Cr3+在不同基质Y3Ga5O12或Ga2O3中的荧光特性

以Ga_2O_3、Y_2O_3、Cr(NO_3)_3·9H_2O为原料,柠檬酸为配位剂,通过溶胶-凝胶高温固相合成法制备出Ga_(2-2x)O_3∶2xCr~(3+)(Ga_2O_3∶xCr)与Y_3Ga_(5-5x)O_(12)∶5xCr~(3+)(YGG∶xCr)2种多晶粉体(x=0.01,0.03,0.05,0.07)。并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、荧光光谱(PL)对样品的结构、组成、形貌和荧光性能进行测试分析。XRD和IR分析结果显示在900℃煅烧后Ga_2O_3∶xCr和YGG∶xCr两种样品均成相。SEM照片显示Ga_2O_3∶xCr样品形貌为柱形多面体,YGG∶xCr为短棒状。PL结果显示Cr~(3+)在Ga_2O_3和YGG两种基质中的最强荧光发射峰分别位于742和740 nm,均属于Cr~(3+)的~2E-~4A_2跃迁,对比发现Cr~(3+)在YGG基质中的荧光发射强度更强,在远红光区的荧光性能更好,能满足温室照明中植物光合作用的需求。     

Y_2O_3负载金属Cu在催化甲醛水溶液制氢反应中的Y_2O_3载体效应

采用NaBH_4还原法将纳米金属Cu负载在Y_2O_3上.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和测定氢氧根在Y_2O_3和Cu上的吸附等手段对样品进行了表征.结果表明,Y_2O_3表面存在一层薄的Y(OH)3,能优先吸附OH-使其在Y_2O_3表面"富集";金属Cu以纳米粒子形式负载在Y_2O_3上.在碱性甲醛溶液中考察了Y_2O_3负载Cu(Cu/Y_2O_3)的催化性能.结果表明,在低碱度条件下,相对于未负载纳米Cu的Y_2O_3,Cu/Y_2O_3具有较高的产氢活性.当氢氧化钠浓度为0.050 mol/L时,在氮气气氛下Cu/Y_2O_3产氢量约为未负载纳米Cu的7.8倍;而在空气气氛下约为4.3倍.在2种气氛下,Cu/Y_2O_3产氢的最佳氢氧化钠浓度均为0.25 mol/L.这可归结为Y_2O_3表面对OH-的"富集"效应,使其表面产生更多的活性物种CH2(OH)O-(甲二醇负离子).相对于未负载纳米Cu的Y_2O_3,Y_2O_3负载Cu提高了催化剂的稳定性,其原因是Y_2O_3负载阻止了Cu粒子在反应过程的生长.     

Bi@Bi2Sn2O7/TiO2等离子体复合纤维的制备及增强的光催化产氢活性

以电纺TiO_2纳米纤维为基质,采用一步水热法合成了Bi@Bi_2Sn_2O_7/TiO_2等离子体复合纤维光催化剂。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、紫外-可见漫反射(UV-Vis DRS)和光致发光光谱(PL)等分析测试手段对样品的物相、形貌和光电性能等进行表征。以三乙醇胺为电子给体,研究了Bi@Bi_2Sn_2O_7/TiO_2复合纤维光催化裂解水制氢的反应过程。结果表明:在水热过程中,Bi_2Sn_2O_7构筑在TiO_2纳米纤维表面形成p-n结的同时,部分Bi3+被葡萄糖还原成金属Bi沉积在Bi_2Sn_2O_7上。金属Bi的等离子体共振效应与p-n结的协同作用,有效提高了样品的光催化活性,产氢速率达到7.26 mmol·h~(-1)·g~(-1)。     

SiHCl3-H2气相外延生长Si单晶反应机理的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论计算方法, 在B3LYP/6-311G*水平下, 计算并得到了SiHCl3与H2反应各反应通道上各驻点的构型、振动频率和能量. 结果表明, 在气相中SiHCl3分解的通道d和SiHCl3与H2反应的通道c为竞争反应, 但其均未还原出Si原子, 只有衬底Si参与SiHCl3-H2的反应, Si原子才淀积在Si衬底上.     

