鼻咽癌高低发区中钙与鼻咽癌发病关系再调查的结果

报告了１９９４～１９９５年间在鼻咽癌高发区（四会）与低发区（梅州）进行钙与鼻咽癌发病关系的再次调查结果．高发区的井水钙低，正常人的血清钙亦低，差异有显著性意义；鼻咽癌病人的血清钙又低于正常人，Ｐ＜０．０５；上述结论与９３年的研究结果一致。四会境内肝及消化道恶性肿瘤死亡率不存在地区性差异，提示钙与鼻咽癌发病有密切关系。     

离子色谱法测定饮用水中的钠、镁、钙

人体内钠、镁、钙的含量对人体的健康有很大影响。实验表明,高血压与过量摄入钠有关;饮用含钙量低的水,会增高结肠、直肠癌的发病率;人体内镁含量过高,则会使肾炎、关节炎的发病率增高。我国2000年城镇供水水质目标项目中增加了钠、镁、钙的含量指标。笔者用离子色谱法测定了水中的钠、镁、钙离子。 1 实验部分 1.1 主要仪器与试剂 离子色谱仪:DX-300型,附带电导检测器,美     

悬浮液进样—火焰原子吸收光谱法直接测定大豆粉中的钙

钙是人体内极为重要的元素之一，缺钙会产生多种疾病，将样品制成悬浮液直接进样，在非火焰原子吸收光谱法中已有应用，我们将悬浮液进样技术应用于火焰原子吸收光谱法，成功地测定了大豆粉中的钙．，方法简便．１实验部分１．１仪器和试剂ＨＧ－９００２型原子吸收分光光...     

儿童补钙过度也致病

钙是人体必需的微量元素，它可以促进骨骼和牙齿的生长，使之坚硬，钙缺乏往往易患佝偻病。但是儿童摄取过量的钙，会使血压偏低，成年后有患心脏病的危险。     

EDTA容量法测定硅钡钙合金中钡

硅钡钙合金是一种在硅铁中加入钡和钙元素的新型合金,主要应用于铸造工业中作为孕育剂,目前还未制定出相应的国家标准和行业标准,对于其中测定钡元素的方法,文献报道有ICP-AES法和原子吸收法。而前法需贵重仪器,难以普及,只能测定低含量钡,后法由于在553.6nm处会发生氢氧化钙带背景吸收干扰,从而影响测定结果的准确度和精度。本文介绍一种采用EDTA容量法测定硅钡钙合金中钡元素的简便方法。     

中国正常成年人体内的钙含量

用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了１００例中国正常成年人体内２０个器官组织中的钙含量。结果表明,我国男性成年人体内总Ｃａ含量仅为ＩＣＲＰ参考人的６０％,各器官组织中的Ｃａ浓度也皆低于ＩＣＲＰ参考人及亚洲一些国家的数值。初步分析认为,我国正常成年人体内的缺钙问题,主要与我国食品中Ｃａ的摄入量不足有关。     

返滴定法测定牛磺酸钙中的钙

测定合成牛磺酸钙 (Ca(NH2 CH2 CH2 SO3) 2 )中的钙含量 ,常采用在 p H1 0的氨 -氯化铵缓冲溶液中用铬黑 T作指示剂、EDTA标准溶液直接滴定的方法。终点附近溶液颜色变化不明显 ,难以判断 ,造成很大的分析误差。试验过程中观察到牛磺酸钙中加入铬黑 T指示剂后经数分钟才逐渐变色。初步推测可能是牛磺酸根对钙离子有一定的配位作用 ,使 EDTA测定钙的稳定常数减小 ,导致滴定突跃范围缩小 ,终点颜色变化不敏锐。为此 ,改用返滴定法。首先加入过量 EDTA标准溶液 ,加热反应后 ,再用过量的 Zn2 +标准溶液滴定剩余的EDTA,终点由蓝色变…     

光度滴定法测定苦土中钙

在pH为10的NH_3-NH_4Cl缓冲溶液中,以紫脲酸铵为指示剂,于505nm波长处用EGTA光度滴定苦土试液中钙,获得满意结果(CV<4％,加标回收率为99.5％～100.8％)。     

儿童钙代谢有哪些特点

对于3～7岁的儿童来说，钙的摄取是非常重要的。因为钙入人体后，首先面临的是消化和吸收的问题。虽然儿童的消化器官较3岁以前发育得更完善，功能也增强不少，但仍然很娇嫩，对于一般食品中钙盐的解离仍是一大难题。因此，营养学家提倡要尽量给孩子多喝牛奶，除了母乳以外，牛奶是首屈一指的理想钙来源。牛奶里的钙很容易被人体解离并很快被吸收。如果孩子不喝牛奶，可选择含离子钙较多的钙剂来补充营养。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法连续测定蘑菇中钙镁

