紫外光分光光度法测定淫羊藿中维生素C的含量

紫外光分光光度法测定淫羊藿中维生素C含量。测定波长为243nm;维生素C浸提剂为1.0%（V/V）盐酸溶液;维生素C浓度在2—50mg/L范围内与吸光度线性关系良好（r=0.9992,n=3）;回收率在97%—115%之间（n=3）;相对标准偏差都小于6.0%（n=3）;检出限（LOD）和定量限（LOQ）分别为1.33mg/L和4.04mg/L。人工栽培的箭叶淫羊藿、天平山淫羊藿和长蕊淫羊藿鲜叶中维生素C的含量不同。     

有机栽培芹菜和普通栽培芹菜的矿物元素与营养物质含量比较研究

采用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法对来自有机生产体系和常规生产体系芹菜的Ca,Mg,K,Zn,Fe,Mn等必需元素和Cu,Cd和Pb等重金属元素含量进行了测定,同时对水分含量、总可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖、维生素C等含量进行了测定,发现有机栽培芹菜中K和Zn的含量较普通栽培芹菜分别显著高出70.22%和47.93%,差异显著(α=0.05);两种芹菜中Ca,Mg,Fe的含量差异不显著;有机栽培芹菜中Mn的含量较普通栽培芹菜显著低47.24%;两种芹菜中有害重金属Cu,Pb,Cd的含量差异不显著,且含量低于国标中规定的蔬菜Cu,Pb,Cd的含量;有机栽培芹菜与普通栽培芹菜水分含量、可溶性固形物含量无显著性差异,而有机栽培芹菜可溶性糖含量高出55.04%,维生素C的含量高出118.18%,差异显著。通过研究两种芹菜营养成分和矿物元素含量的不同,为有机栽培与常规栽培蔬菜的品质和安全性比较提供了有价值的参考。     

分光光度法测定柚子中的维生素C

柚子是一种含维生素C较高的水果,采用2,4-二硝基苯肼法对柚子中的维生素C含量进行测定.先进行波长扫描,确定维生素C的最大吸光度在510nm.然后绘制校准曲线,得到校准曲线方程y=0.0545x+0.053(r=0.9992),测定矮晚柚的平均维生素C含量为75.89mg/100g.并做了3个柚类品种的加标回收实验,回收率都在90％以上,说明此种方法准确率高,方法可行,可用于水果、蔬菜维生素C含量的测定.     

有机和常规种植条件下樱桃番茄的营养物质含量与矿物元素ICP-AES分析

近年来随着一系列食品安全事件的发生,人们越来越关注食品安全问题。有机食品被认为是一种安全和有益于环保的食品,需求量逐年增加。采用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法对有机樱桃番茄和常规生产的樱桃番茄的Ca,Mg,K,Zn,Fe,Mn等必需元素和Cu,Cd和Pb等重金属元素含量进行了测定,同时对水分含量、总可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖、维生素C等含量进行了测定。结果发现有机栽培番茄中K、Ca和Zn的含量较常规栽培的分别高出4.52%,129.81%和65.43%,Mn的含量较常规栽培番茄低11.22%差异显著(α=0.05)。有机番茄中有益金属Mg,Fe与有害重金属Cu,Pb,Cd的含量与常规栽培的差异都不显著。有机栽培与常规栽培的番茄中可溶性糖、维生素C的含量亦都没有显著差异, 但可溶性固形物、可溶性蛋白含量显著高于常规栽培的番茄。本文通过研究两种樱桃番茄营养成分和矿物元素含量的不同,为有机蔬菜的品质和安全性提供理论数据。     

叶面喷硒对胡萝卜品质的影响

采用不同浓度的Na2SeO3进行胡萝卜叶面喷施的盆栽实验,探讨硒对胡萝卜品质的影响.结果表明,叶面喷施Na2SeO3浓度在0.5-50mg/L范围内对维生素C含量均显著提高;浓度在1.0-100mg/L时,磷、总糖、胡萝卜素的含量均高于对照且达到极显著水平.综上所述,叶面喷施Na2SeO3能显著提高胡萝卜品质,喷施浓度100mg/L以下为宜.     