不同基底对TiO2和SiO2薄膜的光学性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法分别在K9玻璃、单晶硅和石英玻璃基底上制备了纳米TiO₂和SiO₂薄膜。利用SEM、UV-Vis及反射式椭圆偏振光谱仪对薄膜的微观结构及光学特性进行了表征和分析。结果表明:3种基底中, 单晶硅基底上TiO₂和SiO₂薄膜折射率最大;在非晶态K9玻璃和石英玻璃基底上TiO₂薄膜折射率和透光率差异较大;SiO₂薄膜在非晶态基底上折射率、透光率相近;3种基底上薄膜的折射率和消光系数都有随波长增大而减小的趋势, 同时Cauchy模型能较好的描述单晶硅基底上两种薄膜在400~800 nm波段的光学性能。     

不同基底对TiO2和SiO2薄膜的光学性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法分别在K9玻璃、单晶硅和石英玻璃基底上制备了纳米TiO₂和SiO₂薄膜。利用SEM、UV-Vis及反射式椭圆偏振光谱仪对薄膜的微观结构及光学特性进行了表征和分析。结果表明：3种基底中, 单晶硅基底上TiO₂和SiO₂薄膜折射率最大;在非晶态K9玻璃和石英玻璃基底上TiO₂薄膜折射率和透光率差异较大;SiO₂薄膜在非晶态基底上折射率、透光率相近;3种基底上薄膜的折射率和消光系数都有随波长增大而减小的趋势, 同时Cauchy模型能较好的描述单晶硅基底上两种薄膜在400~800 nm波段的光学性能。     

Y_2(CO_3)_3的沉淀结晶过程与晶粒大小控制

研究了NH_4HCO_3与Y(NO3)3反应形成的Y_2(CO_3)_3沉淀在陈化过程中的结晶生长机制及其晶粒大小控制方法。结果表明:在陈化过程中发生了由无定型沉淀向水菱钇型结晶Y_2(CO_3)_3的相态转变,其外观形貌也相应地由纳米球形颗粒转变为哑铃状、鸟巢状和球状结晶聚集体。首先是晶型核在颗粒表面的形成,随即进入晶体生长阶段,促进无定型沉淀的快速溶解并在晶核表面生长,表现出以沿晶胞c轴方向的一维生长特征,形成针状细小结晶;由于结晶速度快,针状结晶演变为枝状,并相互连生聚集成哑铃型、巢型和球形聚集体。提高陈化温度可以加速相态转变和形貌演变过程,在短时间内获得大颗粒结晶聚集体。据此,提出了通过沉淀结晶过程和条件的控制来合成不同大小和形貌的Y_2(CO_3)_3和Y_2O_3粒子的基本方法,并分别制备了中心粒径D50在600 nm左右和35μm左右的Y_2O_3产品。     

不同衬底生长Bi2VO5.5薄膜及性能研究

用溶胶-凝胶法分别在LNO/Si(100)和ITO/glass衬底上成功制备了Bi2VO5.5(BVO)薄膜。通过X射线衍射(XRD)和原子力显微镜(AFM)研究了薄膜的结构和表面形貌。结果表明,两种衬底上生长的BVO薄膜均具有(001)择优取回的单一相结构,晶粒大小均匀,结晶度良好。BVO薄膜介电特性的分析表明,1kHz～1MHz频率范围内,BVO薄膜在ITO衬底上表现出更稳定的介电特性,这主要归因于薄膜择优取向程度、晶粒大小和晶界特点的影响。两种衬底上BVO薄膜中的驰豫过程属于多分散系统的德拜驰豫。BVO薄膜的拉曼光谱研究表明薄膜结构几乎不受衬底影响。     

