪灵敏度为0.2pT/(Hz)~(1/2),响应带宽3.5kHz,可用于弱磁场磁共振、高频异常物理现象等信号的检测.     

Analysis of the deflection system for a magnetic-field-immersedmagnicon amplifier

A linear analysis of the electron-beam deflection system in a magnicon amplifier is presented. The system consists of identical cavities, one driven and the remainder passive, separated by a drift space and immersed in an axial magnetic field. The cavities contain a rotating TM₁₁₀ mode. The length of each cavity is πν _z/ω, and that of the drift space is πν_z/ω_c, where ω is the RF frequency, ω_c is the relativistic gyrofrequency in the guide field, and ν_z is the mean axial velocity of the beam electrons. The linearized electron orbits are obtained for arbitrary initial axial velocity, radial coordinate, and magnetic field. The small-signal gain and the phase shift are determined. The special case where ω_c/ω=2 has unique features and is discussed in detail. For the NRL magnicon design, a power gain of 10 dB per passive cavity is feasible. Results from numerical modeling of a magnicon with two passive cavities are presented. Operation of the output cavity at the fundamental and higher harmonics of the input drive frequency is briefly discussed     

Effect of a high-frequency field on the reflection of ion acousticwaves from the sheath at a grid

Experiments are described which show that the reflection coefficient for ion acoustic waves (IAW) from the sheath at a grid is affected by an HF electric field with a frequency f_HF≲5f_pi(f_pi =ion plasma frequency). For peak-to-peak amplitudes of the HF voltage drop across the sheath Φ₀≲k_B T_e/e and f_HF>f _pi, the energy distribution of the ions passing through the grid develops a hot tail and the reflected wave suffers enhanced Landau damping. If Φ₀≳k_BT_e/e and f_HF<f_pi, a large-amplitude IAW is excited at the grid; a well-defined ion beam is formed; and local growth of the reflected wave is observed. Test waves launched from the grid show the same propagation characteristics as the reflected waves     

Optimal configuration for vibration frequencies in a ring of harmonic oscillators: The nonidentical mass effect

The parameter diversity effect in coupled nonidentical elements has attracted persistent interest in nonlinear dynamics. Of fundamental importance is the so-called optimal configuration problem for how the spatial position of elements with different parameters precisely determines the dynamics of the whole system. In this work, we study the optimal configuration problem for the vibration spectra in the classical mass–spring model with a ring configuration, paying particular attention to how the configuration of different masses affects the second smallest vibration frequency (ω₂) and the largest one (ω_N). For the extreme values of ω₂ and ω_N, namely, (ω₂)min, (ω₂)max, (ω_N)min, and (ω_N)max, we find some explicit organization rules for the optimal configurations and some approximation rules when the explicit organization rules are not available. The different distributions of ω₂ and ω_Nare compared. These findings are interesting and valuable for uncovering the underlying mechanism of the parameter diversity effect in more general cases.     

Multimode simulations without particles in the quasi-opticalgyrotron

A set of coupled nonlinear differential equations, involving the slow amplitude and phase variation for each mode, is used to simulate the multimode dynamics in the quasi-optical gyrotron. The interaction among various modes is mediated by coupling coefficients of known analytic dependence on the normalized current I, the interaction length μ, and the frequency detunings Δ_i corresponding to the competing frequencies ω_i. The equations include all the possible resonant combinations of up to four different frequencies, ω_i-ω_j+ω _k-ω_l≃0, among a set of N participating modes, keeping terms up to fifth order in the wave amplitudes. The formalism is quite general and can be used to study mode competition, the existence of a final steady state and its stability, and its accessibility from given initial conditions. It is shown that when μ/β_⊥≫1, μ can be eliminated as an independent parameter. The control space is then reduced to a new normalized current I and the desynchronism parameters ν_i=Δ_iμ for the interacting frequencies. Numerical simulations for cold beams of various cross sections demonstrate that ν_i is the most important parameter for the system behavior. Overmoding is not determined by the frequency separation δω among the cavity modes per se, but by the separation among the corresponding desynchronism parameters     

Third-Order Optical Nonlinearity in Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides

We present a detailed calculation of the linear and nonlinear optical response of four types of monolayer twodimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), having the formula MX₂ with M=Mo, W and X=S, Se. The calculations are based on 6-band tight-binding model of TMDCs, and then performing a semi-classical perturbation analysis of response functions. We numerically calculate the linear χ_μν⁽¹⁾ (-ω;ω) and nonlinear surface susceptibility tensors χ_μνζη⁽³⁾(-ω_Σ; ω_r; ω_s; ω_t) with ω_Σ=ω_r+ω_s+ω_t. Both non-degenerate and degenerate cases are studied for thirdharmonic generation and nonlinear refractive index, respectively. Computational results obtained with no external fitting parameters are discussed regarding two recent reported experiments on MoS₂, and thus we can confirm the extraordinarily strong optical nonlinearity of TMDCs. As a possible application, we demonstrate generation of a π/4-rotated squeezed state by means of nonlinear response of TMDCs, in a silica micro-disk resonator covered with the 2D material. Our proposed method will enable accurate calculations of nonlinear optical response, such as four-wave mixing and highharmonic generation in 2D materials and their heterostructures, thus enabling study of novel functionalities of 2D photonic integrated circuits.     

