Belousov-Zhabotinsky反应驱动的智能高分子材料:拓扑结构及仿生功能

化学自振荡反应驱动的智能高分子材料常被称为自振荡高分子材料(self-oscillating polymer materials, SOPMs),其中以Belousov-Zhabotinsky(BZ)反应驱动的SOPMs研究最为深入,为高分子材料领域的一大研究热点。与传统智能高分子材料不同,SOPMs体系具有高度的自调节性,即可以不需要外界“开-关”转换的刺激就能自动、可逆、周期性地发生状态转变。本文结合SOPMs的最新研究结果,介绍该类材料在新型拓扑结构设计和仿生功能研究两个方面的新思想和新方法。在拓扑结构设计方面,主要介绍梳形自振荡高分子凝胶、“聚轮烷”互锁自振荡高分子凝胶、多级结构自振荡高分子凝胶、超级交联自振荡高分子凝胶、支化自振荡高分子、自振荡高分子刷以及嵌段自振荡高分子材料。在仿生功能研究方面,主要阐述自振荡高分子囊泡、人工细胞、自主肠状运动、趋光避光运动。最后,对SOPMs今后的发展作了展望。     

仿生天然高分子水凝胶在医用材料方面的应用

天然高分子水凝胶具有高度水合的三维网络结构,显示出独特的粘附性,能有效地控制出血,减少二次感染,且生物相容性和生物降解性好,是一种理想的医用粘合剂材料。近年来,鉴于目前医用粘合剂研发制备中对水下湿粘性以及生物降解性能等要求越来越严格,具有耐水粘附性、生物安全性和形状可控性的新型粘附材料成为研究的热点和难点。自然界生物对各种基质的粘附性主要取决于其组成或结构,利用天然高分子水凝胶材料进行仿生,可以使其兼具优异的组织粘附性、止血抑菌性和形状可控性等特性,是解决上述问题的有效策略。本文概述了两种类型的仿生天然高分子水凝胶材料粘附机制,针对性地讨论了贻贝、藤壶、牡蛎的组成特性和咸水鱼、细胞外基质(extracellular matrix)的结构特点以及粘附机理,并介绍了相应仿生天然高分子水凝胶材料在组织愈合、伤口止血及药物递送方面的研究进展。最后,对仿生天然高分子水凝胶在未来的发展方向进行展望并为其提供相应的建议。     

仿生高分子

仿生高分子是仿生化学的一个重要组成部分,是从分子水平上模拟生物高分子功能的一门边缘学科。它在内容上与生物无机化学、生物有机化学、分子生物学、高分子化学及医学互相     

高分子仿生有序微结构及其反射和响应特性

介绍了具有减反射和刺激响应性能的高分子仿生有序微结构,总结了近年来报道的高分子仿生有序微结构的仿生设计、结构构筑及性能研究的工作.最后就高分子仿生有序微结构的发展方向及其面临的问题和挑战进行了展望.     

DOPA-PSPMA仿生共聚物综合探究性实验研究

为提高本科学生的创新创业能力,通过高分子化学实验教学使学生深入了解仿生共聚物的制备及性能的相关知识,设计了综合探究性实验。通过原子转移自由基聚合法制备仿生共聚物,并将其修饰在多种材料表面。采用X射线光电子能谱、扫描电子显微镜、生物显微镜分别对修饰材料进行表征。该实验通过共聚物的制备使学生掌握高分子化学中活性可控自由基聚合制备共聚物的方法;掌握仿生共聚物设计及构筑方法;使学生学习科研仪器的操作方法,切实提高学生的实践能力。该实验重复性好、创新性及拓展性强,将共聚物设计制备及应用有机结合,适用于高分子专业本科生综合探究性实验。     

