非离子水溶性膦配体的合成及其应用进展

按非离子水溶性膦配体的发展特点,就羟基取代膦配体、天然碳水化合物为母体的膦配体、聚醚基取代的膦配体、具手性中心的膦配体、高分子负载型膦配体、温控相转移膦配体、环糊精改性的膦配体等类型的非离子水溶性膦配体的合成及其在两相催化中的应用作一综述。     

不对称催化烷基化反应中配体研究进展

总结了用于不对称催化烷基化反应的氨基醇类配体、磺酰胺类配体、二茂铁类配体、吡啶醇类配体、手性磷类配体和固载的配体的最新研究成果,参考文献44篇。     

手性烯烃配体在不对称催化领域的最新进展

手性烯烃配体是一类具有重要应用前景的新型配体,自发展以来就引起化学家们的广泛关注.手性烯烃配体在一些反应中表现出比传统氮、磷、氧配体更高的活性和选择性,实现了一些使用其它类型配体不能实现的化学转化.为了增强手性烯烃配体与金属的配位能力,化学家们在其骨架上引入杂原子,发展得到混合型的烯烃配体,增加了配体的多样性,对进一步拓展手性烯烃配体的类型和应用具有非常重要的意义.目前关于手性烯烃配体已经有一些综述,本综述将着重介绍最近几年来发展的手性开链双烯配体、手性膦烯烃配体和手性硫烯烃配体及其在过渡金属催化的不对称反应领域的应用.     

应用角度重叠模型推求任意对称场中的配体场势函数

配体场理论认为,在配合物中,中央体的能级分裂主要取决于配体在中央体处的配体场势。配体场势函数的形式取决于配合物中配体的个数和配体分布的对     

无机化学中空间效应的定量研究 Ⅲ.弱配位场作用下配体的重排反应

弱配位场作用下,配体不合理的堆积将导致配体的交换重排反应。从配体空间堆积效应分析了配体混合重排反应、金属—配体非整数比化学组成、奇偶效应等现象。     

烯烃聚合钯催化剂研究进展

综述了烯烃聚合钯催化剂的研究进展,烯烃聚合钯催化剂的配体类型有膦配体、氮配体、碳配体、氧配体、氮-氧配体、膦-氧配体、氮-膦配体等。与齐格勒-纳塔催化剂和茂金属催化剂相比,烯烃聚合钯催化剂具有高催化活性、单活性中心和良好的分子剪裁性等优点,可在分子层次上实现烯烃聚合的分子设计与组装;与铁、钴、镍等后过渡金属催化剂相比,烯烃聚合钯催化剂具有反应条件较温和、催化活性和立体选择性较高的优势。     

非膦配体Pd催化的偶联反应发展进程

膦配体钯催化的偶联反应在工业应用中占据重要地位,但因传统膦配体的使用有诸多弊端,因而导致非膦配体的发展及应用.按照不同类别对非膦配体的新进展进行了综述.     

亚胺配体协同氮杂环卡宾钯配合物催化碳碳偶联反应的作用机制

在氮杂环卡宾-钯(NHC-Pd)配合物催化的碳-碳偶联反应中,配体结构对催化反应起到关键作用.为了实现更好的催化效果,不仅要对NHC配体进行结构优化,还需要第二配体的协同作用.然而,由于第二配体配位能力大大弱于NHC配体,其在催化反应中的协同作用往往被忽视.合成出了3种由相同结构NHC配体以及不同结构亚胺配体组成的NHC-Pd配合物来催化Suzuki-Miyaura交叉偶联反应.实验结果表明,在相同的反应条件下,3种亚胺配体协同的NHC-Pd配合物表现出了明显不同的催化效果.进一步采用理论计算来深入研究亚胺配体协同的NHC-Pd配合物在催化反应中的作用机制.通过完整催化循环过程的计算,发现虽然亚胺配体并没有参与到催化循环过程中,但亚胺配体与氯苯会形成竞争配位,它们与NHC-Pd(0)的配位能力差异直接导致实际参与催化循环的有效活性中心的浓度的差异,计算表明大位阻缺电子的亚胺配体更有利于反应的进行.通过研究,更好地阐明了亚胺配体在催化碳-碳偶联反应中的作用机制,并为NHC-Pd配合物的结构调控提供了新策略.     

