针对流体大变形问题网格邻域可变技术

结合大量实际问题,研究基于邻域可变的拉氏局部重分新方法,允许网格邻域在计算中局部跟随流体可变,虽然可能会导致任意多边形网格,但比标准的拉氏+重分方法有更好的拉氏特点.网格邻域可变的局部重分策略是基于计算过程中处理网格相交的思想,即在网格相交处改变网格邻域关系,使网格不会出现相交,保持计算正常进行.通过几个数值例子论证方法的特点,并与标准的拉氏+重分方法进行比较,显示其优点.     

二维三温辐射流体力学拉氏计算中的子网格压力方法

研究对应于电子压、离子压、光子压的扰动隅角力的计算方法,提出二维三温辐射流体力学拉氏计算中的两种子网格压力方法,即基于状态方程和基于几何的方法.数值试验表明,这两种方法均能很好地抑制二维三温辐射流体力学拉氏计算中出现的网格非物理畸变.     

物理质团法:一个普适的数值方法体系

无网格方法根据分布于近邻空间各个方向的微元体物理信息构造离散方程,显著降低了空间导数计算对微元体本身及微元体之间拓扑结构的条件限制,极大提高了拉氏方法的大变形计算能力.由于不能利用微元体的完备几何信息,不容易构造符合物理的无网格算法,对那些物理参数存在间断的模型对象,难以获得稳定和准确的计算结果.本文基于对物理规律及数值模拟发展趋势的分析,提出符合物理且具有强普适性的无网格方法体系.基于该方法的一维算例表明,即使物理参数存在强烈间断,数值结果也能很好地逼近问题的真解.     

拉氏数值模拟中的人工粘性方法

较好的人工粘性需要满足较小的计算开销、不能去除真实具有的涡运动等条件.提出一种应用于拉氏数值模拟中基于Lew人工粘性,同时增加了限制器的人工粘性方法.可以有效减少数值模拟结果对网格的依赖;采用特征值限制器控制施加的人工粘性大小,通过限制器能够区分激波压缩和等熵压缩;方便应用在二维、三维,结构网格或者非结构网格上.     

非结构子网格压力方法

纯拉氏流体力学计算失败的根源是砂漏运动和虚假涡旋,运用子网格拉氏质量与其相关的子网格密度得到子网格压力,子网格压力产生的扰动隅角力能消除这些虚假运动,以便消除困扰拉氏流体力学算法的网格畸变带来的数值计算困难.将包括子网格压力的相容流体算法推广到非结构网格,研制包括非结构子网格压力的相容流体程序,对Saltzman活塞问题进行数值模拟,从数值结果分析可知,非结构子网格压力方法能抑制虚假涡旋,消除砂漏畸变.     

弹塑性流体力学拉氏自适应网格和网格重分守恒重映数值模拟方法

拉氏自适应重分弹塑性流体力学有限元程序实现了网格完全自适应，具有良好、灵活的非结构自适应网格数据结构，实现了滑移界面两边(接触间断)网格动态调整，网格的细分和合并处理灵活，网格重分和网格自适应模块兼容、守恒重映，网格重分中采用多种方法控制新网格的质量，爆轰计算可采用Lee-Tarver的化学反应率模式。初步数值计算结果表明，弹塑性流体力学拉氏自适应重分数值模拟方法合理，计算结果正确，基本反映了流场的物理结构。     

多介质流体力学两步欧拉方法的模型封闭性方法

描述多介质流体力学两步欧拉方法拉氏步中方程的不封闭问题.分析已存在的模型封闭性方法的优缺点,给出根据声速特征的自适应的模型封闭性方法.数值例子表明方法合理可靠,并说明压力弛豫过程在数值计算中的作用.     

非结构多边形网格滑移线开穴算法

基于非结构任意多边形网格管理体系及束缚滑移技术,针对多介质多次加卸载大变形问题的模拟,发展滑移线开穴算法,并利用金属碰撞分离模型进行验证.给出滑移线上的点和网格的开闭穴状态判别方法及网格开闭情况下滑移线上点的速度计算方法.该滑移计算技术将传统结构网格的开穴算法推广到拉氏非结构多边形网格中,保留拉氏滑移算法无缝连接和较好模拟物质界面的优点,实现了模拟实际问题中物质界面开闭功能.在金属碰撞分离模型中采用多种网格、不同界面形状和多介质等条件进行测试,证明了算法的正确性.     

基于移动网格的熵稳定格式

提出一种基于移动网格的熵稳定格式求解双曲型守恒律方程.该方法利用等分布原理得到新的网格分布,基于守恒型插值公式计算新的网格上的物理量,使用熵稳定数值通量和三阶强稳定Runge-Kutta时间推进方法得到下一时刻的数值解.数值算例表明该格式不仅能有效提高解在间断处的分辨率,而且能消除可能产生的伪振荡.     