一个新的自由能函数对介电高弹薄膜的多组等双轴预拉伸下力电耦合实验的预测

当介电高弹聚合物薄膜被施以面内等双轴预拉伸后, 受到厚度方向的电压作用时, 薄膜在力场和电场共同作用下产生大变形. 电场采用Maxwell应力分析, 力场采用橡胶弹性模型分析. 拟合这类变形的常用橡胶弹性模型主要有Neo-Hookean, Arruda-Boyce, Gent等模型. 这些模型对实验数据的定量拟合存在不同程度的偏差. 通过对实验数据的分析, 结合数学方法, 提出了一个新的自由能函数模型. 通过该模型对VHB4905介电高弹聚合物薄膜的多组等双轴预拉伸电力耦合实验进行拟合, 并以Neo-Hookean, Gent模型作为对照, 结果与实验数据拟合很好, 比对照模型的偏差明显缩小.     

Rashba自旋-轨道相互作用影响下量子盘中强耦合磁极化子性质的研究

本文基于Lee-Low-Pines幺正变换法,采用Tokuda改进的线性组合算符法研究了Rashba自旋-轨道相互作用效应下量子盘中强耦合磁极化子的性质.结果表明,磁极化子的相互作用能Eint的取值随量子盘横向受限强度ω0、外磁场的回旋频率ωc、电子-LO声子耦合强度α和量子盘厚度L的变化均与磁极化子的状态性质密切相关;磁极化子的平均声子数N随ωc,ω0和α的增加而增大,随L的增加而振荡减小;在Rashba自旋-轨道相互作用效应影响下磁极化子的有效质量将劈裂为m*+,m*-两种,它们随ωc,ω0和α的增加而增大,随L的增加而振荡减小;在研究量子盘中磁极化子问题时,电子-LO声子耦合和Rashba自旋-轨道相互作用效应的影响不可忽略,但Rashba自旋-轨道相互作用和极化子效应对磁极化子的影响只有在电子运动的速率较慢时显著.     

以新型原子距边矢量ν估计和预测烷烃核磁共振碳谱(13C NMR)化学位移(CSC)

系统研究了核磁共振碳谱与化学位移和规律,以及分子拓扑指数在定量[结]构[波]谱关系（QSSR）中的应用. 本文基于分子路径长度矢量p=（P₁, P₂, P, …, P_m）与分子中原子相互作用, 提出了一种新型原子距边矢量并发现它与烷烃¹³C NMR 化学位移有良好线性相关性, 回归方程及其统计参数为: CSC=aν+ap₃=∑^m_j=0a_jν_j+a₁₀p₃=a₀(ν₀₌₁)+a₁ν₁+a₂ν₂+a₃ν₃+a₄ν₄+bP₃, R>0.990, EV=94.5%, RMS<0.772, F=49.069-3513.18, 结果良好.     

垂直载荷下颗粒物质的声波探测和非线性响应

对于玻璃珠组成的颗粒介质样品,本文测量了横波和纵波声速,同时分析了剪切模量(G)与体积模量(B)的比值(G/B)随压强的变化规律.结果表明,在低压强下,颗粒体系的纵波声速(C_L)明显大于横波声速(c_T),且体系的CL,CT及G/B均随压强p变化呈幂律标度,即CL∝p~(0.3817),CT∝p~(0.2809)G/B∝p~(-0.4539),幂指数与文献[1]中预言的-1/2非常接近,暗示在我们实验压强范围内的颗粒样品处于L玻璃状态.此外,本文还利用快速傅里叶变换法测量了玻璃珠样品中的声学衰减特性及二阶谐波随压强的变化,发现:纵波声衰减系数(α)、接收端二倍频振幅(μ_(2ω))与基频振幅(μ_(1ω))平方的比值(μ_(2ω)/μ_(1ω)~2)均随压强的增大而幂率减小,分别为α∝p~-(-0.1879),和μ_(2ω)/μ_(1ω)~2∝p~(-0.866).     

A slow wave free-electron laser

A simple calculation of a free-electron laser in the Compton regime that uses a dielectric-lined waveguide is presented. The introduction of a dielectric lining in a free-electron laser considerably reduces the requirements on beam voltage for generating a given frequency ω₁=k₀c/(1 - v_b η/c), where k₀ is the wiggler wave period η is the effective index of refraction (1<η<√ϵ) and ϵ is the permittivity. The system supports electromagnetic waves whose Poynting flux is largely concentrated in the dielectric; hence the electron beam is required to propagate close to the dielectric lining. The mode structure and dispersion behavior of the guiding system without the beam are discussed. a thin annular beam is introduced, and a perturbation theory is used to obtain the frequency and growth rate of radiation     

Alternating-current relaxation of a rotating metallic particle

Based on a first-principles approach,we establish an alternating-current(AC) relaxation theory for a rotating metallic particle with complex dielectric constant ε_α=ε_α-iσ_α/ω_0.Here εα is the real part,σ_α the conductivity,ω_0 the angular frequency of an AC electric field,and i=-1~(1/2).Our theory yields an accurate interparticle force,which is in good agreement with the existing experiment.The agreement helps to show that the relaxations of two kinds of charges,namely,surface polarized charges(described by ε_α) and free charges(corresponding to σ_α),contribute to the unusually large reduction in the attracting interparticle force.This theory can be adopted to determine the relaxation time of dynamic particles in various fields.