在热学教学中应突出热学独特的研究方法和思维方法

热学是大学物理教学的难点,这固然与学生的物理基础有关,但也与热学的研究对象和研究方法有关.本文从热学学科特点和发展历史出发,对大学物理热学教学体系进行了深入的挖掘和总结,试图厘清热学基本概念的建立和基本规律的发现过程,使学生充分理解热学知识结构的内在联系,并进一步了解热学在物理前沿中的作用.从这个角度进行热学教学,使学生不仅较为轻松地掌握热学基础知识,而且系统地学习热学独特而科学的研究方法和思维方法,从而为学生科学思想的养成、科学世界观的建立服务.     

试论热学课程中的平衡态概念及其与细致平衡原理的关系

介绍热学课程中分子动力论的内容和结构改革的一个方面：如何在课程中实现合理的交叉展开，阐述宏观的平衡态概念和微观的细致平衡原理，文中还对正确概括平衡态，局域平衡和局域平衡假设等概念作了必要的讨论。     

势能的对称性与守恒定律

本文分析了势能的时空对称性与三个守恒定律的关系。     

物理学发展中蕴含的思政元素——马克思主义哲学观点在物理学中的体现

在概述力学、热学、电磁学、光学、天文学等发展历程的同时,挖掘了促使科学发展的必然要素以及体现的科学精神,这些必然要素的哲学概括丰富和发展了马克思主义哲学,也是马克思主义哲学观点在物理科学发展中的伟大体现,将它们作为物理教学中的思政元素,有利于物理教学内容与思政教育的有机融合.     

自学考试物理专业高等教育热学课程考试大纲(草案)

一、课程的基本要求 本大纲是根据高等教育自学考试物理专业考试计划并结合自学考试的特点制订的.大纲的要求从总体上与全日制(四年制)普通高等学校物理专业的热学教学大纲的要求相一致. 热学是物理学的一个分支,热学课程是物理专业的一门重要基础课。热学课程自学考试要求考生能比较系统地掌握热学的基本知识、基本概念和物质热运动形式的基本规律,并能正确地应用学到的知识、概念和规律,讨论、分析和解决有关热学问题.同时,热学课程的自学考试也为考生进一步学习后继课程奠定基础。 二、自学考试的基本内容 (一)热学研究的对象和方法 (二)…     

热学课程中思政教学的内容设计与方案探讨

针对热学课程的特色进行了"思政"元素与热学专业知识有机融合的教学设计和实施方案探讨.通过对不同类型的知识点进行因地制宜地思政教学设计,给出了在热学课程中开展思政教育的具体教学内容.此外,还针对嵌入思政教学的热学课程,提出了教学模式和课程考核方式的调整和改革方案.     

从物理现象着手教好活的物理学——谈2011年国家级精品教材《普通物理学教程热学》第3版和2005年国家级精品课程热学

文章作者主持的国家级精品教材《热学》第3版和国家级精品课程热学的目标和特色是要教好活的物理学.热学教材和教学内容的"实"、"新"、"宽"就是从物理现象着手教好活的物理学的重要体现,而在此基础上进一步强调科学思维方法的训练,特别是强调创新能力的培养,这就是"活".课堂讨论是热学课程又一特色.     

时空的对称性

 时空的对称性是大自然的奇妙特性之一,这种特性几乎是无处不在。例如,从宏观的角度看,人和动物的形体结构是左右对称的,植物的结构也是左右对称的,飘落的雪花的结构也是对称的。从微观的角度看,所有晶体都是对称排列的,水分子的排列也是具有严格的对称性。对称性无论在人们的日常生活中,还是在科学研究和应用技术领域,都具有非常重要的作用和地位;它潜移默化地影响着人类的观念和思维,这点可以从人类建筑的对称结构和人的对称审美观来说明;尤其在物理科学的研究中,例如基本粒子的研究、半导体物理的研究等等,时空对称性都是处于核心地位的重要概念。     

复习热学的几点看法

由国家教委统一举行的《专业合格证书》物理专业的热学考试,今年暑假就要进行了.我想就《热学》本身的情况及复习的要求谈谈自己的看法,供准备参加考试的教师复习时参考.一、《热学》内容的编写情况 从总体上来讲,《热学》是按1986年国家教委师范教育司颁布的热学教学大纲的要求编写的.但是在章、节的划分和内容的顺序安排上,与大纲并不相同.我们把全书分为八章(见《热学》教材),编写的原则是先宏观,再微观,最后是宏观和微观相结合. 《热学》在内容上也有少数地方与大纲不同,这就是: 1,理想气体实验三定律不写了.因为高中物理已经详细讲过,…     

从《新概念物理教程：热学》看面向21世纪的热学教学

结合在热学课程教学中试用《新概念物理教程：热学》的体会,就熵的教学、量子概念和量子统计的引入以及统计规律性的教学等问题提出了热学教学内容改革的看法和在课堂教学中的做法。     

A Note on Symmetries and Generalized W∞ Algebra of the Modified KP Equation

Some remarks on the paper Symmetries and generalized W algebra of the modified KP equation (S. Y. Lou and G. J. Ni, Lett. Math. Phys. 34 (1995), 327–331) are given. It is pointed out that if we consider the inverse operator of a differential operator to be a linear operator, the vector fields nv(f) defined in the above Letter are not certain to be symmetries of the modified KP equation under consideration.     