钙、镁是人体所必需的常量元素 ,一旦缺乏 ,人体的生命活动就会发生障碍 ,引起某些疾病。蘑菇是生活中常用的食品 ,研究钙和镁的含量具有实际意义。本文用火焰原子吸收光谱法在同一体系中完成了对钙和镁的连续测定 ,方法简单、快速 ,精密度和准确度高 ,结果满意。1　试验部分1 .1　主要仪器与试剂AAS950 2 C型原子吸收光谱仪钙和镁标准储备液 :均为 1 mg·ml-1镧盐溶液 :1 0 0 g· L-1试剂为光谱纯、优级纯 ,水为去离子水。1 .2　试样制备将新鲜蘑菇用水洗净 ,再用水冲洗 ,放入洁净容器中 ,于 1 0 5°C恒温烘干 ,取出研成粉末 ,置于干燥…     

N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖的合成和性质研究

采用多段升温法将壳聚糖改性,合成了取代度为1.84、平均分子量为3.08×105、等电点为7.28的N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖(CMC),分别用紫外光谱、红外光谱、荧光光谱对其结构进行了表征,并对其水溶液的Zeta电位、电导率、表面张力以及水分散体系中羧甲基壳聚糖微粒的粒径分布进行了研究.结果表明, N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖具有表面活性;介质的pH值和浓度对羧甲基壳聚糖溶液的稳定性有很大的影响.     

水性聚氨酯的制备及其性能的研究

本文以琥珀酸酐与三羟甲基丙烷反应,制得了含有羟基和羧基的酯类亲水性单体,并以此单体与ＴＤＩ和ＰＰＧ－１０００反应,制得了含有羧基的聚氨酯预聚体,在三乙醇胺水溶液中分散得到了水性聚氨酯（简称ＷＰＵ）。本文对预聚体的溶剂种类和用量,对乳胶粒的大小及形状的影响进行了研究,确认溶剂的用量越大,乳胶的粒径就越小;以丙酮作溶剂,乳胶粒为棒状或橄榄球状,而以丁酮为溶剂,得到的乳胶粒为圆球状。通过改变亲水单体的用     

钾盐矿床中含石膏盐分析方法的研究

由于现行标准《岩石矿物分析规程》(DZG93-08)对含石膏钾盐样品分析方法的叙述较为粗略,同时没有国家一级有证标准物质进行质量监控,因此在测定含石膏钾盐样品时较为困难。本文讨论了溶矿温度、称样量、以及放置时间对含石膏钾盐样品溶解的影响。得出在称样量为0.5000g,水温80℃,放置时间为24小时,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定,以样品中各组分百分数加和、溶液中元素阴阳离子平衡以及加标回收实验进行数据质量监控。测试数据符合《地质矿产实验室测试质量管理规范》对钾盐样品分析质量的要求。     

Wastewater treatment using nanomaterial quaternary photocatalyst ZrCdPbO4 - Removal of colour pollutant by an eco friendly process

Pollution of environment is a major issue and has drawn attention of researchers throughout the globe. Water is polluted by various means like excretion of various industries and house releases, for example release of yarn, paper, and cloth industries etc. Present investigation consists of removal of such a pollutant. For this, synthesis of a novel quaternary nano particle sized photocatalyst ZrCdPbO₄ is carried and its characterization by different analytical techniques is also carried out. This is further used for removal of colour pollutants from the environment and Erythrosine-B is considered as a role model. Effect of various operational parameters like pH, concentration of dye, amount of photocatalyst, irradiation power etc. is studied, maximum degradation condition is extracted, and it is observed that reaction follows pseudo first order kinetics. Scavenger study suggests the participation of OH free radical in the reaction. Complete degradation of the dye in presence of light and photocatalyst is reported here by. Reusability of the photocatalyst is tested and is found to work up to five cycles efficiently.     

聚苯胺薄膜电极上示差脉冲伏安法可逆波理论研究

本文提出了聚苯胺(PANI)薄膜电极上示差脉冲伏安法可逆波理论,经验证理论和实验结果相符合.     

用计算全息法检测卡塞格林系统主镜

为实现对卡塞格林光学系统中的非球面主镜表面面形的高精度检测,设计了一种二元位相型计算全息图(CGH)。介绍了工作原理,对CGH的相位模型参数的优化设计、衍射次级分离以及台阶位置与深度计算等关键问题进行了讨论。通过引入虚拟玻璃的概念快速建立非球面检测模型,针对卡塞格林系统主镜中心开孔的特点,通过加入同轴载波实现了衍射次级的完全分离,相比目前常用的倾斜载波方法简化了相位量化复杂度,数值仿真计算出了最优的台阶深度,降低了加工难度。给出了相应的设计方法及实例,研制投产了CGH。测试得到主镜面形的均方根误差为0.018λ,并与传统补偿器结果(RMS=0.019λ)进行对比,两者测试结果吻合,验证了该设计与检测方法的正确性,该设计方法简单快捷,适用于卡塞格林光学系统主镜面形检测。     