流体力学拉氏程序收敛性及数值计算不确定度初探

将欧氏(Eulerian)数值模拟不确定度分析的基本概念和方法引进拉氏(Lagrangian)计算中,包括渐近收敛阶、渐近收敛域、网格收敛指标(Grid convergence index,GCI)等.给出GCI方法刻画数值计算不确定度的具体步骤.并应用于N-R格式,验证了方法的有效性.     

ReALE: A reconnection-based arbitrary-Lagrangian–Eulerian method

We present a new reconnection-based arbitrary-Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) method. The main elements in a standard ALE simulation are an explicit Lagrangian phase in which the solution and grid are updated, a rezoning phase in which a new grid is defined, and a remapping phase in which the Lagrangian solution is transferred (conservatively interpolated) onto the new grid. In standard ALE methods the new mesh from the rezone phase is obtained by moving grid nodes without changing connectivity of the mesh. Such rezone strategy has its limitation due to the fixed topology of the mesh. In our new method we allow connectivity of the mesh to change in rezone phase, which leads to general polygonal mesh and allows to follow Lagrangian features of the mesh much better than for standard ALE methods. Rezone strategy with reconnection is based on using Voronoi tessellation. We demonstrate performance of our new method on series of numerical examples and show it superiority in comparison with standard ALE methods without reconnection.     

A two-dimensional unstructured cell-centered multi-material ALE scheme using VOF interface reconstruction

We present a new cell-centered multi-material arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) scheme to solve the compressible gas dynamics equations on two-dimensional unstructured grid. Our ALE method is of the explicit time-marching Lagrange plus remap type. Namely, it involves the following three phases: a Lagrangian phase wherein the flow is advanced using a cell-centered scheme; a rezone phase in which the nodes of the computational grid are moved to more optimal positions; a cell-centered remap phase which consists of interpolating conservatively the Lagrangian solution onto the rezoned grid. The multi-material modeling utilizes either concentration equations for miscible fluids or the Volume Of Fluid (VOF) capability with interface reconstruction for immiscible fluids. The main original feature of this ALE scheme lies in the introduction of a new mesh relaxation procedure which keeps the rezoned grid as close as possible to the Lagrangian one. In this formalism, the rezoned grid is defined as a convex combination between the Lagrangian grid and the grid resulting from condition number smoothing. This convex combination is constructed through the use of a scalar parameter which is a scalar function of the invariants of the Cauchy–Green tensor over the Lagrangian phase. Regarding the cell-centered remap phase, we employ two classical methods based on a partition of the rezoned cell in terms of its overlap with the Lagrangian cells. The first one is a simplified swept face-based method whereas the second one is a cell-intersection-based method. Our multi-material ALE methodology is assessed through several demanding two-dimensional tests. The corresponding numerical results provide a clear evidence of the robustness and the accuracy of this new scheme.     

Numerical simulations of instabilities in the implosion process of inertial confined fusion in 2D cylindrical coordinates

In this paper, we introduce a multi-material arbitrary Lagrangian and Eulerian method for the hydrodynamic radiative multi-group diffusion model in 2D cylindrical coordinates. The basic idea in the construction of the method is the following: In the Lagrangian step, a closure model of radiation-hydrodynamics is used to give the states of equations for materials in mixed cells. In the mesh rezoning step, we couple the rezoning principle with the Lagrangian interface tracking method and an Eulerian interface capturing scheme to compute interfaces sharply according to their deformation and to keep cells in good geometric quality. In the interface reconstruction step, a dual-material Moment-of-Fluid method is introduced to obtain the unique interface in mixed cells. In the remapping step, a conservative remapping algorithm of conserved quantities is presented. A number of numerical tests are carried out and the numerical results show that the new method can simulate instabilities in complex fluid field under large deformation,and are accurate and robust.     

Mesh refinement algorithms in an unstructured solver for multiphase flow simulation using discrete particles

This study developed spray-adaptive mesh refinement algorithms with directional sensitivity in an unstructured solver to improve spray simulation for internal combustion engine application. Inadequate spatial resolution is often found to cause inaccuracies in spray simulation using the Lagrangian–Eulerian approach due to the over-estimated diffusion and inappropriate liquid–gas phase coupling. Dynamic mesh refinement algorithms adaptive to fuel sprays and vapor gradients were developed in order to increase the grid resolution in the spray region to improve simulation accuracy. The local refinement introduced the coarse-fine face interface that requires advanced numerical schemes for flux calculation and grid rezoning with moving boundaries. To resolve the issue in flux calculation, this work implemented the refinement/coarsening algorithms into a collocated solver to avoid tedious interpolations in solving the momentum equations. A pressure correction method was applied to address unphysical pressure oscillations due to the collocation of pressure and velocity. An edge-based algorithm was used to evaluate the edge-centered quantities in order to account for the contributions from all the cells around an edge at the coarse-fine interface. A quasi-second-order upwind scheme with strong monotonicity was also modified to accommodate the coarse-fine interface for convective fluxes. To resolve the issue related to grid rezoning, rezoning was applied to the initial baseline mesh only and the new locations of the refined grids were obtained by interpolating the updated baseline mesh. The time step constraints were also re-evaluated to account for the change resulting from mesh refinement. The present refinement algorithm was used in simulating fuel sprays in an engine combustion chamber. It was found that the present approach could produce the same level of results as those using the uniformly fine mesh with substantially reduced computer time. Results also showed that this approach could alleviate the artifacts related to the Lagrangian discrete modeling of spray drops due to insufficient spatial resolution.     

