The influence of a magnetic field on the mosaic spread and growth rate of small Rochelle salt crystals

The growth rates of small (length <1 mm) crystals of Rochelle salt grown with and without a magnetic field have been measured at constant supersaturation (4%). It has been shown that some crystals grown in the presence of a magnetic field exhibit a decrease in the linear growth rate in the [010] direction relative to that shown under normal conditions. It was further noticed that a few crystals of the total number showed slight increases in growth rate. The fact that a majority of crystals showed a decrease in growth rate has given rise to speculations that this should be caused by an increase of strain (mosaic spread), resulting from a change of the mode of incorporation of the growth units into the crystal surface brought about by the applied magnetic field. The results show that most of crystals grown in the magnetic field have a higher mosaic spread and lower growth rate than observed during growth without an applied field. An increase in growth rate in the presence of the magnetic field, observed for a few crystals, might be explained by the relaxation of this strain by formation of dislocations, which in turn enhance the growth rate.     

Lowering of the Magnetic Fréedericksz transition threshold in nematic liquid crystals doped with ferromagnetic nanoparticles

We show that magnetic colloids could increase the coupling of a liquid crystal to a week magnetic field. Magnetic Fréedericksz transition in a planarly oriented nematic liquid crystal doped with spherical ferromagnetic nanoparticles is considered theoretically. It is shown that even spherical nanoparticles could decrease a threshold of this transition because they strongly increase the magnetic field in the medium. This phenomenon indicates the possibility to use the considered system in magneto-optical displays.     

Magneto-optical activity of a one-dimensional photonic crystal with a magnetic defect

The influence of a magnetic defect on the field distribution and magneto-optical properties of a one-dimensional photonic crystal has been investigated. It has been shown that the maximum localization of the wave field in the defect layer is achieved in an asymmetric photonic crystal structure. A greater Faraday rotation, which significantly exceeds the angle of rotation of the polarization plane in an isolated magnetized layer, and a higher degree of localization of the wave field can be achieved when the magnetic layer is surrounded by layers of photonic crystal mirrors with a lower refractive index. An increase in the Faraday rotation angle is determined not only by an increase in the thickness of the magnetic defect but also by a symmetric increase in the number of periods in the photonic crystal mirrors.     

定向凝固生长对Ni-Mn-Ga-RE (RE=TbSm)合金磁感生应变的影响

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Weak magnetic field behavior of photon echo in a LuLiF4:Er3+ crystal

We report the first observation and study of the photon echo in Er³⁺:LuLiF₄. The energy transition is ⁴ I _15/2 → ⁴ F _9/2 (λ = 6536 Å). The density of ErF₃ is 0.025 wt %. The operation temperature is 1.9 K. Measurements were made at low (up to 1200 Oe) and even zero external magnetic fields. We studied the behavior of the photon echo intensity vs. the magnetic field magnitude and direction about the crystal axis C and vs. the laser pulse separation t ₁₂ and observed an exponential growth and then, after a certain plateau, an exponential decrease in the photon echo intensity as a function of magnetic field upon increasing the magnetic field from zero. The parameters describing the exponential growth and decrease are independent of the direction of magnetic field. The value of the magnetic field (～20–200 Oe) at which the echo intensity is maximal and the value of the maximum itself decrease with increasing pulse separation t ₁₂ and the angle Θ between the magnetic field and crystal axis. The echo intensity decreases exponentially with increasing Θ. The parameter describing the exponential decrease is independent of the magnitude of the field. The echo intensity as a function of pulse separation shows exponential decay. The phase relaxation time depends on the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field. T ₂ is equal to 202 ± 16 ns at zero magnetic field. A phenomenological formula is suggested, which qualitatively presents the mentioned dependences, and the polarization properties of the backward photon echo in this crystal are studied. Because the ion of trivalent erbium is an optimum data carrier, the above results show that fine control of the multichannel transfer of processed optical information may be achieved by weak magnetic fields.     

