在线固相萃取-液相色谱法直接测定水中超痕量多环芳烃

建立了在线固相萃取-液相色谱直接测定水体中16种超痕量多环芳烃（PAHs）的方法。水样经高速离心后，加入适量甲醇，配制成40%（体积分数）甲醇水溶液，直接进样2 mL至在线固相萃取流路，进行萃取富集，再通过阀切换将洗脱的PAHs转移至分析流路进行分离检测。16种PAHs在各自范围内线性关系良好，相关系数均大于0.996；方法的检出限为0.14~12.50 ng/L，其中苯并[a]芘（B（a）P）的检出限为0.38 ng/L。实际水样在10、40和200 ng/L加标水平下的加标回收率为76.1%~134.9%，RSD为0.3%~16.6%。B（a）P在1 ng/L加标水平下的回收率为71.8%~92.7%，RSD为3.9%。结果表明，该方法操作简单，灵敏度高，溶剂消耗量少，可满足水样中PAHs，尤其是B（a）P的超痕量分析要求。     

聚酰胺固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测饲料中的6种全氟化合物

建立了饲料中6种全氟化合物的聚酰胺固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱分析法。样品采用酸化乙腈提取,在酸性条件下用聚酰胺固相萃取小柱富集,甲醇淋洗净化,5%（v/v）氨水/甲醇溶液洗脱后采用超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）检测。分析柱为Acquity BEH C₁₈（100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm）;流动相为5 mmol/L乙酸铵-乙腈梯度洗脱;在最佳实验条件下,采用多反应监测负离子模式测定,同位素内标法定量。该方法对6种全氟化合物的检出限均小于0.1 μg/kg;对6种饲料及原料的加标回收率为94.2%~108.9%,精密度（RSD）为1.8%~8.6%（n=6）;在0.5~25 μg/L范围内均呈良好的线性关系,线性回归系数r>0.995。该方法前处理成本低,效果好,适合复杂基质样品的检测。     

巯基聚合整体柱固相微萃取-超高效液相色谱/串联质谱检测食品中苯并咪唑

建立了巯基聚合毛细管整体柱固相微萃取-超高效液相色谱/串联质谱分析食品中8种痕量苯并咪唑的新方法。以巯基-炔点击法快速制备了巯基固相微萃取整体柱作为固相微萃取介质,考察了萃取条件和洗脱条件对苯并咪唑类药物的富集效果。在优化条件下,方法的线性范围为0.0250~10.0μg/L,检出限为2.1~7.6 ng/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于5.3%。用该方法分析鸡肉和鸡蛋样品中的8种苯并咪唑,均能从样品中检出,加标回收率为77.3%~116.7%,RSD为3.5%~8.7%。     

超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法同时测定地表水中28种皮质激素

建立了同时测定地表水中28种皮质激素的超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱（UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS）的分析方法。水样经HLB柱固相萃取、C₈反相色谱柱分离,在动态多反应监测（DMRM）模式下采用电喷雾离子化正、负离子模式（ESI±）进行信号采集与测定,内标法定量。结果发现,28种皮质激素在1.0~100 μg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系（R²>0.99）,方法检出限为0.21~0.48 ng/L,方法定量限为0.32~0.72 ng/L。在5.0、10、50 ng/L的基质加标水平下,28种目标物的平均回收率为68.8%~108.7%,相对标准偏差为0.1%~8.1%。该方法灵敏、准确、可靠,将广泛应用于环境中糖/盐皮质激素的痕量监测及其行为、风险研究。     

在线固相萃取-超高效液相色谱/串联质谱法测定水中新烟碱类杀虫剂

采用在线固相萃取-超高效液相色谱/串联质谱技术建立了水中啶虫脒、噻虫胺、吡虫啉、噻虫啉、噻虫嗪、呋虫胺及烯啶虫胺7种新烟碱类杀虫剂的检测方法。样品滤膜过滤后,经HLB Dierect Connect HP在线固相萃取小柱富集纯化,以ACQUITY UPLC BEH C₁₈为分析柱串联质谱进行检测,外标法定量。在线富集水样中新烟碱类物质在5.0~200 ng/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R²均大于0.99;检出限为0.30~2.92 ng/L,相对标准偏差均小于10%。该法可用于保障水环境安全、及时提供污染信息。     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用法测定海洋沉积物中的苯系物