ALE框架下几种不同Godunov型格式的数值比较

给出一种有限体积Godunov型的ALE方法,用于求解多介质大变形的可压缩流动问题.由于方法具有任意的网格移动速度,可在拉氏、欧氏和ALE之间切换,具有较强的适应性.通过数值算例对这3种框架下的数值特性进行了比较研究.同时还研究了几种不同Godunov型格式的数值行为特性,分析比较了它们对激波和接触间断的分辨效果.     

自适应于流场变化的网格重构方法

提出九点网格重构方法,不仅生成的网格正交性和光滑性好,而且重构后的网格与物理问题解的空间分布相适应,实现了重构后的网格品质好.理论上证明了九点网格重构方法逼近椭圆型方程,并具有球对称性,数值试验表明,该方法具有很好的适应复杂区域的稳健性,在爆轰驱动或高速冲击ALE(Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian)数值模拟中具有较高的应用价值.     

On adaptive-grid computations of variable stars

We show that the use of an implicit adaptive-grid technique is an efficient and up-to-date approach for the calculations of radial oscillations in variable stars. We chose as an illustrative example the radiative envelope of an RR Lyrae variable.

For the hydrostatic initial model we compare the Lagrangian ratioed zoning with an adaptive-grid rezoning. We show that the adaptive-grid yields an optimal distribution of the mesh points in the sense that the relevant physical features, the hydrogen and first and second helium ionization zones, are well resolved.

For the hydrodynamical evolution we present the full-amplitude model for both the Lagrangian and adaptive-grid computations. We perform a detailed comparison and show that the adaptive-grid method yields limit cycle solutions that are substantially improved over the Lagrangian grid model. This is due to the fact that the Lagrangian mesh sweeps through the ionization zones twice during one oscillation period, whereas the adaptive-mesh resolves them and tracks them continuously. The results are, in particular, smooth radial velocity and light curves.

Beyond a physically better defined solution we also observe larger time steps for the convergence towards the limit cycle and for the evolution during one period.     

Modeling material responses by arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian formulation and adaptive mesh refinement method

In this paper we report an efficient numerical method combining a staggered arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) formulation with the adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) method for materials modeling including elastic–plastic flows, material failure, and fragmentation predictions. Unlike traditional AMR applied on fixed domains, our investigation focuses on the application to moving and deforming meshes resulting from Lagrangian motion. We give details of this numerical method with a capability to simulate elastic–plastic flows and predict material failure and fragmentation, and our main focus of this paper is to create an efficient method which combines ALE and AMR methods to simulate the dynamics of material responses with deformation and failure mechanisms. The interlevel operators and boundary conditions for these problems in AMR meshes have been investigated, and error indicators to locate material deformation and failure regions are studied. The method has been applied on several test problems, and the solutions of the problems obtained with the ALE–AMR method are reported. Parallel performance and software design for the ALE–AMR method are also discussed.     

A sound ray tracing algorithm in three-dimensional heterogeneous media based on wavefront traveltimes interpolation

A kind of three-dimensional（3-D） sound ray tracing algorithm in heterogeneous media is studied. This algorithm includes two steps： the first step computes the wavefront traveltimes forward; the second step traces the sound rays backward. In the first step, the computation of wavefront traveltimes at discrete grid points from the sound source, was found on Eikonal equation solutions and carried out by GMM （Group marching method） wavefront marching method based on level set. In the second step, sound ray tracing was proceeded gradually from the receiver to each cell towards the sound source, with wavefront traveltimes computed in the first step. Time values on arbitrary positions in each cuboid cell can be expressed by linear interpolation of wavefront traveltimes at the same cell＇s grid points. Thus, an algorithm of 3-D sound ray tracing in heterogeneous media is put forward. The simulation results indicate that this method can improve both the accuracy and the efficiency of 3-D sound ray tracing greatly.     

Accurate interface-tracking for arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian schemes

We present a new method for tracking an interface immersed in a given velocity field which is particularly relevant to the simulation of unsteady free surface problems using the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) framework. The new method has been constructed with two goals in mind: (i) to be able to accurately follow the interface; and (ii) to automatically achieve a good distribution of the grid points along the interface. In order to achieve these goals, information from a pure Lagrangian approach is combined with information from an ALE approach. Our implementation relies on the solution of several pure convection problems along the interface in order to obtain the relevant information. The new method offers flexibility in terms of how an “optimal” point distribution should be defined. We have proposed several model problems, each with a prescribed time-dependent velocity field and starting with a prescribed interface; these problems should be useful in order to validate the accuracy of interface-tracking algorithms, e.g., as part of an ALE solver for free surface flows. We have been able to verify first, second, and third order temporal accuracy for the new method by solving these two-dimensional model problems.