Influence of surface on the effective magnetic fields in α-Fe2O3 and FeBO3

First measurements of the effective magnetic fields as a function of the depth at which the iron ions are in the surface layer of α-Fe₂O₃ and FeBO₃ single crystals are reported. The method used is the depth-selective conversion-electron Mössbauer spectroscopy. An analysis of experimental spectra revealed that the magnetic properties of the crystal surface vary smoothly from the bulk to surface characteristics within a layer ～100 nm thick. The layers lying below ～100 nm from the surface are similar in properties to the bulk of the crystal, and their spectra consist of narrow lines. The spectral linewidths increase smoothly as one approaches the crystal surface. The spectra obtained from a ～10-nm thick surface layer consist of broad lines indicating a broad distribution of effective magnetic fields. Calculations show that the field distribution width in this layer is δ=2.1(3) T, for an average value H _eff=32.2(4) T. It has been experimentally established that, at room temperature (291 K), the effective magnetic fields smoothly decrease as one approaches the crystal surface. The effective fields in a 2.4(9)-nm surface layer of α-Fe₂O₃ crystals are lower by 0.7(2)% than the fields at the ion nuclei in the bulk of the sample. In the case of FeBO₃, the effective fields decrease by 1.2(3)% in a surface layer 4.9(9) nm thick.     

Magnetic properties of the bond and crystal field dilution Blume-Emery-Griffiths model in the presence of magnetic field

The magnetic properties of the spin-1 bond and crystal field dilution Blume-Emery-Griffiths (BEG) model in the presence of magnetic field are investigated on a simple cubic lattice by using effective field theory (EFT). In the M-H plane, the common action of bond and crystal field dilution leads to the exhibition of an irregular initial magnetization curve and slows down the magnetization process. The peak of the susceptibility curve has an explicit decline and shows a distinct shift toward the direction of increase of magnetic field. On the other hand, in the M-T plane, the magnetization curves show a discontinuity and a vertical leap in the small range of magnetic field when the negative crystal field is larger and the ratio of biquadratic and exchange interaction is positive (α>0). These results have not been revealed in previous works.     

旋转磁场对凝固组织形成的影响

研究了旋转磁场作用下Pb-45%Sn亚共晶合金的凝固组织.实验发现,旋转磁场的频率恒定时,凝固组织的晶粒尺寸随着磁场强度的增强而线性减小,同时,初生相的生长形态从枝晶转变为椭球状.X射线测试结果表明,初生相Pb发生了点阵膨胀,并且晶格常数随着磁场强度的增强先变大后减小,磁场强度在此存在一个临界值.能谱分析显示,随着磁场强度的增强,初生相Pb内Sn的含量逐渐降低.根据电磁场理论和扩散定律,对上述现象进行了理论分析,揭示出旋转磁场引起了液相强烈流动,加快了溶质原子的扩散以及对熔体的加热效应,导致了形核率的提高和长大速度的降低. 关键词： 旋转磁场 液相流动 晶格常数 溶质分配     

Evolution from a localized to an intermediate valence regime in Ce2Cu(2-x)Ni(x)In

Polycrystalline samples of the solid solution Ce2Cu(2-x)Ni(x)In were studied by means of x-ray powder diffraction, magnetic susceptibility and electrical resistivity measurements performed in a wide temperature range. Partial substitution of copper atoms by nickel atoms results in a quasi-linear decrease of the lattice parameters and the unit cell volume of the system. The lattice compression leads to an increase in the exchange integral and yields a reversal in the order of the magnetic 4f(1) and nonmagnetic 4f(0) states, being in line with the Doniach phase diagram. In the localized regime, where an interplay of the Kondo scattering and the crystalline electric field effect occurs, the rise in the hybridization strength is accompanied by a relative reduction in the scattering conduction electrons on excited crystal field levels.     

Enhancement of the magnetorefractive effect in magnetophotonic crystals

The magnetorefractive effect in a one-dimensional magnetophotonic crystal, more specifically, a photonic crystal (SiO₂/Ta₂O₅) containing a built-in defect in the form of a thin layer of the Co-(Al-O) magnetic nanocomposite, is studied in a computer simulation experiment. The structure of the unit cell of the photonic crystal in which most of the field energy is concentrated in cells nearest to the defect is determined. This makes it possible to increase the defect-mode Q factor and, owing to the multiple passage of light along the defect, to enhance the magnetorefractive effect by more than one order of magnitude as compared to a thin film on a substrate and by two orders of magnitude as compared to thick films. The reflectance of these structures in an applied magnetic field can be as high as 60%.     