利用顶空固相微萃取（HS-SPME）与气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）联用建立了测定海洋沉积物中的苯、甲苯、乙苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯、邻二甲苯以及苯乙烯等7种常见苯系物的检测分析方法。对无机盐的加入、平衡时间、萃取温度、萃取时间、解吸温度和时间等多个固相微萃取条件以及色谱条件进行了优化,内标法定量。结果表明：在0.500~20.0 ng/g范围内7种苯系物的线性关系良好,相关系数在0.995~0.999之间;方法检出限为0.0818~0.175 ng/g（干重）;日内和日间重现性较好,相对标准偏差分别为1.2%~3.6%（n=5）和0.4%~6.3%（n=3）;在每1.00 g海洋沉积物样品中2.0和15.0 ng加标水平下,平均加标回收率分别为61.7%~79.5%和77.1%~85.6%,相对标准偏差分别为5.4%~9.6%和3.9%~7.6%（n=5）。该方法快速、灵敏、简便,准确度高,重现性好,适合海洋沉积物样品中苯系物的痕量分析。     

在线固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-线性离子阱串联质谱法直接测定水中10种藻类毒素

建立了全自动在线固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-线性离子阱串联质谱法直接测定水中10种藻类毒素的方法.利用程序实现多次进样,通过在线固相萃取对藻类毒素进行富集,然后切换六通阀,将富集的目标物冲洗至分析柱进行分离后,进入线性离子阱质谱检测.10种藻类毒素在相应的浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.99,检出限在0.0015~0.0050μg/L之间,3个浓度水平(0.02、0.10和1.00μg/L)的加标回收率为83.7%~98.5%.结果表明,在线固相萃取极大简化了前处理过程,线性离子阱串联质谱法提高了痕量藻类毒素测定的灵敏度,增强子离子扫描(EPI)谱库的建立为藻类毒素的确证提供保障.本方法适用于水体中多种藻类毒素的快速确证和定量测定.     

在线固相萃取-液质联用法测定地下水中痕量苯胺和联苯胺

建立了在线固相萃取-液相色谱串联质谱法测定地下水中的痕量苯胺和联苯胺的方法。水样经HLB柱富集,HSS T3高效液相色谱柱分离,乙腈和0.1%的甲酸水溶液梯度洗脱,串联质谱检测,外标法定量。在进样量为5mL时,苯胺在50.0 ng/L~20.0μg/L,联苯胺在5.0 ng/L~2.0μg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数R均为0.999,苯胺和联苯胺的检出限分别为10.0,0.20 ng/L。实际水样的回收率,苯胺为65%~86%,联苯胺为85%~98%。方法可用于地下水中痕量苯胺和联苯胺的检测。     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测环境水体中18种农药残留

建立了固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（SPE-UPLC-MS/MS）同时检测环境水体中不同极性范围的18种农药残留的分析方法。样品经大体积固相萃取装置，以2 mL/min的速率通过Cleanrt^®-PEP固相萃取柱进行净化和富集，浓缩50倍后结合UPLC-MS/MS检测，外标法定量。研究表明，目标化合物在0.5~50 μg/L范围内线性关系良好，线性相关系数（R²）≥0.995；在10、100和1000 ng/L 3个添加水下，18种农药在3种不同环境水体中的平均回收率为71.3%~105.9%，相对标准偏差（RSD，n=5）为1.3%~9.9%；定量限（LOQ）均为10 ng/L。该方法应用于泰安市区周围水环境的检测，各采集位点均未检出农药残留。该方法具有净化效果好、通用性强、灵敏度高、准确度高和操作简单等优点，适用于环境水体中18种农药的残留检测。     