柠檬酸盐热解法制备YBa2Cu3O7-δ超导体

按摩尔比Y:Ba:Cu=1:2:3称取Y_2O_3(5N)、BaCO_3(A.R.)和CuO(A.R.)。先将Y_2O_3放入大烧杯中,加适量65％～68％的HNO_3,加热使之反应溶解为无色透明溶液;再加入CuO和蒸馏水,溶解为蓝色溶液;加HNO_3和蒸馏水,倒入BaCO_3,加热至溶液透明。再加进与金属原子总数比1:1的柠檬酸,不断搅拌使之溶解。以分析纯的氨水调节pH到6-7,得到蓝黑色透明溶液。将该溶液在电炉上加热沸腾,接近蒸干时溶液不断鼓泡,成为胶状溶液。最后     

Y_2O_3/Ag复合材料界面微观结构与性能研究

采用透射电子显微镜对粉末冶金法制备的Y_2O_3/Ag复合材料的界面微观结构进行了深入研究。结果表明:复合材料界面结合紧密且无任何反应物。Ag基体的(111)面与Y_2O_3颗粒的(440)晶面保持半共格关系:Y_2O_3(222)//Ag(111),Y_2O_3(440)//Ag(111),界面处基体中可以看到由于晶格错配而产生的刃位错,说明基体与增强颗粒晶面间距接近时,基体可以依靠增强颗粒表面结晶并长大,即增强颗粒作为基体异质形核的质点,并从晶体学角度对界面的形成原因进行了解释。由力学和电学性能测试得到复合材料的强度和电阻率随Y_2O_3含量的增加而升高。     

KCl-KBO2-K2CO3, K2MoO4-KBO2-K2CO3, and K2WO4-KBO2-K2CO3 ternary systems

phase diagrams of KCl-KBO₂-K₂CO₃, K₂MoO₄-KBO₂-K₂CO₃, and K₂WO₄-KBO₂-K₂CO₃ ternary systems were studied by a calculation-experimental method and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The coordinates of ternary eutectics were determined to be E ₁: 622°C, 8.5 mol % KBO₂, 56.5 mol % KCl, and 35 mol % K₂CO₃; E ₂: 710°C, 23 mol % KBO₂, 43 mol % K₂CO₃, and 34 mol % K₂MoO₄; E ₃: 710°C, 23 mol % KBO₂, 43 mol % K₂CO₃, and 34 mol % K₂WO₄. The specific heats of melting of the eutectics were determined.     

Phase relations in the K2W2O7-K2WO4-KPO3-Bi2O3 system and structure of K6.5Bi2.5W4P6O34

The phase relations in the cross-section of the K₂W₂O₇-K₂WO₄-KPO₃ containing 15 mol% Bi₂O₃ were undertaken using flux method. Crystallization fields of K_6.5Bi_2.5W₄P₆O₃₄, K₂Bi(PO₄)(WO₄), Bi₂WO₆, KBi(WO₄)₂ and their cocrystallization areas were identified. Novel phase K_6.5Bi_2.5W₄P₆O₃₄ was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction: sp. gr. P−1, a=9.4170(5), b=9.7166(4), c=17.6050(7) Å, α=90.052(5)°, β=103.880(5)° and γ=90.125(5)°. It has a layered structure, which contains {K₇Bi₅W₈P₁₂O₆₈}_∞ layers stacked parallel to ab plane and sheets composed by potassium atoms separating these layers. Sandwich-like {K₇Bi₅W₈P₁₂O₆₈}_∞ layers are assembled from [W₂P₂O₁₃]_∞ and [BiPO₄]_∞ building units, and are penetrated by tunnels with K/Bi atoms inside. FTIR-spectra of K₂Bi(PO₄)(WO₄) and K_6.5Bi_2.5W₄P₆O₃₄ were discussed on the basis of factor group theory.     