微波消解-ICP-MS测定电镀污泥中的重金属

采用微波消解系统对某电镀污泥进行消解,利用ICP-MS对污泥中的重金属进行测定。称取制备后样品,置于消解罐中充分反应后,赶酸、定容后利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法进行测定。电镀污泥中的铬为18845.2mg/kg、镉为10.3mg/kg、镍为5200.0mg/kg、铅为189.7mg/kg、铜为3271.7mg/kg、锌为49632.6mg/kg。测定结果表明所检测项目工作曲线线性关系好,相关系数r均大于0.999。铬加标回收率在91.6～97.7%之间、镉加标回收率在92.0～97.0%之间、镍加标回收率在95.1～98.0%之间、铅加标回收率在94.3～95.2%之间、铜加标回收率在97.1～102%之间、锌加标回收率在96.3～98.7%之间,均满足相关测定要求。计算的潜在生态危害系数、潜在生态危害指数结果表明,电镀污泥中的铬、镉、铅、铜、锌为轻微生态危害,镍为强生态危害;潜在生态危害指数RI计算值为216.69,属于中等生态危害。     

Interaction of graphene with antipsychotic drugs: Is there any charge transfer process?

Antipsychotics represent an effective therapy for schizophrenia (a chronic mental disorder). Their benefits are related to the interaction of the drugs with dopamine D2 receptor (D2R). Antipsychotics are classified as agonists or antagonists. One of the working hypotheses is that there is a charge transfer process between the drugs and the receptors, which is different for agonists and antagonists. To have more insight into the nature of the interaction of these molecules and the differences between agonists and antagonists, we analyze the interaction of graphene with three molecules: dopamine, pramipexole (an agonist of dopamine), and risperidone (an antagonist of dopamine). The idea is to use graphene as a simple model to analyze the charge transfer process of these three drugs. Optimized structures, atomic charges, and Density of States results indicate that global charges of dopamine and pramipexole are similar, while for risperidone, it is more than double. Pramipexole is an agonist, and the charge transfer process is similar to that of dopamine. Risperidone is an antagonist, and the charge transfer process is different from dopamine. The charge transfer is more significant with risperidone than with dopamine, and this could be related to the mechanism of action. This is in agreement with the working hypotheses that establish that it is possible to distinguish between agonists and antagonists since they have different capacity to transfer charge.     

Facile Electrochemical Hydrogenation and Chlorination of Glassy Carbon to Produce Highly Reactive and Uniform Surfaces for Stable Anchoring of Thiolated Molecules

Carbon is a highly adaptable family of materials and is one of the most chemically stable materials known, providing a remarkable platform for the development of tunable molecular interfaces. Herein, we report a two‐step process for the electrochemical hydrogenation of glassy carbon followed by either chemical or electrochemical chlorination to provide a highly reactive surface for further functionalization. The carbon surface at each stage of the process is characterized by AFM, SEM, Raman, attenuated total reflectance (ATR) FTIR, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electroanalytical techniques. Electrochemical chlorination of hydrogen‐terminated surfaces is achieved in just 5 min at room temperature with hydrochloric acid, and chemical chlorination is performed with phosphorus pentachloride at 50 °C over a three‐hour period. A more controlled and uniform surface is obtained using the electrochemical approach, as chemical chlorination is observed to damage the glassy carbon surface. A ferrocene‐labeled alkylthiol is used as a model system to demonstrate the genericity and potential application of the highly reactive chlorinated surface formed, and the methodology is optimized. This process is then applied to thiolated DNA, and the functionality of the immobilized DNA probe is demonstrated. XPS reveals the covalent bond formed to be a C?S bond. The thermal stability of the thiolated molecules anchored on the glassy carbon is evaluated, and is found to be far superior to that on gold surfaces. This is the first report on the electrochemical hydrogenation and electrochemical chlorination of a glassy carbon surface, and this facile process can be applied to the highly stable functionalization of carbon surfaces with a plethora of diverse molecules, finding widespread applications.     

神华煤直接液化残渣热解特性研究

通过热重分析技术考察了神华煤直接液化残渣的热解特性。结果表明,和煤热解相比,在相同条件下残渣热解具有更大的失重率和失重速率。残渣热失重分为三个阶段,在173℃以前为残渣热解第一阶段;从173℃～510℃是残渣热解第二阶段,此阶段为残渣的主要失重阶段;510℃以后是残渣热解的第三阶段,在这个阶段残渣继续失重,此阶段的失重是由于残渣的二次分解和残渣中的矿物质分解造成的。通过比较脱油前后残渣热失重曲线发现,残渣主要失重是由于残渣中重质油、沥青烯以及前沥青烯的热解以及挥发造成的。通过脱灰残渣的热解发现,与原残渣相比,脱灰后残渣的失重量变小,矿物质的分解和残渣中有机组分的缩聚是温度高于649℃以后残渣失重的主要原因。由热解特征参数看出,脱油残渣的初始热解温度、最大失重温度以及剧烈热解终温均高于原煤,说明和原煤相比,脱油后残渣中惰性组分不易热解。与原煤和四氢呋喃脱油渣相比,残渣具有最大的失重速率,这是由于残渣中含有大量重质油、沥青烯以及前沥青烯造成的。