SPE-UPLC-MS/MS同时测定水环境中4大类15种抗生素EI北大核心CSCD

建立了应用固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术(SPE-UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定水环境中包括磺胺类、四环素类、大环内酯类和喹诺酮类在内的4大类15种抗生素的方法。采集的水样中加入同位素替代物后通过HLB固相萃取柱进行富集浓缩,UPLC-MS/MS进行测定,并采用内标法定量。结果表明,15种抗生素在0.5~50μg/L线性范围内检出限为0.04~0.09 ng/L,定量限为0.16~0.36 ng/L,样品加标回收率为59.5%~102.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于12%。该方法适用于水环境中痕量残留的抗生素检测。     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法同时测定不同水体中的6种雌激素

建立了固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱（SPE-UPLC-MS/MS）联用技术同时测定不同水体中6种雌激素（雌三醇、17-β-雌二醇、17- α-雌二醇、雌酮、炔雌醇、己烯雌酚）的分析方法。样品经HLB固相萃取柱提取和净化后经BEH C18色谱柱分离,采用MS/MS多反应监测模式（MRM）进行分析。采用内标法定量,以雌三醇-D3、17-β-雌二醇-D2、己烯雌酚-D8为内标。当6种雌激素的质量浓度在1.0~100 μg/L线性范围内时,所得回归方程的相关系数（r）均不小于0.9982;方法检出限为0.27~0.45 ng/L,定量限为1.08~1.78 ng/L;在高、中、低3个添加水平下的回收率为68.3%~97.4%,相对标准偏差（RSD）小于15%。该方法灵敏、准确,检测范围广,分析速度快,适用于地表水、废水、饮用水源水及生活用水等不同水体中6种雌激素的同时检测。     

固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定水中14种短链和长链全氟化合物

建立了固相萃取-超高压液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱同时测定水中14种短链和长链全氟化合物（PFCs）的方法。水样经WAX混合型固相萃取小柱富集和净化后,采用BEH C18色谱柱、甲醇和5 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,质谱采用多反应监测模式,内标法定量分析。14种PFCs在0.1~50 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数大于0.99,方法检出限和定量限分别为0.09~1.15 ng/L和0.29~3.85 ng/L。在2、10和20 ng/L加标水平下,8种PFCs的平均回收率为85.0%、120.2%和117.4%,平均相对标准偏差为9.2%、9.0%和6.6%,6种PFCs的回收率相对较低,主要由于其在瓶/管壁上的吸附作用导致。应用本方法分析某淡水湖水样,检出4种短链和5种长链PFCs,质量浓度为41.29~49.05 ng/L和98.43~111.02 ng/L。结果表明该方法适用于对环境水体中短链和长链PFCs的同时分析测定。     

Exploitation of a short monolithic column for in‐line separation and preconcentration: Environmental friendly determination of the emerging pollutant salicylic acid in natural waters

Salicylic acid is an emerging environmental contaminant, usually found at ng/L concentrations in natural waters. Its quantification usually involves liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry, which requires complex and costly instrumentation as well as time‐consuming sample pretreatment, typically involving large solvent volumes. In this work, sequential injection chromatography was exploited to develop a fast, green, cost‐effective, and highly sensitive procedure for fluorimetric determination of salicylic acid in natural waters. Analyte preconcentration directly on the chromatographic column (on‐column preconcentration) was exploited to improve detectability, yielding an enrichment factor of 122 (1.75 mL of sample) and takes only 8.5 min per determination. A detection limit of 20 ng/L, a linear response range from 0.06 to 5.00 µg/L, coefficients of variation lower than 3.0% (n = 10), and recoveries within 86 and 114% were estimated. The procedure was applied for the analyses of freshwater samples and results agreed with those obtained by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry at the 95% confidence level. The proposed procedure encompasses in‐line concentration, isolation/separation, and detection, without the need for sample clean‐up, thus minimizing the consumption of organic solvents and risk of analyte losse.     