Sol-gel synthesis of K3InF6 and structural characterization of K2InC10O10H6F9, K3InC12O14H4F18 and K3InC12O12F18

K₃InF₆ is synthesized by a sol-gel route starting from indium and potassium acetates dissolved in isopropanol in the stoichiometry 1:3, with trifluoroacetic acid as fluorinating agent. The crystal structures of the organic precursors were solved by X-ray diffraction methods on single crystals. Three organic compounds were isolated and identified: K₂InC₁₀O₁₀H₆F₉, K₃InC₁₂O₁₄H₄F₁₈ and K₃InC₁₂O₁₂F₁₈. The first one, deficient in potassium in comparison with the initial stoichiometry, is unstable. In its crystal structure, acetate as well as trifluoroacetate anions are coordinated to the indium atom. The two other precursors are obtained, respectively, by quick and slow evaporation of the solution. They correspond to the final organic compounds, which give K₃InF₆ by decomposition at high temperature. The crystal structure of K₃InC₁₂O₁₄H₄F₁₈ is characterized by complex anions [In(CF₃COO)₄(OH_x)₂]^(5−2x)− and isolated [CF₃COOH_2−x]^(x−1)− molecules with x=2 or 1, surrounded by K⁺ cations. The crystal structure of K₃InC₁₂O₁₂F₁₈ is only constituted by complex anions [In(CF₃COO)₆]³⁻ and K⁺ cations. For all these compounds, potassium cations ensure only the electroneutrality of the structure. IR spectra of K₂InC₁₀O₁₀H₆F₉ and K₃InC₁₂O₁₂F₁₈ were also performed at room temperature on pulverized crystals.     

Solubility in the Na2Cr2O7-(NH4)2Cr2O7-K2Cr2O7-H2O system

Solubility in the Na₂Cr₂O₇-(NH₄)₂Cr₂O₇-K₂Cr₂O₇-H₂O four-component water-salt system at 25, 50, and 75°C was studied for the first time. Phase field boundaries for individual salts and potassium and ammonium dichromate solid solutions, monovariant lines, and invariant points were determined. Experimental data were used to optimize the looped isohydric process of potassium dichromate preparation involving additional salts.     

NaBO2-NaCl-Na2CO3, NaBO2- Na2CO3-NaMoO4, NaBO2- Na2CO3-NaWO4, and NaBO2-NaCl-Na2WO4 ternary systems

The phase diagrams of the NaBO₂-NaCl-Na₂CO₃, NaBO₂-Na₂CO₃-Na₂MoO₄, NaBO₂- Na₂CO₃-Na₂WO₄, and NaBO₂-NaCl-Na₂WO₄ ternary systems were studied by a calculation-experimental method and differential thermal analysis. The coordinates of ternary eutectics were determined: E ₁: 612°C, 16 mol % NaBO₂, 42 mol % NaCl, and 42 mol % Na₂CO₃; E ₂: 568°C, 12 mol % NaBO₂, 28 mol % Na₂CO₃, and 60 mol % Na₂MoO₄; E ₃: 575°C, 12 mol % NaBO₂, 32 mol % Na₂CO₃, and 56 mol % Na₂WO₄; E ₄: 628°C, 8 mol % NaBO₂, 20 mol % NaCl, and 72 mol % Na₂WO₄; and E ₅: 655°C, 9 mol % NaBO₂, 53 mol % NaCl, and 38 mol % Na₂WO₄.     

Li2SO4-Na2SO4-H2O和Li2SO4- K2SO4-H2O溶液的体积性质

本文用高精度数字式振荡管密度计测定了288K至318K温度范围内Li₂SO₄ + Na₂SO₄ + H₂O和 Li₂SO₄ + K₂SO₄ + H₂O三元体系的密度。混合溶液的离子强度范围从0.1到4.5 mol.kg_–1,混合溶液中Na₂SO₄和K₂SO₄的离子强度分数为0.2,0.4,0.6和0.8。用密度实验值拟合得到了不同温度下Pitzer离子相互作用模型混合参数θ_V和 ψ_V,模型的计算值与实验值的偏差在±0.002 g.cm_–3以内。用Pitzer模型计算了不同离子强度下三元体系的混合体积。     

Extension of the La7Mo7O30 structural type with La7Nb3W4O30 and La7Ta3W4O30 compounds

Two compounds of formula La₇A₃W₄O₃₀ (with A=Nb and Ta) were prepared by solid-state reaction at 1450 and 1490 °C. They crystallize in the rhombohedric space group R-3 (No. 148), with the hexagonal parameters: , and , . The structure of the materials was analyzed from X-ray, neutron and electronic diffraction. These oxides are isostructural of the reduced molybdenum compound La₇Mo₇O₃₀, which are formed of perovskite rod along [111]. An order between (Nb, Ta) and W is observed.     