原子吸收光谱法测定不同采收时间栽培与野生羌活药材中微量元素的含量

利用空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了不同采收时问(5月、6月、7月、8月和9月)的野生与栽培宽叶羌活药材中微量元素Ca,Mg,Fe,Mn,Cu和Zn的含量,应用SPSS16.0分析软件对结果进行统计分析.结果发现:羌活药材含有丰富的微量元素,栽培与野生宽叶羌活药材中微量元素的含量均以Ca元素的含量最高,Cu元素含量最...     

人工种植黄芩与野生黄芩叶中Se含量及氨基酸含量的比较研究

采用荧光光度法测定了人工种植黄芩和野生黄芩叶中微量元素Se的含量,氨基酸分析仪测定了18种氨基酸的含量,结果表明人工种植黄芩叶与野生黄芩叶中皆含有较高的Se,但其含量没有显著差异(α=0.05)。黄芩叶中富含氨基酸,其中含量较多的是天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、亮氨酸,人工种植黄芩叶氨基酸含量高于野生黄芩叶,说明人工种植黄芩可以替代野生黄芩用于黄芩叶产品的开发。实验结果为揭示黄芩的生物功能以及比较人工种植黄芩和野生黄芩叶中Se及氨基酸的差异提供有用数据,并为开发黄芩叶食用、药用价值提供理论依据。     

利用二次谐波在体分析番茄中的番茄红素和β-胡萝卜素含量

番茄中含有番茄红素和β-胡萝卜素两种重要的营养成分.两种成分的主要拉曼光谱基团相同,利用基频很难在体将两种成分区分开.应用激发波长为514.5 nm的激发光恰好处在番茄红素和β-胡萝卜素主要吸收带的半高宽范围内,因此能够发生共振拉曼效应.利用共振拉曼光谱技术,通过在体测量番茄中的番茄红素和β-胡萝卜素C=C碳碳共轭双键伸缩振动的二次谐波,用软件获得每种成分光谱的积分强度而得到番茄红素和β-胡萝卜素的含量,为在体检测同种基团成分含量提供一种方法.     

水果、蔬菜中维生素C含量的测定——紫外分光光度快速测定方法探讨

本文利用维生素C具有对紫外产生吸收和对碱不稳定的特性,建立了紫外分光光度快速测定水果、蔬菜维生素C含量的新方法.维生素C浓度在1.00-12.0μg/mL范围内与吸收值呈良好的线性关系;检出限为0.014μg/mL;加标回收率在97.9%-99.0%之间.该法操作简单,结果准确,应用于维生素C含量的测定,结果令人满意.     

2,6-二氯靛酚钠法测定果汁饮料中的维生素C

采用2:6-二氯靛酚钠法测定了3种市售果汁饮料中的维生素C含量,并讨论了温度和存放时间对测定结果的影响.结果表明,温度升高或延长存放时间都会导致维生素C含量显著降低.因此从补充维生素C的角度看,果汁饮料最好是在常温下直接饮用,且开盖后应尽快饮用完.     

Visualization of β‐carotene and starch granules in plant cells using CARS and SHG microscopy

Information on the content and bioavailability of provitamin A carotenoids, such as β‐carotene, in plant foods is of great interest due to the widespread vitamin A deficiency in developing countries. While the amount of β‐carotene can readily be quantified with analytical techniques, there is limited information on β‐carotene morphology in native plant materials. Here, we introduce nonlinear microscopy for three‐dimensional, label‐free imaging of carotenoids in fresh and thermally treated plant tissues, providing quantitative information at single‐aggregate level and detailed insight into their distribution. Carotenoids in orange‐fleshed sweet potato (OFSP), carrot, and mango were visualized by coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy and, in the case of OFSP, related to the plant‐matrix morphology by simultaneous second‐harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy of starch granules. Sizes, shapes, densities, and location of different types of carotenoid bodies were quantified. While OFSP and carrot showed heterogeneous rod‐shaped bodies with high carotenoid densities indicated by higher CARS signals, the carotenoid‐filled lipid droplets in mango appeared as homogeneous low‐density aggregates of rounded shape. In addition, β‐carotene densities and morphologies in OFSP were studied after thermal processing, showing that the bodies remain intact despite significant changes of the surrounding starch granules. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