Fast and Selective Determination of Pesticides in Water by Automated On-Line Solid Phase Extraction Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

An automated on line-solid phase extraction (SPE) liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of 17 polar pesticides in water. Minimizing sample pretreatment and using a fast chromatographic separation, the method allowed a sample to be processed in 15 minutes. The MS analysis was performed by Data Dependent Acquisition, using the triggered Multiple Reaction Mode function that provided analyte confirmation, thus enhancing selectivity without compromising sensitivity. In fact, the optimized method enabled the determination of the considered pesticides at the ultratrace level, with detection limits in the range 0.07–1.65 ng/L (propazine and atrazine-desisopropyl, respectively); the only exception was linuron that showed a slightly higher detection limit (12.2 ng/L). The optimized method was then applied to real water samples; five pesticides were determined in river water, in the range 1.17–14.2 ng/L, while four were measured in drinking water, in the range 0.91–2.25 ng/L.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定地表水中联苯胺、苦味酸、甲萘威、阿特拉津和溴氰菊酯

建立了一种经简单过滤即可直接进样的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）分析方法,可快速测定地表水中联苯胺、苦味酸、甲萘威、阿特拉津和溴氰菊酯5种有机物的残留。样品经0.2 μ m针式滤头过滤除去颗粒性杂质后,进行UPLC-MS/MS分析,采用UPLC HSS T₃色谱柱,2 mmol/L乙酸铵甲醇溶液和2 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾离子源电离,正、负离子切换多反应监测模式进行定性和定量分析。5种目标化合物分别在0.10~10.0 μ g/L或1.00~100 μ g/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.996~0.999,方法的检出限为0.01~0.22 μ g/L;高、中、低3个添加水平的回收率为81.4%~113%,相对标准偏差为0.84%~14.0%。利用该方法对杭州市部分河流和水库的地表水样品进行分析,其中阿特拉津和溴氰菊酯在部分水样中有阳性检出。结果表明,该方法简便快捷、灵敏准确,适用于地表水样品中联苯胺、苦味酸、甲萘威、阿特拉津和溴氰菊酯的快速测定。     

On-line SPE-Nano-LC-Nanospray-MS for rapid and sensitive determination of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate in river water

An instrumental set up including on-line solid-phase extraction, nano-liquid chromatography, and nanospray mass spectrometry is constructed to improve the sensitivity for quantitation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in surface water. Sample volumes of 1000 microL are loaded onto a microbore 1.0-mm i.d. x 5 mm, 5 microm Kromasil C(18) enrichment column by a carrier solution consisting of 10mM ammonium acetate in acetonitrile-water (10:90, v/v) at a flow rate of 250 microL/min, providing on-line analyte enrichment and sample clean-up. Backflushed elution onto a 0.1-mm i.d. x 150 mm, 3.5 microm Kromasil C(18) analytical column is conducted using an acetonitrile-10mM ammonium acetate solvent gradient from 30% to 70% acetonitrile. Water samples are added with internal standard (perfluoroheptanoic acid) and filtrated prior to injection. The mass limits of detection of PFOA and PFOS are 0.5 and 1 pg, respectively, corresponding to concentration limits of detection of 500 pg/L and 1 ng/L, respectively. The total time spent on sample preparation, chromatography, and detection is approximately 12 min per sample. The method was employed for the determination of PFOS and PFOA in urban river water.     

固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用同时测定河水和海水中87种农药

采用固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术,建立了河水和海水中87种农药(24种有机磷、15种有机氯、12种唑类、9种拟除虫菊酯类、5种氨基甲酸酯类、7种酰胺类及15种其他新型农药)的多残留同时分析方法。优化了影响分离效果和灵敏度的仪器参数,考察了固相萃取柱柱型及水样体积、pH、盐度的影响,采用NH2柱优化了净化效果,内标法和替代物法用于数据的质量控制。结果表明: 在最佳条件下,各目标农药的方法检出限为0.1～6.6 ng/L;以实际河水和海水为基底,在5 ng/L和20 ng/L的加标水平下,绝大多数目标农药的回收率为60%～120%,相对标准偏差(n=4)为0.01%～9.7%。该法灵敏、准确,已成功地应用于福建九龙江河口区表层水样中多种类农药的复合污染监测,检出包括5种有机磷类、3种酰胺类、4种唑类、3种氨基甲酸酯类、2种拟除虫菊酯类等农药20种。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定水中13种有机污染物