SnSbBiS4-SnS and SnSbBiS4-Sn2Sb6S11 sections of the SnS-Sb2S3-Bi2S3 ternary system

SnSbBiS₄-SnS and SnSbBiS₄-Sn₂Sb₆S₁₁ sections were studied by physicochemical methods (DTA, X-ray powder diffraction, microstructure observation, and microhardness measurements). These sections were found to be eutectic quasi-binary sections of the SnS-Sb₂S₃-Bi₂S₃ ternary system. Solid solution regions based on the initial components were found on either side of the sections. Alloys in the solid solution region are p-type semiconductors.     

Structural chemistry of Sr3Cr2WO9, Ca3Cr2WO9, and Ba3Cr2WO9

We have studied the preparation and crystallographic structure of three perovskite-type compounds: Sr₃Cr₂WO₉, cubic, the lattice parameter of which is a = 7.812Å; Ca₃Cr₂WO₉, tetragonal, the lattice parameters of which are a = 5.408 Å and c = 7.635Å; and Ba₃Cr₂WO₉, hexagonal, the lattice parameters of which are a = 5.691 Å and c = 13.957Å. We have compared these three structures and shown the relationship between the dimensions of the alkaline-earth metal and the existence of the different structures.     

Theoretical study of polyoxide clusters B20O30, Al20O30, V20O50, Si20O30H20, and Si20O30F20

The structural, electronic, and vibrational characteristics and energies of the isolated polyoxide clusters B₂₀O₃₀, Al₂₀O₃₀, V₂₀O₅₀, Si₂₀O₃₀H₂₀, and Si₂₀O₃₀F₂₀ and their complexes with the H⁻ ion and ammonia complexes Al₂₀O₃₀ · nNH₃ have been calculated by the density functional theory B3LYP method with different basis sets. The computation results show that the symmetric closo structure I _h with oxygen bridges located above the centers of the faces of an empty [M₂₀] dodecahedron is more favorable for V₂₀O₅₀, Si₂₀O₃₀H₂₀, and Si₂₀O₃₀F₂₀. For B₂₀O₃₀, the cage closo isomer is also more favorable than the other isomers, but its structure is severely distorted as compared to a dodecahedron and has a symmetry close to C ₃ . For Al₂₀O₃₀, the I _h structure corresponds to a high-lying local minimum of the potential energy surface. For Al₂₀O₃₀, a set of unusual puckshaped isomers of symmetry C _i , with different numbers of four-coordinate atoms ^IVAl and three-coordinate atoms ^IIIO, was localized; these structures are more than 90 kcal/mol more favorable than the dodecahedron I _h . The most favorable isomer of Al₂₀O₃₀ contains twelve four-coordinate atoms ^IVAl and four five-coordinate atoms ^VAl. The energies of dissociation of the most favorable M₂₀O₃₀ clusters into the M₂O₃ (C _2v ) and M₄O₆ (T _d ) fragments and, in the case of Al₂₀O₃₀, also into the Al₈O₁₂ (O _h ) and Al₁₂O₁₈ (D _3d ) fragments, have been estimated. The conclusion has been drawn that these clusters can, in principle, exist and can be experimentally detected in the isolated state. Analogous calculations have been performed for ammonia complexes Al₂₀O₃₀ · nNH₃ with n varying from 1 to 20. The effect of solvation on the relative stability of the dodecahedral and puckshaped isomers of the Al₂₀O₃₀ cluster is observed. The isomers with ammonia molecules in their first coordination sphere become much closer to one another on the energy scale; however, the dodecahedron remains a considerably less favorable intermediate. Original Russian Text ? O.P. Charkin, N.M. Klimenko, D.O. Charkin, 2008, published in Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii, 2008, Vol. 53, No. 4, pp. 624–635.