New SERS feature of β‐carotene: consequences for quantitative SERS analysis

While recording SERS spectra of pure β‐carotene at sub‐micromole concentrations for reference purpose, we discovered an unusual spectral response never reported before. In pre‐resonance conditions with the 532‐nm line, SERS of β‐carotene with AgNPs exhibits among the strong υ(CC) mode at 1512 cm⁻¹ unshifted from normal Raman spectrum, additional strong bands at 1649, 1575 and 1387 cm⁻¹ as well as other medium bands not observed in the Raman spectrum of the crystalline powder. Such behavior is explained in terms of selection rules relaxation upon cyclohexene terminal rings of the β‐carotene interaction with the NP surface. AFM images of the SERS system suggested dimers and trimers clustering of the nanoparticles with adsorbed β‐carotene. In light of the new SERS feature the consequences in correct interpretation of the SERS imaging from complex biosystems containing carotenoids are discussed. Relative intensity ratio of the β‐carotene band at 1512 cm⁻¹ and water against concentration allowed a reliable SERS calibration curve for 50 to 500 nmol l⁻¹ concentration range and provided quantitative SERS assessment of the carotenoid content in the sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) gonads extracts. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

维生素C对紫外线诱发DNA损伤的保护作用

用拉曼光谱探讨维生素C对紫外线诱发DNA损伤的保护作用。测量了小牛胸腺DNA水溶液及其添加微量维生素C并经过9min和30min紫外辐射的拉曼光谱,紫外线的辐射照度为18．68W／m^2。实验结果表明：在浓度为O．2mmol／L的维生素C存在的条件下,全波段的紫外辐射对DNA只造成了轻微的损伤。DNA被保护可能是因为紫外辐射虽然产生了对DNA损伤很大的自由基,但维生素C具有清除自由基的能力。另外由于DNA和维生素C在260nm处对紫外线都有很强的吸收能力,因此也可能是维生素C对紫外线的吸收能力强于DNA,从而保护了DNA。     

Effect of the structural order of all‐trans‐β‐carotene on the Raman scattering cross section at low concentrations

Using the technique of liquid‐core optical fiber (LCOF), we measured the Raman scattering cross sections (RSCSs) of the carbon–carbon (C C) stretching vibrational modes of all‐trans‐β‐carotene in carbon disulfide (CS₂) at concentrations ranging from 10⁻⁶ to 10⁻¹¹ M . It was found that the RSCSs of all‐trans‐β‐carotene were extremely high with decreasing concentration, and the absolute RSCS of C stretching modes of all‐trans‐β‐carotene reached the value of 2.6 × 10⁻²⁰ cm² molecule⁻¹ Sr⁻¹ at 8 × 10⁻¹¹ M , which is larger than at 8 × 10⁻⁶ Mby 4 orders of magnitude. A theoretical interpretation of the anomalous experimental results is given, which introduces a qualitative nonlinear model of coherent weakly damped electron‐lattice vibrations in structural order of all‐trans‐β‐carotene. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

溶液相变对β胡萝卜素分子构型变化特征能的影响

由于β胡萝卜素分子具有光敏感的特性,同时也具有光采集、光防护功能, 是重要的光电材料, 所以在光器件和光控温方面有重要应用。线性多烯分子的共振拉曼光谱是π电子能隙对碳碳键振动调制的结果,这种调制作用与外场有关,研究其在外场下的分子结构和性能变化既有理论意义也有应用价值。测量了β胡萝卜素分子在环己醇中341～275 K温度范围内的紫外-可见吸收光谱和共振拉曼光谱。实验结果表明随着温度的降低, 黄琨因子和碳碳键的每个振动模的电子-声子耦合常数减小, 紫外-可见吸收光谱红移, 碳碳键拉曼散射截面增加。295 K时溶液从液相转为固相,溶液相变后,β胡萝卜素分子的构型变化特征能ε变大,且使固相中的黄琨因子、紫外-可见吸收峰波长、电子-振动耦合系数、拉曼散射截面都随着温度的降低变化率增加。固相中的黄琨因子比液相中的黄琨因子大一个数量级。液相中的构型变化特征能为ε_ａ=0.206 7 eV,固相中的构型变化特征能为ε_b=0.559 6 eV, 构型变化特征能增加,使有效共轭长度n(T)＝n₀exp(ε/kT)随温度的降低而增加的速率变大;导致π电子能隙减小加快,电子能隙对β胡萝卜素分子碳碳键振动的调制作用增强,电子振动耦合系数增加,拉曼散射截面大幅增加。     