以地表水环境质量标准严格控制的特定项目为依据,建立了直接进样-高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定水中13种化学性质差异较大的有机污染物的分析方法,这13种有机污染物为乐果、敌敌畏、敌百虫、对硫磷、甲基对硫磷、马拉硫磷、内吸磷、丙烯酰胺、苯胺、联苯胺、甲萘威、微囊藻毒素-LR、阿特拉津。水样经0.22 μm尼龙66滤膜过滤后,采用Kromasil 100-5 C18柱(150 mm×2.1 mm, 5 μm)分离,以甲醇-0.01%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速0.5 mL/min,柱温40 ℃,电喷雾正离子模式(ESI⁺)电离,多反应监测模式(MRM)进行检测,外标法定量。13种化合物的浓度与其峰面积在一定浓度范围内均呈现良好的线性关系(r≥0.9995),方法检出限为0.02~0.1 μg/L。测定低、中、高浓度的加标样品,13种化合物的相对标准偏差为0.5%~5.0%(n=6),实际样品加标平均回收率为81.2%~112%。此方法灵敏度高、干扰小、分析速度快,可适用于地表水、地下水中这13种有机污染物的同时分析。     

固相萃取/液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水中苯胺类化合物及基质干扰的消除

建立了固相萃取/液相色谱-串联质谱检测水中18种苯胺类化合物的分析方法,并优化了固相萃取和色谱条件。水样经混合型阳离子交换柱(MCX)或硅胶基体阳离子交换柱(SCX)富集后,用氨水甲醇溶液洗脱,用超纯水适当地稀释后,用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定。以ODS柱为分离柱,甲醇-0.005%(v/v)甲酸水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,多反应监测模式分析,内标法定量。18种苯胺类化合物的分析时间在15 min之内。采用MCX柱萃取时,16种苯胺化合物的方法检出限为0.002~0.035 μ g/L,地表水样品的加标回收率为72.5%~92.5%,相对标准偏差为1.4%~9.6%;采用SCX柱萃取时,17种苯胺类化合物的方法检出限为0.013~0.207 μ g/L,地表水样品的加标回收率为66.5%~102%,相对标准偏差为2.4%~13.6%。本实验还考察了消除基质干扰的5种方法,结果表明,调整色谱分离条件是最有效的方法,其次是选择合适的前处理方法。更换离子源、内标法定量和利用基质标准溶液校正也可在一定程度上消除或补偿基质干扰。     

Preconcentration of atrazine and simazine with multiwalled carbon nanotubes as solid-phase extraction disk

A sensitive and selective preconcentration method using solid-phase extraction (SPE) disk, namely multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) disk, is proposed for the determination of atrazine and simazine in water samples. Atrazine and simazine were extracted on MWCNTs disk and then determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Several parameters on the enrichment factor of the analytes were investigated. The experimental results showed that it was possible to obtain quantitative analysis when the solution pH was 5 using 200 mL of validation solution containing 0.1 μg of triazines and 5 mL of acetone as an eluent. The maximum enrichment factors for atrazine and simazine were 3900 ± 250 and 4000 ± 110, respectively when 200 mL of sample solution volume was used. Relative standard deviations for seven determinations were 6.9% (atrazine) and 3.0% (simazine) under optimum conditions. The linear range of calibration curves were 0.1 to 1 ng mL^{− 1} for each analyte with good correlation coefficients. The detection limits (3S/N) were 2.5 and 5.0 pg mL^{− 1} for atrazine and simazine, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of atrazine and simazine in environmental water samples with high precision and accuracy.