二氧化硅固载Ru基催化剂上二氧化碳加氢合成甲酸的研究(III): 配体对催化剂反应性能的影响

考察了不同配体对原位合成的固载Ru基催化剂上CO2加氢合成HCOOH反应活性的影响,对于以单齿三苯基类ZPh3分子为配体的催化剂,活性大小顺序为:PPh3>AsPh3>NPh3.以PPh3为配体时,其相应的原位合成催化剂上HCOOH的TOF值为656h-1.其次,双齿膦配体的使用能带来比单齿膦配体更高的活性.以dppe[1,2-双(二苯基膦基)乙烷]为配体时,其相应的原位合成催化剂上HCOOH的TOF值为1190h-1.量子化学的理论计算结果表明,具有适中的σ给予性和π接受性,较小的空间位阻,较好的电子离域作用的PPh3配体性能优于其它单齿三苯基类配体.而具有较好的电子离域作用,并且有螯合作用的双齿膦配体性能优于单齿膦配体.     

高效手性膦配体的研究进展

手性膦配体的合成及应用是不对称有机反应中的重要研究领域.按照手性膦配体的手性中心以及配体结构的不同,对近二十年来在不对称合成中所报道的高效手性膦配体的研究进展进行了综述,并对该类配体的发展前景进行了展望.     

手性膦配体合成及其在不对称催化中的应用*

本文较为详细地综述了手性膦配体的合成进展, 并介绍了其在不对称氢化反应、不对称氢甲酰化反应及不对称氢酯基化反应中的应用。     

Application of a chiral scaffolding ligand in catalytic enantioselective hydroformylation

The synthesis of β-amino-aldehydes has been achieved through enantioselective hydroformylation of PMP-protected allylic amines. The reaction is accomplished by using a scalemic scaffolding ligand that covalently and reversibly binds to the substrate. These ligands behave like chiral auxiliaries because they are covalently attached to the substrate during hydroformylation; however, similar to traditional asymmetric ligands, they can be used in catalytic quantities. The directed hydroformylation of disubstituted olefins occurs under mild conditions (35 °C and 50 psi CO/H(2)), and Z-olefins afford excellent enantioselectivities (up to 93% ee).     

碳水化合物含磷配体在不对称催化中的应用*

糖类化合物价廉易得,具有天然手性结构,糖环上的多个羟基经过修饰,可以连接多种官能团。近年来手性糖类化合物的合成与应用研究引起了人们的广泛关注,尤其是在不对称合成和催化中的应用研究已成为有机化学中非常活跃的领域。碳水化合物含磷手性配体在不对称催化反应中的应用研究进展十分迅速,本文综述了近年来碳水化合物含磷手性配体与金属形成络合物作为催化剂,在不对称催化氢化、不对称烯丙位取代和不对称氢甲酰化等反应中的研究进展。     

Asymmetric hydroformylation of styrene catalyzed by furanoside phosphine–phosphite–Rh(I) complexes

A series of phosphine–phosphite ligands, derived from inexpensive -(+)-xylose, were tested in the Rh-catalyzed asymmetric hydroformylation of styrene. Systematic variation of the phosphite moiety revealed a remarkable effect on the selectivity of the hydroformylation catalysts. High regioselectivities for 2-phenylpropanal (up to 95%) and moderate enantioselectivity were found under mild reaction conditions (25–40°C, 25 bar of syn gas). The hydroformylation results are explained by the solution structures of the intermediate species formed under hydroformylation conditions.     

First successful application of diphosphite ligands in the asymmetric hydroformylation of dihydrofurans

Good enantioselectivities and excellent regioselectivities are achieved in the Rh-catalyzed asymmetric hydroformylation of 2,5- and 2,3-dihydrofuran using diphosphite ligands; whereby the backbone of the ligand is crucial to suppressing isomerization and obtaining high ee's.     

Application of Supramolecular Bidentate Hybrid Ligands in Asymmetric Hydroformylation

In this study we report a novel class of supramolecular bidentate hybrid ligands in which the two inequivalent phosphorus units and pyridine moieties are covalently attached to a chiral scaffold and the supramolecular interactions are used as a second handle to control the coordination sphere around the transition‐metal centre. The coordination chemistry of these ligands was investigated under hydroformylation conditions by high‐pressure NMR and IR spectroscopy, revealing the formation of a single active species in which the phosphane ligand is in the axial position and the phosphoramidite adopts the equatorial position. These ligands were applied in the asymmetric Rh‐catalysed hydroformylation of styrene and para‐substituted analogues. In these hydroformylation reactions, modification of the electronic and steric properties of the zinc(II)‐templates appear to have a significant influence on the activity and selectivity of the catalysis. In particular, zinc(II)‐templates bearing more electron‐withdrawing substituents led to an increase in enantioselectivity.     