水下超疏油仿生特殊粘附界面材料的研究进展

水下超疏油表面由于在防污材料、微流控技术、生物粘附等方面具有广泛的应用前景,已经引起人们的普遍关注。本文简单介绍了浸润性在液相体系的相关概念及基础理论,综述了自然界中的水下超疏油低粘附生物体典型实例以及水下超疏油仿生特殊粘附界面材料的仿生制备和智能调控,并对水下超疏油仿生界面材料的发展进行了展望。     

粘性水凝胶的发展及应用

本文系统介绍了近年来粘性水凝胶相关研究的最新进展,并从结构仿生、材料仿生、原理仿生方面细致梳理了典型案例的设计理念,总结概括了粘性水凝胶在可穿戴传感器、生物医用材料、执行器机器人、吸附分离等领域的应用。在此基础上,探讨了粘性水凝胶现存的挑战,并展望了其在亚微米颗粒的吸附分离、痕量爆炸物颗粒原位采样检测等方面将有蓬勃发展,为粘性水凝胶的创新设计及实际应用提供指导和参考。     

响应性交联液晶高分子仿生致动器的研究进展

交联液晶高分子兼具液晶取向有序性和交联聚合物熵弹性等特点,能够以动态可调节和可逆的方式来模仿生物体的行为,在仿生器件、柔性机器人、智能表面、生物医药等领域具有良好的应用前景.本综述总结了近几年智能响应性交联液晶高分子在仿生致动器方面的研究进展,从响应性交联液晶高分子的结构和驱动机理出发,讨论了响应性交联液晶高分子的合成工艺、制备技术和成型方法,以及响应性交联液晶高分子对光、热、磁、湿度的响应.此外,介绍了响应性交联液晶高分子致动器在柔性机器人、人工肌肉、微流体运输等领域的应用.最后,对响应性交联液晶高分子的发展前景进行了展望.这项工作主要讨论了响应性交联液晶高分子,旨在为具有新颖功能和更有挑战性的智能微型致动器提供新的设计思路.     

智能化自振荡高分子凝胶

自振荡高分子凝胶是一种智能化软物质材料,其体积无需外界刺激即能自发膨胀收缩,实现化学能向机械能转化,具有良好的研究和应用前景。本文介绍了自振荡凝胶的设计和自振荡机理、不同尺度的自振荡行为,以及温度、浓度、胶结构和外界刺激等因素对自振荡行为的影响等内容。从凝胶自驱动运动和物质运输两方面介绍仿生驱动凝胶在组织工程、生命科学、药物缓释和材料等领域的潜在应用,并展望了自振荡凝胶未来研究趋势。     

凝胶介质中仿生矿化过程的研究*

本文综述了凝胶介质中仿生矿化过程的研究进展。仿生矿化是当前化学、生物学和材料科学的研究前沿和热点。近年来,越来越多的生物学证据表明：生物体中的蛋白质和多糖等生物大分子,往往通过超分子组装形成凝胶状基质网络,进而对生物矿化过程施加影响。因此,凝胶介质中的仿生矿化研究对深入了解生物矿化机理,以及从理论上指导先进功能材料的设计和合成具有重要意义。迄今为止,研究人员已经对天然和合成高分子凝胶、超分子水凝胶和无机凝胶等多种凝胶介质中的仿生矿化过程进行了研究。结果表明：凝胶介质主要通过其三维网络结构限制反应离子在其内部的扩散速率,并掺杂到无机矿物的晶体结构中,从而影响生成晶体的形貌和构造。而且在有机基质(如水溶性有机高分子和自组装单层等)的协同作用下,凝胶介质中的仿生矿化过程也呈现出与水溶液中不同的特点。此外,本文还介绍了当前对凝胶介质中矿物形貌的调控和矿化机理的几种不同观点,并对该领域未来的研究和应用进行了展望。     

仿生介孔二氧化硅用于高效液相色谱拆分手性化合物

仿生介孔硅是以有机物作为模板,可有效复刻模板的独特形貌,从而得到其相同或相似结构孔径的介孔硅。本文从仿生的观点出发,从蟹壳中提取得到几丁质膜,将其用作模板制备了仿生手性向列型介孔二氧化硅,并用其制备了液相色谱柱,进行了手性化合物拆分实验。结果表明,该色谱固定相对10个手性化合物有一定的手性分离效果。     