均匀横向磁场条件下抛物量子阱结构中的共振隧穿

采用简单的数值计算方法研究了均匀横向磁场条件下通过抛物量子阱结构的共振隧穿。计算了几种GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs-GaAs抛物阱结构的透射系数。结果表明：磁场增加时，共振峰向高能区移动，新的共振峰出现；同时讨论了回旋中心在不同位置时，抛物阱结构的J-V 特性。我们发现回旋中心在抛物阱中心时更有助于解释实验，并且能够得到和实验一致的结果：磁场增加，电流峰值减少且向高偏压移动。     

Effect of electromagnetic field strength on Ni0.35Zn0.65Fe2O4 as performed by combustion synthesis

Ni_0.35Zn_0.65Fe₂O₄ ferrite is prepared through combustion synthesis in the external electromagnetic field. The highest magnetic field strength for the experiment is 1.1 T. Reactions temperatures were monitored by infrared radiation thermometer, the synthesized ferrite prepared in different magnetic fields is analyzed by XRD, SEM, and VSM. The results indicate that the coercivity of ferrite gradually decrease with the increase of magnetization. When the magnetic field strength is 0.54 T, the saturation magnetization is improved up to 56.05 emu/g (42%) as compared to that of ferrite in zero magnetic field. Through SEM analysis of Ni_0.35Zn_0.65Fe₂O₄ ferrite, homogeneous grains of the crystal are observed. With the increase of external magnetic field, the ferrite grain improved. This paper also systematically explores the effect of the electromagnetic field on ferrite by combustion synthesis.     

单晶Nd3Co的低温压力效应研究

本文测量了沿Nd3Co单晶b轴在不同压力下电阻率随温度的变化,并对Nd3Co的居里温度和磁性转变场随压力的变化规律进行了研究.结果表明:随着压力的增大,样品剩余电阻率逐渐减小,居里温度平均每GPa 升高2.1 K,磁性转变场平均每GPa增大0.9 T.通过对结果的分析,可以认为压力增大使样品中原子间距变小,晶粒间的连接更加紧密,导致电阻率减小;原子间距变小,4f电子和传导电子间的关联增强,导致样品中Nd离子磁矩的转向变得困难,从而磁性转变场增大.     

磁场中束缚极化子的有效质量

研究磁场中束缚极化子有效质量的性质,采用改进的线性组合算符和变分法讨论了磁场中强、弱耦合极化子的振动频率和有效质量与磁场B和库仑势的关系。以RbCl晶体为例进行了数值计算,结果表明:强耦合束缚磁极化子的振动频率λ和有效质量m^*随磁场B的增加而增大。弱耦合磁极化子的振动频率λ也随磁场的增加而增加,并且发现由于库仑势的存在,使得强耦合束缚磁极化子的振动频率λ和有效质量m^*有所增大。弱耦合磁极化子的有效质量仅和耦合强度α有关。     

强磁场诱导生长MgB_2超导体的磁各向异性研究

通过磁场诱导技术,我们制备出具有织构化取向的MgB2超导体.样品X衍射图显示晶格参数发生变化,随着诱导磁场的增加晶格参数a逐渐递减;当诱导磁场达到10T将会导致晶格变形,影响晶粒尺度大小;分别对诱导磁场为2T、4T、6T、10T样品进行磁测量,可发现临界电流得到明显提高,并且不可逆场也有所提高,样品表现出磁各向异性.     

Doppler-shifted cyclotron resonance in tungsten plates with atomic pure surface

The surface resistance of thin monocrystalline W plates as a function of the constant magnetic field H directed along the normal to the sample surface is studied in the r.f. spectrum region. The sample surface was cleaned in high vaccum (10^-11 torr) or coated with the monomolecular impurity film. The oscillating with the magnetic field part R_osc due to the Doppler-shifted cyclotron resonance is studied. The doppleron oscillation amplitude is found to depend on the surface state and increases with the crystal cleaning. The observed changes are caused by the increase of the specular reflection coefficient for resonance electrons. With the deviation of the magnetic field from the normal to the plate surface, the doppleron wave undergoes a collisionless magnetic Landau damping and the signal amplitude decreases down to values comparable with that of Gantmakher-Kaner oscillations. Cleaning of the surface (and related increase of specularity) gives rise to a further decrease of the doppleron amplitude and appearance of additional interference maxima induced by the Gantmakher-Kaner effect.     