Parallel ligand screening on olefin mixtures in asymmetric hydroformylation reactions

[reaction: see text] Herein we describe a new protocol for catalyst evaluation in asymmetric hydroformylation reactions where multisubstrate screening is performed in an array of parallel reactors. This method was successfully demonstrated using a mixture of styrene, allyl cyanide, and vinyl acetate. Using this screening methodology, a set of phosphite ligands was evaluated and led to the discovery of a bisphosphite ligand that gave 88% ee and unprecedented >100:1 branched:linear regioselectivity in asymmetric hydroformylation of vinyl acetate.     

Chiral diphosphines and diphosphinites derived from 2,2-biphosphole: Stereodynamic ligands for asymmetric catalysis

In this account, the recent advances on chiral stereochemically dynamic 2,2’-biphosphole ligands for applications in asymmetric catalysis are reported. In the first part, the synthesis of stereodynamic diphosphines and diphosphinites derived from 2,2’-biphosphole is presented. The second part describes the kinetic dynamic resolution to give diastereo- and enantiopure complexes. Applications in asymmetric allylic substitution, hydroformylation and hydrogenation are presented in the last part.     

Highly selective asymmetric Rh-catalyzed hydroformylation of heterocyclic olefins

A small family of new chiral hybrid, diphosphorus ligands, consisting of phosphine-phosphoramidites L1 and L2 and phosphine-phosphonites L3a-c, was synthesized for the application in Rh-catalyzed asymmetric hydroformylation of heterocyclic olefins. High-pressure (HP)-NMR and HP-IR spectroscopy under 5-10 bar of syngas has been employed to characterize the corresponding catalyst resting state with each ligand. Indole-based ligands L1 and L2 led to selective ea coordination, while the xanthene derived system L3c gave predominant ee coordination. Application of the small bite-angle ligands L1 and L2 in the highly selective asymmetric hydroformylation (AHF) of the challenging substrate 2,3-dihydrofuran (1) yielded the 2-carbaldehyde (3) as the major regioisomer in up to 68% yield (with ligand L2) along with good ee's of up to 62%. This is the first example in which the asymmetric hydroformylation of 1 is both regio- and enantioselective for isomer 3. Interestingly, use of ligand L3c in the same reaction completely changed the regioselectivity to 3-carbaldehyde (4) with a remarkably high enantioselectivity of 91%. Ligand L3c also performs very well in the Rh-catalyzed asymmetric hydroformylation of other heterocyclic olefins. Highly enantioselective conversion of the notoriously difficult substrate 2,5-dihydrofuran (2) is achieved using the same catalyst, with up to 91% ee, concomitant with complete regioselectivity to the 3-carbaldehyde product (4) under mild reaction conditions. Interestingly, the Rh-catalyst derived from L3c is thus able to produce both enantiomers of 3-carbaldehyde 4, simply by changing the substrate from 1 to 2. Furthermore, 85% ee was obtained in the hydroformylation of N-acetyl-3-pyrroline (5) with exceptionally high regioselectivities for 3-carbaldehyde 8Ac (>99%). Similarly, an ee of 86% for derivative 8Boc was accomplished using the same catalyst system in the AHF of N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3-pyrroline (6). These results represent the highest ee's reported to date in the AHF of dihydrofurans (1, 2) and 3-pyrrolines (5, 6).     

Chiral phosphine-phosphoramidite ligands in asymmetric catalysis

Chiral phosphine-phosphoramidite ligands, featuring ready availability, easy modification, and stability towards air and moisture, have recently emerged as a new kind of robust ligands for asymmetric catalysis. They have been found to display wide utilities in various catalytic asymmetric reactions, giving excellent enantioselectivities in the Rh-, Ru-, and Ir-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of C?C, C?O, and C?N double bonds; Rh-catalyzed asymmetric hydroformylation; Pd-catalyzed asymmetric hydrophosphorylation; Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation; Ag-catalyzed asymmetric [3 + 2] cycloaddition; and Cu-catalyzed conjugate addition and reduction. In this review, the progress on the development of chiral phosphine-phosphoramidite ligands in asymmetric catalysis has been summarized.