A collagen(Col)/nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) biological composite bone scaffold with double multi-level interface reinforcement

IntroductionBone scaffold is expected to possess excellent mechanical and biological properties similar to natural bone tissues. In this study, we aimed to prepare a biomineralized Col and hydroxyapatite composite scaffold consisting of biomimetic bone components and multi-level bionic bone structure to strengthen its mechanical properties.MethodsWe prepared a Col/nano-hydroxyapatite biological composite scaffold with multi-level structure (from nanofibers to micron bionic bone motif to bionc bone scaffold) of biomimetic bone tissue, and biomineralized the scaffold in simulated body fluid (SBF) preheated to 37 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscope, were used to characterize the biomineralized products.ResultsMorphological study confirmed in situ deposition of nHA in the multi-scale hierarchical structure of the biomineralized scaffold. We explored the biomineralization nucleation mechanism of the scaffolds at the atomic level based on the first principles and the mechanisms for growth of mineralized nHA crystal array in its multi-scale structure, and how the double multiscales structure strengthened the mechanical properties of the material.ConclusionsThis synthetic bone scaffold, with bionic bone composition and double multi-level interface reinforcement, provides a new strategy for synthesizing bioactive bone scaffolds with enhanced biomechanical properties.     

Biomimetic color-changing skin based on temperature-responsive hydrogel microspheres with the photonic crystal structure

The responsive color-changing bionic skin imitation of certain organisms such as chameleons has potential applications in the fields of chemical sensing and information transfer. Inspired by the cellular structure of the chameleon iridophores, a flexible and scalable fabrication strategy was proposed in the present study, which centers on the modular assembly of miniature color-changing pixel dots. The color-changing pixel dots were formed by self-assembling charged silica particles inside hydrogels and fabricated in bulk using microfluidic methods. The pixel dots were immobilized in hydrogels to encapsulate in a membrane structure similar to biological skin. With thermal stimulation, the bionic color-changing skin can change color from green to red and has an angle-independent color display with good environmental adaptability.     

Construction and application of bioinspired nanochannels based on two-dimensional materials

With the development of nanotechnology and materials science, bioinspired nanochannels appeared by mimicking the intelligent functions of biological ion channels. They have attracted a great deal of attention in recent years due to their controllable structure and tunable chemical properties. Inspired by the layered microstructure of nacre, 2D layered materials as excellent matrix material of nanochannel come into our field of vision. Bionic nanochannels based on 2D materials have the advantages...     

3D-Printed Bionic Ear for Sound Identification and Localization Based on In Situ Polling of PVDF-TrFE Film

Bionic acoustic sensors are an indispensable part to realize interactions between humans and robotics. In this work, a PVDF-TrFE sensor array with multiple active pixels combined with a 3D-printed bionic ear model is prepared, which can accurately detect sounds with different frequencies and locate the sound source from different directions. The PVDF-TrFE sensor array can clearly identify the sound within 25 cm, and the error between the accepted sound frequency and the original input frequency is less than 0.001%. Through the algorithm analysis of the input signal, the location of the sound source can be immediately analyzed. Compared with other acoustic sensors, this sensor has the advantages of being self-powered, small size, and high flexibility, which holds great potential for bionic applications.     

仿生矿化的机理和应用研究进展

碳酸钙、磷酸钙为代表的生物矿物广泛分布于自然界中,经过不同的矿化过程,在生物体内呈现出多样的结构、形貌和功能,构成生物体多种组织和器官.在人工材料合成领域,仿生矿化通过调控碳酸钙、磷酸钙等矿物的成核与生长,获得具有复杂高级结构和特殊生物功能的无机或无机/有机复合材料.本文重点介绍仿生矿化机理和应用的最近研究进展,包括仿...     