基于硅柱-磁性液体体系的光子晶体的可调谐负折射特性研究

本文研究了硅柱在MnFe₂O₄磁性液体背景中排列成六边形结构的二维光子晶体的可调谐负折射特性. 利用平面波展开法和时域有限差分法理论研究了硅柱-磁性液体体系二维光子晶体的带隙结构、等频曲线和负折射现象随外磁场强度的变化关系. 模拟结果表明, 硅柱-磁性液体体系二维光子晶体工作在TE模式时, 其负折射特性可由外磁场调节. 在固定背景溶液的磁性颗粒体积分数和入射光频率时, 所研究的折射光束的偏转角和光子晶体的负折射率绝对值随外磁场的增大而增大, 而在固定背景溶液的磁性颗粒体积分数和外磁场强度时, 负折射角和负折射率的绝对值随入射光归一化频率增大而减小. 固定外场强度和入射光频率时, 所研究结构的负折射特性随背景溶液的磁性颗粒体积分数增大而变弱.     

An introduced effective-field theory study of spin-1 transverse Ising model with crystal field anisotropy in a longitudinal magnetic field

A spin-1 transverse Ising model with longitudinal crystal field in a longitudinal magnetic field is examined by introducing an effective field approximation (IEFT) which includes the correlations between different spins that emerge when expanding the identities. The effects of the crystal field as well as the transverse and longitudinal magnetic fields on the thermal and magnetic properties of the spin system are discussed in detail. The order parameters, Helmholtz free energy, entropy and specific heat curves are calculated numerically as functions of the temperature and Hamiltonian parameters. A number of interesting phenomena such as reentrant phenomena originating from the temperature, crystal field, transverse and longitudinal magnetic fields have been found.     

Influence of high pulsed magnetic field on tensile properties of TC4 alloy

The tensile tests of TC4 alloy are carried on electronic universal testing machine in the synchronous presence of high pulsed magnetic field(HPMF) parallel to the axial direction.The effects of magnetic induction intensity(5 = 0,1 T,3 T,and 5 T) on elongation(5) of TC4 alloy are investigated.At 3 T,the elongation arrives at a maximum value of12.41%,which is enhanced by 23.98%in comparison with that of initial sample.The elongation curve shows that 3 T is a critical point.With B increasing,the volume fraction of α phase is enhanced from 49.7%to 55.9%,which demonstrates that the HPMF can induce the phase transformation from β phase to α phase.Furthermore,the magnetic field not only promotes the orientation preference of crystal plane along the slipping direction,but also has the effect on increasing the dislocation density.The dislocation density increases with the enhancement of magnetic induction intensity and the 3-T parameter is ascertained as a turning point from increase to decrease tendency.When B is larger than 3 T,the dislocation density decreases with the enhancement of B.The influence of magnetic field is analyzed on the basis of magneto-plasticity effect.The high magnetic field will enhance the dislocation strain energy and promote the state conversion of radical pair generated between the dislocation and obstacles from singlet into triplet state,in which is analyzed the phenomenon that the dislocation density is at an utmost with B = 3 T.Finally,the inevitability of optimized 3-T parameter is further discussed on a quantum scale.     

Unified properties of a weakly interacting Fermi gas in a weak magnetic field

When the orbital motion and the spin motion of particles were considered simultaneously, the thermodynamic potential function of a weakly interacting Fermi gas in a weak magnetic field was derived using the thermodynamics method. Based on the derived expression, the analytical expressions of energy, heat capacity, chemical potential, susceptibility and stability conditions of the system were given, and the effects of the interparticle interactions as well as the magnetic field on the properties of the system were analyzed. It was shown that the magnetic field always causes energy and stability to decrease, while the chemical potential of the system to increase. The repulsive (attractive) interactions always increase (decrease) energy and stability, but decrease (increase) the chemical potential and paramagnetism. The repulsive (attractive) interactions decrease (increase) heat capacity of the system at high temperatures but increase (decrease) it at low temperatures.