Effects of different levels of vitamin C on UV radiation-induced DNA damage

The Raman spectra of DNA in different levels of vitamin C with 10- and 30-min ultraviolet (UV) radiations were reported. The intensity of UV radiation was 18.68 W/m2. The experimental results proved that vitamin C could alone prevent UV radiation from damaging DNA, but the effects depended on the concentration of vitamin C. When the concentration of vitamin C was about 0.08-0.4 mmol/L, vitamin C decreased UV radiation-induced DNA's damage. When the concentration of vitamin C exceeded 0.4 mmol/L, vitamin C accelerated DNA's damage instead. Maybe the reason is that when DNA in aqueous solution is radiated by UV, free radicals come into being, and vitamin C can scavenge free radicals, so vitamin C in lower concentration can protect DNA. The quantity of free radicals is finite, when vitamin C is superfluous, free radicals have been scavenged absolutely and vitamin C is residual. Vitamin C is a strong reductant. When the mixture of DNA and residual vitamin C is radiated by UV, vitamin C reacts with DNA. The more residual vitamin C and the longer time of UV radiation, the more DNA is damaged.     

HPLC法测定赤芍提取物中芍药苷的含量

建立了赤芍水提物正丁醇萃取物中芍药苷的含量测定方法.采用Diamonsil C18色谱柱（4.6mm×250mm,5μm）,以甲醇（A）-超纯水（0.2％的冰醋酸）（B） （30∶70,V/V）为流动相等度洗脱,流速：1mL·min-1;柱温：30℃;检测波长：230nm;进样量：10μL.赤芍水提物正丁醇萃取物中芍药苷的平均含量为1.52％.经正丁醇萃取后,提取物中芍药苷的纯度有了较大提高.所用含量测定方法简便准确,分离度好,可用于赤芍提取物中芍药苷的含量测定.正丁醇可用于赤芍中芍药苷的提取纯化工艺.     

On the use of β‐carotene as a probe for solvent polarizability

The solvatochromism of β‐carotene confirms its high sensitivity not only to the polarizability of the medium, but is also contaminated by additional solute/solvent interactions due to its dipolarity and acidity, as well as to changes in its molecular structure in some solvents. A thermochromic analysis of β‐carotene dissolved in 2‐methylbutane and 1‐chlorobutane (ClB) revealed the influence of the solvent dipolarity on its UV/Vis‐spectroscopy behavior in these solvents. Applying Abe's method to the solvent‐induced shift of the first Vis absorption band of β‐carotene in ClB revealed that the electronic excitation substantially increases its polarizability and its dipole moment. Other experimental evidence also confirms that β‐carotene is not a suitable polarizability probe of the medium. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

不同浓度维生素C对DNA紫外损伤的影响

分别检测了DNA与不同浓度维生素C的混合物经10和30 min紫外辐射的拉曼光谱,紫外线的辐射照度为18.68 W·m-2。实验表明,维生素C对DNA损伤的影响与其浓度密切相关。低于0.35 mmol·L-1的维生素C对紫外线诱发的DNA损伤具有明显的保护作用,且保护效果随着其浓度的增大越来越好,0.35 mmol·L-1时保护效果最佳。当维生素C的浓度高于0.35 mmol·L-1时,在10 min的紫外辐射中,维生素C不仅没有保护DNA,反而促进了DNA的损伤,DNA被损伤的程度随着维生素C浓度的增加而增加;但在30 min的紫外辐射中,相对于不加VC的紫外辐射,维生素C对DNA仍起保护作用。     

A copper vapour laser operating at room temperature

Laser action on the 5106 and 5782 Å lines of neutral copper has been achieved at temperatures from 20 to 140°C in the vapour of copper acetylacetonate, and at temperatures between 150 and 215°C in the vapour of copper nitrate. The peak output powers are compared with those obtained in the vapours of the copper halides CuCl, CuBr and CuI using the same longitudinal discharge operated in a double-pulse mode in low pressure argon. The highest peak power from copper acetylacetonate obtained to date is 5 kW at a temperature of 40°C. The optimum temperature for the nitrate is 180°C at which the peak output power is 20 kW. The halides can give pulses of 50 kW although the temperatures required are much higher. For the acetylacetonate and the nitrate it is necessary to purge the gas mixture of dissociation products by flowing the argon through the discharge tube. It is probable that the resulting reduction in copper density is partly responsible for the poorer performance observed to date with these vapours. Optimum argon pressures and delay times between the two pulses of discharge current were approximately the same for all the copper compounds tested.