Time-Symmetric Quantum Mechanics

A time-symmetric formulation of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics is developed by applying two consecutive boundary conditions onto solutions of a time- symmetrized wave equation. From known probabilities in ordinary quantum mechanics, a time-symmetric parameter P₀ is then derived that properly weights the likelihood of any complete sequence of measurement outcomes on a quantum system. The results appear to match standard quantum mechanics, but do so without requiring a time-asymmetric collapse of the wavefunction upon measurement, thereby realigning quantum mechanics with an important fundamental symmetry.     

Fermion Determinant with Dynamical Chiral Symmetry Breaking

One-loop fermion determinant is discussed for the case in which the dynamical chiral symmetry breakingcaused by momentum-dependent fermion self-energy ∑(p2) takes place. The obtained series generalizes the heat kernelexpansion for hard fermion mass.     

The contrast between defect solitons in parity-time symmetric superlattice and simple-lattice complex potentials

The existence and stability of defect superlattice solitons in parity-time (PT) symmetric superlattice and simplelattice complex potentials are reported.Compared with defect simple-lattice solitons in similar potentials,the defect soliton in superlattice has a wider stable range than that in simple-lattice.The solitons’ power increases with increasing propagation constant.For the positive defect,the solitons are stable in the whole region where solitons exist in the semi-infinite gap.For the zero defect,the solitons are unstable at the edge of the band.For the negative defect,the solitons propagate with the shape of Y at low propagation constant and propagate stably at the large one.     

Fermion Determinant with Dynamical Chiral Symmetry Breaking

One-loop fermion determinant is discussed for the case in which the dynamical chiral symmetry breaking caused by momentum-dependent fermion self-energy Σ(p²) takes place. The obtained series generalizes the heat kernel expansion for hard fermion mass.     

Functional Separable Solutions of Nonlinear Heat Equations in Non-Newtonian Fluids

We study the functional separation of variables to the nonlinear heat equation： ut = （A（x）D（u）ux^n）x＋ B（x）Q（u）, Ax≠0. Such equation arises from non-Newtonian fluids. Its functional separation of variables is studied by using the group foliation method. A classification of the equation which admits the functional separable solutions is performed. As a consequence, some solutions to the resulting equations are obtained.     

Relevance of inter-site Coulomb repulsion on high-Tc superconductivity within t−J−V model

The relevance of inter-site Coulomb repulsion (V) in the hole-doped cuprates is explored within $t?J?V$ model. An exact diagonalization (ED) technique is employed to investigate some ground state and thermodynamic properties of the model for various hole-doping. Results show that electron-electron ($e?e$) correlation is maximum between the next-nearest-neighbor (NNN) sites which decreases sharply at distances longer than √2 times the lattice spacing. Unlike hole-concentration, Coulomb repulsion reduces effective hopping amplitude. Our results suggest that in this hole-doped system, inter-site Coulomb repulsion favors d-wave pairing. Specific heat curves show characteristic single broad peaks where the peak-height decreases with doping concentration. From specific heat and entropy curves, one can expect a superconducting state at $<h>=0.25$.     

Anisotropic spin-glasses with broken replica symmetry

A simple mechanism of replica symmetry breaking for spin-glass, as suggested by Parisi, has been used to solve the anisotropic spin-glass model of Sherrington and Ghatak. Temperature variation of the correlation parameters and the resulting variations with the temperature of the thermodynamic quantities like internal energy, specific heat and entropy have been evaluated. It is found that the anisotropy has considerable effect on the properties of the spin system. At low temperatures, the specific heat varies asT ². However, the entropy is positive for temperatures above 0.1°K, which is a considerable improvement on the results of Sherrington and Ghatak. The results are expected to be in good agreement with experiment or computer simulation studies near transition temperatures.     

Magnetic field and external pressure effects on the spiral order of polycrystalline MnCr2O4

In this paper, the magnetic and specific heat properties of polycrystalline MnCr₂O₄ were investigated, mainly by focusing on the spiral order transition around T_s. With increasing magnetic field, the magnetic anomaly around T_s in the M–T curve is gradually suppressed. However, an external magnetic field up to 5 T has no evident influence on the spiral magnetic transition as revealed by specific heat measurements. Upon cooling below T_s, AC susceptibility displays no frequency dependence, but the coercivity increases abruptly. Applying external pressure increases the coercivity at 5 K, implying the strengthening of the spiral order. It is suggested that with decreasing temperature across T_s, the spiral component develops in the direction perpendicular to the easy axis of the parent collinear ferri-magnetic phase and does not contribute to the saturation magnetization.