仿生多微纳米梯度界面的液滴动态行为调控

对液滴在界面上动态行为的研究是化学和材料领域的一个重要方向,许多先进的表面和界面技术,比如集水、防覆冰、防雾、微流体控制和传热等,均属于这一范畴.通过模仿自然界中具有特殊微纳米结构和特定化学组成的生物表面,设计并构筑相应具有特殊浸润性的仿生界面,对仿生界面材料的技术应用起到了良好的先导与示范作用.本文结合本课题组的研究...     

Fast Screening of Biomembrane-Permeable Compounds in Herbal Medicines Using Bubble-Generating Magnetic Liposomes Coupled with LC–MS

A novel strategy based on the use of bionic membrane camouflaged magnetic particles and LC–MS was developed to quickly screen the biomembrane-permeable compounds in herbal medicines. The bionic membrane was constructed by bubble-generating magnetic liposomes loaded with NH₄HCO₃ (BMLs). The lipid bilayer structure of the liposomes enabled BMLs to capture biomembrane-permeable compounds from a herbal extract. The BMLs carrying the compounds were then separated from the extract by a magnetic field. Upon heat treatment, NH₄HCO₃ rapidly decomposed to form CO₂ bubbles within the liposomal bilayer, and the captured compounds were released from BMLs and analyzed by LC–MS. Jinlingzi San (JLZS), which contains various natural ingredients, was chosen to assess the feasibility of the proposed method. As a result, nine potential permeable compounds captured by BMLs were identified for the first time. Moreover, an in vivo animal study found that most of the compounds screened out by the proposed method were absorbed into the blood. The study provides a powerful tool for rapid and simultaneous prediction of multiple biomembrane-permeable components.     

仿生消化-单层脂质体萃取在蕨类植物微量金属形态分析和生物可给性评价中的应用

依据化学仿生原理,将整体药物研究与分子药物研究法(以微量元素为指标)相结合,设计体外仿生消化法用于蕨类植物分析前处理。以单层脂质体为细胞膜模型,萃取分离食糜中微量元素形态(单层脂质体亲合态、水溶态);根据单层脂质体亲合态含量对微量元素的生物可给性和危险性进行评价。比较单层脂质体结合亲和态金属在胃、肠中浓度,可得金属主要吸收部位。沙椤茎、叶和蜈蚣草茎、叶成年人摄入安全剂量分别为210.4、153.5、828.2、367.5 g/day,最大摄入剂量分别为864.1、1208.8、2067.1、1977.3 g/day。     

Biomimetic Mineralized Fiber Bundle-Inspired Scaffolding Surface on Polyetheretherketone Implants Promotes Osseointegration

The stress shielding effect caused by traditional metal implants is circumvented by using polyetheretherketone (PEEK), due to its excellent mechanical properties; however, the biologically inert nature of PEEK limits its application. Endowing PEEK with biological activity to promote osseointegration would increase its applicability for bone replacement implants. A biomimetic study is performed, inspired by mineralized collagen fiber bundles that contact bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) on the native trabecular bone surface. The PEEK surface (P) is first sulfonated with sulfuric acid to form a porous network structure (sP). The surface is then encapsulated with amorphous hydroxyapatite (HA) by magnetron sputtering to form a biomimetic scaffold that resembles mineralized collagen fiber bundles (sPHA). Amorphous HA simulates the composition of osteogenic regions in vivo and exhibits strong biological activity. In vitro results show that more favorable cell adhesion and osteogenic differentiation can be attained with the novelsurface of sPHA than with SP. The results of in vivo experiments show that sPHA exhibits osteoinductive and osteoconductive activity and facilitates bone formation and osseointegration. Therefore, the surface modification strategy can significantly improve the biological activity of PEEK, facilitate effective osseointegration, and inspire further bionic modification of other inert polymers similar to PEEK.